A total-evidence approach resolves phylogenetic placement of ‘Cafius’ gigas, a unique recently extinct rove beetle from Lord Howe Island

Abstract Cafius gigas Lea, 1929 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) was a large rove beetle endemic to Lord Howe Island (LHI) resembling Cafius and the LHI flightless endemic Hesperus dolichoderes (Lea, 1925). Like several other LHI endemics, C. gigas became extinct due to human-introduced rats. It is a legacy species valuable for understanding the LHI biota in terms of evolutionary biology and historical biogeography. Whether C. gigas was a member of Cafius Curtis, 1829, restricted to oceanic shores and prone to trans-oceanic dispersal, or related to H. dolichoderes, would have different implications. We subjected C. gigas to a total-evidence phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data using model-based and parsimony methods. As a result, it is transferred to Hesperus Fauvel, 1874 with the new combination Hesperus gigas (Lea, 1929) comb. nov. Our analysis indicates that the montane leaf litter inhabitant H. gigas evolved neither in situ nor from a seashore Cafius-ancestor, or from an ancestor shared by two other LHI endemic congeners, Hesperus pacificus Olliff, 1887 and H. dolichoderes. It also suggests that all three Hesperus species that currently occur on LHI could have evolved on various seamounts at various times before reaching LHI.

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Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽

10.3390/life11050420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽

Carolina Barroetaveña ◽

Tuula Niskanen ◽

Kare Liimatainen ◽

Matthew E. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Global Scale ◽

South American ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Rdna Its ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

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Redescription of Paradiplozoon hemiculteri (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) from the type host Hemiculter leucisculus, with neotype designation

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2018004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dagmar Jirsová ◽

Xuejuan Ding ◽

Kristína Civáňová ◽

Eliška Jirounková ◽

Jana Ilgová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Original Description ◽

Molecular Data ◽

The Body ◽

Type Host ◽

Hemiculter Leucisculus ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Median Plate

Paradiplozoon hemiculteri (Ling, 1973), a member of the Diplozoidae, parasitizes the gills of Asian fish. Not only is the type material unavailable for this species, the original description was poor and somewhat conflicting, and adequate molecular data were not available. What is more, the available morphological and molecular data are inconsistent and fluctuate significantly. Here, we present a redescription of P. hemiculteri based on morphological and molecular data from new isolates collected from the type host, the sharpbelly Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855), captured at the neotype locality (Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, southern China); a neotype for P. hemiculteri was designated from this collection. The length and width of the body, buccal suckers, pharynx, attachment clamps, sickle and the central hook handle were all measured and the shape of the anterior and posterior part of the median plate and anterior and posterior joining sclerites accurately documented. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the second rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) indicated that all new samples clustered together and differed clearly from sequences attributed to P. hemiculteri, which are deposited in GenBank. Our results confirm that P. hemiculteri is the only diplozoid that has demonstrably been found on the gills of H. leucisculus to date.

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Morphological redescription and molecular characterization of Trichodina matsu Basson & Van As, 1994 (Ciliophora, Mobilida, Trichodinidae) infecting Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846) from Chongqing, China

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4995.2.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4995 (2) ◽

pp. 334-344

Author(s):

QIAN ZHOU ◽

FAHUI TANG ◽

YUANJUN ZHAO

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Molecular Data ◽

18S Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Similar Species ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Multiple Sequence Alignments ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Tachysurus Fulvidraco

During a survey of parasitic ciliates in Chongqing, China, Trichodina matsu Basson & Van As, 1994 was isolated from gills of Tachysurus fulvidraco. Furthermore, the 18S rRNA gene and ITS-5.8S rRNA region of T. matsu were sequenced for the first time and applied for the species identification and comparison with similar species in the present study. Based on the morphological and molecular comparisons, the results indicate that T. matsu is an ectoparasite specific for the Siluriformes catfish. Based on the analyses of genetic distance, multiple sequence alignments, and phylogenetic analyses, no obvious differentiation within populations of T. matsu was found. In addition, the ‘Trichodina hyperparasitis’ (KX904933) in GenBank is a misidentification and appears to be conspecific with T. matsu according to the comparison of morphological and molecular data.

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Taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties in Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae) from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 494 (1) ◽

pp. 42-58

Author(s):

CELESTE HEISECKE ◽

JAIME ANDRÉS DUQUE BARBOSA ◽

MARIA ALICE NEVES ◽

ANIBAL ALVES DE CARVALHO JR

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Full Description ◽

Symbiotic Fungus ◽

Leaf Cutting ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus ◽

Pileus Surface

Leucoagaricus nzumbae sp. nov. (Agaricaceae) is described based on morphological and molecular data from Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This species is characterized by the delicate small basidiomes that turn completely lilac when dried, brownish color of the pileus surface, and trichodermal elements with intracellular and parietal brown pigments of the pileus covering. A lectotype and an epitype are designated for Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, a symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants. Full description, nomenclatural notes, and illustrations of fresh basidiomes in situ and of the main macro-and micromorphological features of both species are provided.

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Clathrosporium retortum, a novel aeroaquatic fungus in the Sordariomycetidae (Ascomycota) from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 239 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Larissa Bernardino Moro ◽

Gregorio Delgado ◽

Iracema Helena SCHOENLEIN-CRUSIUS

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Type Specimen ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Present Fungus ◽

Broad Concept ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

First Time

Clathrosporium retortum sp. nov., collected on submerged mixed leaf litter samples at Ilha do Cardoso State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, is described based on morphological and molecular data. The fungus is characterized by forming whitish, dense, subglobose to irregular propagules, hyaline to subhyaline when young, subhyaline to dark brown at maturity, that are formed by densely interwoven conidial filaments with each conidial cell repeatedly branching bilaterally or occasionally unilaterally. Phylogenetic analyses using partial LSU nrDNA sequence data suggest that C. retortum belongs in the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota) where it forms a well-supported clade with Clohesia corticola in the Sordariomycetidae, but its ordinal or familial placement remains unresolved. Its phylogenetic placement confirms the polyphyletic nature of aeroaquatic fungi like Clathrosporium, as it was distantly related to one available sequence in GenBank named as C. intricatum, the type species, which is phylogenetically related to the Helotiales (Leotiomycetes). However, due to lack of authenticity of the identity of this sequence with the type specimen of C. intricatum, a broad concept of Clathrosporium is tentatively adopted here to accommodate the present fungus instead of introducing a new genus. Beverwykella clathrata, Helicoön septatissimum and Peyronelina glomerulata are recorded for the first time from Brazil. Cancellidium applanatum and Candelabrum brocchiatum are new records for the state of São Paulo.

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Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic Astianthus (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular data, wood and bark anatomy

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 398-412

Author(s):

Marcelo R. Pace ◽

Brenda Hernández-Hernández ◽

Esteban M. Martínez Salas ◽

Lúcia G. Lohmann ◽

N. Ivalu Cacho

Keyword(s):

Pacific Coast ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Phylogenetic Placement ◽

The Pacific ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Phloem Fibers ◽

Plastid Markers ◽

Bark Anatomy

Background: Astianthus is a monospecific arborescent genus of Bignoniaceae that occur in the Pacific Coast of central Mexico and northern Central America, where it grows in dense populations along riversides. Its phylogenetic placement has remained controversial since Astianthus has unusual morphological characters such as a four-loculed ovary, and simple, pulvinate, verticillate leaves. Methods: Here we used three plastid markers ndhF, rbcL, and trnL-F, wood, and bark anatomical data to investigate the phylogenetic placement of Astianthus and assign it to one of Bignoniaceae’s main clades. Results: Our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that Astianthus belongs in tribe Tecomeae s.s., where other charismatic Neotropical Bignoniaceae genera such as Campsis and Tecoma are currently placed. Wood and bark anatomy support this placement, as Astianthus reunites a unique combination of features only known from members of Tecomeae s.s., such as storied axial parenchyma, the co-occurrence of homo- and heterocellular rays, septate fibers, and scattered phloem fibers in the bark. Conclusions: The placement of Astianthus within Tecomeae s.s. provides further support to previous proposals for the Neotropical origin of this Pantropical tribe.

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Insights on The Morphological and Phylogenetic Delimitation of Dacrymyces Nees

10.21203/rs.3.rs-950799/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Renato Lúcio Mendes Alvarenga ◽

Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Features ◽

New Combinations ◽

Dna Analyses ◽

Homogeneous Composition ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data

Abstract Dacrymycetes has four families and 13 genera, few of them with molecular data available and then usually polyphyletic in phylogenetic analyses. Dacrymyces Nees is one of the polyphyletic genera in Dacrymycetes and it was introduced to accommodate one species, D. stillatus Nees. The morphological features of the genus are a homogeneous composition of the intra-structure and an amphigenous or superior hymenium. In this study, we included Neotropical specimens in the phylogeny of the Dacrymycetes and Dacrymyces s.s. is emended to include species with resupinate basidiomata, unilateral hymenium and heterogeneous context. In this new delimitation, the new species Dacrymyces flavobrunneus is described using morphological and molecular data and three new combinations (D. ceraceus comb. nov., D. maxidorii comb. nov. and D. spathularia comb. nov.) are proposed based on DNA analyses.

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Cymbidium xichouense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.484.3.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 484 (3) ◽

pp. 291-297

Author(s):

XINYU XU ◽

CHANG-CHUN DING ◽

WENQI HU ◽

XIA YU ◽

YU ZHENG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

The Status ◽

Nuclear Its ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

A New Species

A new species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), Cymbidium xichouense, from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological evidence and molecular analyses. The new orchid is morphologically similar to C. qinbeiense, but it has several morphological features that distinguish it from C. qiubeinense and all other recognized species in Cymbidium. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid DNA (matK) were conducted, and the results also supported the status of C. xichouense as a new species, which is sister to C. qiubeiense.

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Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 187 (1) ◽

pp. 166-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Adam James Brunke ◽

Dagmara Żyła ◽

Shûhei Yamamoto ◽

Alexey Solodovnikov

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Middle Eocene ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Total Evidence ◽

Baltic Amber ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Rove Beetle ◽

Phylogenetic Framework ◽

Freeze Tolerant ◽

Climate Cooling

Abstract Cenozoic climate cooling, particularly during the Eocene, has drastically shaped modern biological assemblages through a shift from an equable greenhouse to a polarized icehouse. Present-day Europe lies in a highly seasonal and temperate area that strongly embodies this modern icehouse climate. Baltic amber provides a Middle Eocene snapshot of the European fauna before this large-scale change. Here, we focused on the rove beetle tribe Staphylinini and conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study of all known Baltic amber fossils in a total-evidence phylogenetic framework that integrates morphology with molecular data from six gene fragments. Based on our well-resolved topology, we propose the following: †Baltognathina subtrib. nov., Afroquediina subtrib. nov., Antimerina subtrib. nov., †Baltognathus aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., †Eolophorus gen. nov., †Laevisaurus robustus and †Laevisaurus gracilis gen. et spp. nov., †Hemiquedius europaeus sp. nov. and †Bolitogyrus fragmentus sp. nov. †Quedius cretaceus is placed as junior synonym of †Cretoquedius infractus. The earliest definitive fossils of Quediina are reported herein from the Eocene. The Staphylinini fauna of Middle Eocene Europe combined thermophilic, freeze-intolerant lineages with freeze-tolerant, temperate lineages and, unlike most other staphylinid or beetle lineages, all have since become extinct in the Palaearctic region.

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