The Endophytic Fungus Cyanodermella asteris Influences Growth of the Non-Natural Host Plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Cyanodermella asteris is a fungal endophyte from Aster tataricus, a perennial plant from the Northern part of Asia. Here, we demonstrated an interaction of C. asteris with Arabidospis thaliana, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed, tomato, maize or sunflower resulting in different phenotypes such as shorter main roots, massive lateral root growth, higher leaf and root biomass, and increased anthocyanin levels. In a variety of co-cultivation assays, it was shown that these altered phenotypes are caused by fungal CO2, volatile organic compounds, and soluble compounds, notably astins. Astins A, C and G induced plant growth when they were individually included in the medium. In return, A. thaliana stimulates the fungal astin C production during co-cultivation. Taken together, our results indicate a bilateral interaction between the fungus and the plant. A stress response in plants is induced by fungal metabolites while plant stress hormones induced astin C production of the fungus. Interestingly, our results not only show unidirectional influence of the fungus on the plant, but vice versa. The plant is able to influence growth and secondary metabolite production in the endophyte, even when both organisms do not live in close contact, suggesting the involvement of volatile compounds.

Download Full-text

Jasmonates: Plant Stress Hormones as Anticancer Agents

ACS Symposium Series - Emerging Trends in Dietary Components for Preventing and Combating Disease ◽

10.1021/bk-2012-1093.ch017 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 303-322

Author(s):

Dorit Reischer-Pelech ◽

Eliezer Flescher

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agents ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Plant Stress

Download Full-text

The Impact of Root Temperature on Photosynthesis and Isoprene Emission in Three Different Plant Species

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/525827 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mauro Medori ◽

Lucia Michelini ◽

Isabel Nogues ◽

Francesco Loreto ◽

Carlo Calfapietra

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

High Stress ◽

Root Temperature ◽

Isoprene Emission ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Good Marker ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Foliar Senescence ◽

Populus X Euramericana ◽

The Impact

Most of the perennial plant species, particularly trees, emit volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) such as isoprene and monoterpenes, which in several cases have been demonstrated to protect against thermal shock and more generally against oxidative stress. In this paper, we show the response of three strong isoprene emitter species, namely,Phragmites australis, Populus x euramericana, andSalix phylicifoliaexposed to artificial or natural warming of the root system in different conditions. This aspect has not been investigated so far while it is well known that warming the air around a plant stimulates considerably isoprene emission, as also shown in this paper. In the green house experiments where the warming corresponded with high stress conditions, as confirmed by higher activities of the main antioxidant enzymes, we found that isoprene uncoupled from photosynthesis at a certain stage of the warming treatment and that even when photosynthesis approached to zero isoprene emission was still ongoing. In the field experiment, in a typical cold-limited environment, warming did not affect isoprene emission whereas it increased significantly CO2assimilation. Our findings suggest that the increase of isoprene could be a good marker of heat stress, whereas the decrease of isoprene a good marker of accelerated foliar senescence, two hypotheses that should be better investigated in the future.

Download Full-text

Volatile Organic Compounds of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria JZ-GX1 Enhanced the Tolerance of Robinia pseudoacacia to Salt Stress

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.753332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pu-Sheng Li ◽

Wei-Liang Kong ◽

Xiao-Qin Wu ◽

Yu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and development. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to mitigcate salt stress damage in plants is an important way to promote crop growth under salt stress conditions. Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain, but it is not clear whether it can improve the salt tolerance of plants, and in particular, the role of volatile substances in plant salt tolerance is unknown. We investigated the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from JZ-GX1 on the growth performance, osmotic substances, ionic balance and antioxidant enzyme activities of acacia seedlings treated with 0 and 100mm NaCl and explored the VOCs associated with the JZ-GX1 strain. The results showed that compared to untreated seedlings, seedlings exposed to plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium JZ-GX1 via direct contact with plant roots under salt stress conditions exhibited increases in fresh weight, lateral root number and primary root length equal to approximately 155.1, 95.4, and 71.3%, respectively. Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings exposed to VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain showed increases in biomass, soil and plant analyser development values and lateral root numbers equal to 132.1, 101.6, and 166.7%, respectively. Additionally, decreases in malondialdehyde, superoxide anion (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and increases in proline contents and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were observed in acacia leaves. Importantly, the sodium-potassium ratios in the roots, stems, and leaves of acacia exposed to VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain were significantly lower than those in the control samples, and this change in ion homeostasis was consistent with the upregulated expression of the (Na+, K+)/H+ reverse cotransporter RpNHX1 in plant roots. Through GC-MS and creatine chromatography, we also found that 2,3-butanediol in the volatile gases of the JZ-GX1 strain was one of the important signaling substances for improving the salt tolerance of plants. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 can promote the growth and yield of R. pseudoacacia under normal and salt stress conditions. JZ-GX1 VOCs have good potential as protectants for improving the salt tolerance of plants, opening a window of opportunity for their application in salinized soils.

Download Full-text

Plant Stress Hormones Nanobiotechnology

Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-73606-4_15 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 349-373

Author(s):

Sashi Sonkar ◽

Laxuman Sharma ◽

Rishi Kumar Singh ◽

Brijesh Pandey ◽

Saurabh Singh Rathore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Hormones ◽

Plant Stress

Download Full-text

Herbicidal Activity of Aspergillus niger Metabolites Against Parthenium Weed

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

U. BASHIR ◽

A. KHAN ◽

A. JAVAID

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Growth Medium ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Pot Trials ◽

Parthenium Weed ◽

Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT: Metabolites of Aspergillus niger, prepared in malt extract (ME) broth and potato dextrose (PD) broth, were evaluated for their herbicidal activity against a noxious parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). In laboratory assays, original (X) and diluted (½ X) fungal metabolites significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of weed. However, metabolites prepared in ME broth proved to have greater herbicidal activity than metabolites prepared in other growth medium. Original metabolites prepared in ME broth have completely hinder the germination of parthenium seeds; while those prepared in PD broth have reduced germination by 89% over control. In pot trials, one-week, two-week and three-week-old parthenium seedlings were sprayed three times with original and concentrated (2X) metabolites of A. niger prepared in ME broth. Plants were harvested after 40 days of sowing. One-week treatment plants were most susceptible to fungal metabolites spray, followed by two-week and three-week treatment plants, respectively. Original and concentrated metabolites have significantly reduced shoot biomass of one-week-old plants by 57% and 68%, and root biomass by 50% and 75%, respectively. The present study has come to the conclusion that A. niger metabolites prepared in ME broth can effectively control germination and growth of parthenium.

Download Full-text

Particulate matter and volatile organic compound phytoremediation by perennial plants: Affecting factors and plant stress response

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148779 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 148779

Author(s):

Chairat Treesubsuntorn ◽

Ginting Dwi Setiawan ◽

Bayu Hadi Permana ◽

Yovita Citra ◽

Sucheewin Krobthong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Stress Response ◽

Organic Compound ◽

Volatile Organic Compound ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Plant Stress Response ◽

Perennial Plants ◽

Volatile Organic

Download Full-text

Biomass and leaf area in contrasting lodgepole pine forests

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x84-050 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

John A. Pearson ◽

Timothy J. Fahey ◽

Dennis H. Knight

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Area Index ◽

Sapwood Area ◽

Dimension Analysis

Bole, branch, foliage, root crown, and lateral root biomass of Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia (Engelm. ex Wats.) Critchfield forests in southeastern Wyoming were estimated by a combination of aboveground dimension analysis, belowground planar intersect sampling, and soil coring. Total biomass of six stands ≥75 years old ranged from 123 to 180 Mg/ha, and roof:shoot ratios were much higher in two very dense stands than in four more open stands. Average proportions of biomass in boles, branches, foliage, woody roots, and fine roots were 61, 7, 6, 20, and 6%, respectively. Leaf area index ranged from 4.5 to 9.9. Leaf area per unit sapwood area ranged from 0.20 to 0.57 m2/cm2in stands of different densities, ages, and sites. Sapwood area was a more precise predictor of foliage biomass than was basal area for the low to moderate density stands, but was marginally inferior to basal area for two high density stands (>9000 trees/ha).

Download Full-text

Recovery and Community Succession of the Zostera marina Rhizobiome After Transplantation

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02326-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Mary K. English ◽

Fiona Tomas ◽

Ryan S. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Zostera Marina ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Community Succession ◽

Seagrass Meadows ◽

Coastal Species ◽

Sediment Mass ◽

Rhizosphere Sediment

Seagrasses can form mutualisms with their microbiomes that facilitate the exchange of energy sources, nutrients, and hormones, and ultimately impact plant stress resistance. Little is known about community succession within the belowground seagrass microbiome after disturbance and its potential role in the plant’s recovery after transplantation. We transplanted Zostera marina shoots with and without an intact rhizosphere, and cultivated plants for four weeks while characterizing microbiome recovery and effects on plant traits. Rhizosphere and root microbiomes were compositionally distinct, likely representing discrete microbial niches. Furthermore, microbiomes of washed transplants were initially different from those of sod transplants, and recovered to resemble an undisturbed state within fourteen days. Conspicuously, changes in microbial communities of washed transplants corresponded with changes in rhizosphere sediment mass and root biomass, highlighting the strength and responsive nature of the relationship between plants, their microbiome, and the environment. Potential mutualistic microbes that were enriched over time include those that function in the cycling and turnover of sulfur, nitrogen, and plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere environment. These findings highlight the importance and resiliency of the seagrass microbiome after disturbance. Consideration of the microbiome will have meaningful implications on habitat restoration practices. Importance Seagrasses are important coastal species that are declining globally, and transplantation can be used to combat these declines. However, the bacterial communities associated with seagrass rhizospheres and roots (the microbiome) are often disturbed or removed completely prior to transplantation. The seagrass microbiome benefits seagrasses through metabolite, nutrient, and phytohormone exchange, and contributes to the ecosystem services of seagrass meadows by cycling sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon. This experiment aimed to characterize the importance and resilience of the seagrass belowground microbiome by transplanting Zostera marina with and without intact rhizospheres and tracking microbiome and plant morphological recovery over four weeks. We found the seagrass microbiome to be resilient to transplantation disturbance, recovering after fourteen days. Additionally, microbiome recovery was linked with seagrass morphology, coinciding with increases in rhizosphere sediment mass and root biomass. Results of this study can be used to include microbiome responses in informing future restoration work.

Download Full-text