scholarly journals Improved Whole-Genome Sequence of Fusarium meridionale, the Fungal Pathogen Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Total Size ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) cause extensive yield losses in cereal production worldwide and food safety concerns due to the accumulation of Fusarium toxins in infected grains. Among these pathogens, F. meridionale is responsible for Fusarium head blight of wheat and rice, ear and stalk rot of maize, and pod blight of soybean. Here, we present an improved genome assembly of F. meridionale strain SR5 isolated from rice in China based on PacBio long-read sequencing and Illumina short-read sequencing technology. The assembled genome of SR5 has a total size of 36.82 Mb, an N50 scaffold length of 7.82 Mb, 9 scaffolds and encodes 12,409 predicted genes. These high-quality data expand FGSC genomic resources and provide a valuable resource for better understanding their genetic diversity and the molecular basis of pathogenesis, which will facilitate the development of an effective control strategy.

Registration of GPTM3BR(H)C4 Fusarium Head Blight/Stalk Rot Resistant Sorghum Population

Crop Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Duncan ◽  
A. Sotomayor‐Rios ◽  
P. R. Hepperly ◽  
D. T. Rosenow ◽  
F. R. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot

scholarly journals Activity of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Metconazole on Chinese Fusarium graminearum Species Complex and Its Application in Carbendazim-Resistance Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Xian Tao ◽  
Huahua Zhao ◽  
Xuemei Xiao ◽  
Meixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, has species-specific geographical distributions in wheat-growing regions. In recent years, benzimidazole resistance of FHB pathogens has been largely widespread in China. Although the demethylation inhibitor fungicide metconazole has been used for FHB control in some countries, no information about metconazole sensitivity of Chinese FHB pathogen populations and efficacy of metconazole in FHB control in China is available. In this study, the sensitivity of FGSC to metconazole was measured with 32 carbendazim-sensitive strains and 35 carbendazim-resistant strains based on mycelial growth. The 50% effective concentration values of 67 strains were normally distributed and ranged from 0.0209 to 0.0838 μg ml−1, with a mean of 0.0481 ± 0.0134 μg ml−1. No significant difference in metconazole sensitivity was observed between carbendazim-sensitive and -resistant populations. An interactive effect of metconazole and phenamacril, a novel cyanoacrilate fungicide approved in China against Fusarium spp., in inhibiting mycelial growth showed an additive interaction at different ratios. Furthermore, field trials to evaluate the effect of metconazole and metconazole + phenamacril treatments in FHB control, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and grain yields were performed. Compared with the fungicides carbendazim and phenamacril currently used in China, metconazole exhibits a better efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields, and dramatically reduces use dosages of chemical compounds in the field. The mixture of metconazole and phenamacril at ratios of 2:3 and 1:2 showed the greatest efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields among all the fungicide treatments but its use dosages were higher in comparison with metconazole alone. In addition, FHB control, grain yields, and DON levels were significantly correlated with each other, showing that visual disease indices can be used as an indicator of grain yields and DON contamination. Meanwhile, the frequency of carbendazim-resistant alleles in F. graminearum populations was dramatically reduced after metconazole and phenamacril alone and the mixture of metconazole and phenamacril applications, indicating that metconazole and a mixture of metconazole and phenamacril can be used for carbendazim resistance management of FHB in wheat. Overall, the findings of this study provide important data for resistance management of FHB and reducing DON contamination in wheat grains.

Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vaughan ◽  
D. Backhouse ◽  
E.M. Del Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Ears on the Basis of Image and Spectral Feature Fusion

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsheng Huang ◽  
Taikun Li ◽  
Chuanlong Ding ◽  
Jinling Zhao ◽  
Dongyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Color Feature ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Fusion Features

Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most prevalent and damaging infection diseases of wheat, affects quality and safety of associated food. In this study, to realize the early accurate monitoring of FHB, a diagnostic model of disease severity was proposed based on the fusion features of image and spectral features. First, the hyperspectral image of FHB infected in the range of the 400–1000 nm spectrum was collected, and the color parameters of wheat ear and spot region were segmented based on image features. Twelve sensitive bands were extracted using the successive projection algorithm, gray-scale co-occurrence matrix, and RGB color model. Four texture features were extracted from each feature band image as texture variables, and nine color feature variables were extracted from R, G, and B component images. Texture features with high correlation and color features were selected to participate in the final model building parameters via correlation analysis. Finally, the particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) algorithm was used to build the model based on the diagnosis model of disease severity of FHB with different combinations of characteristic variables. The experimental results showed that the PSO-SVM model based on spectral and color feature fusion was optimal. Moreover, the accuracy of the training and prediction set was 95% and 92%, respectively. The method based on fusion features of image and spectral features can accurately and effectively diagnose the severity of FHB, thereby providing a technical basis for the timely and effective control of FHB and precise application of a pesticide.

scholarly journals Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of Trichoderma gamsii T6085, a Promising Biocontrol Agent of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Baroncelli ◽  
Antonio Zapparata ◽  
Giulia Piaggeschi ◽  
Sabrina Sarrocco ◽  
Giovanni Vannacci
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Head Blight

Trichoderma gamsii T6085 is a promising beneficial isolate whose effects consist of growth inhibition of the main agents causing Fusarium head blight, reduction of mycotoxin accumulation, competition for wheat debris, and reduction of the disease in both the lab and the field. Here, we present the first genome assembly of a T. gamsii isolate, providing a useful platform for the scientific community.

scholarly journals First Report on Identification of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Members from Turkey and Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Berna Tunalı ◽  
Emre Yörük ◽  
Özlem Sefer ◽  
Bayram Kansu ◽  
Bahram Sharifnabi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Β Tubulin

Fusarium graminearum species complex is the major Fusarium head blight disease pathogen in worldwide. Fusarium head blight disease lead to damages on small grain cereals. The identification of the F. graminearum species complex is important for improving disease control and management. Traditional identification methods such as macroscopy and microscopy analysis need to be supported by biochemical and genetics assays. Thus, DNA sequencing-based methods is one of the most preferred, reliable, low priced in the identification methods. In the study, 54 F. graminearum isolates obtained from diseased wheat, barley and corn fields in Turkey and Iran were identified by morphological characteristics and then characterized by species-specific SCAR marker. β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3 genes amplified, purified and then sequenced. The merged multiloci length was obtained as last of all 2215 bp. These sequencing results was used to multiloci genotyping assays. Last of all, 20 isolates were determined as F. graminearum sensu stricto by multiloci genotyping analysis. Remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum or Fusarium sp. . The findings are important in terms of revealing the first-time identification in Turkish and Iranian isolates as F. graminearum species complex members by amplification four (β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3) highly conserved DNA regions.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of spray nozzles efficacy in the control of fusarium head blight in the barley crops using developed quantitative PCR assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Oleh Hrytsev ◽  
Oleg Liudvinovskyi ◽  
Julia Shevchenko ◽  
Veronika Dzhagan ◽  
 Larysa Skivka
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Head Blight

Fusarium species infect cereal spikes during anthesis and cause Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease of cereal crops with worldwide economic relevance. The necessity for these phytopathogenic fungi effective control becomes increasingly important for the production of both cultivated plants and those plants seeds. Fungicide application is a key methodology for controlling the disease development and mycotoxin contamination in cereals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the most commonly admitted DNA-based technology for specific, rapid and precise Fusarium detection. We have developed and patented the method for detection and quantitative determination of phytopathogenic fungi F. avenaceum and F. graminearum in plant seeds using Real-Time PCR with a pair of primers, designed to amplify sequences of the internal transcribed spacer at the ribosomal RNA gene cluster of those phytopathogenic fungi. This study was aimed to perform a comparative assessment of the efficacy of different spray nozzles for antifungal treatment to control F. avenaceum and F. graminearum infection of barley grains using a developed qPCR diagnostic system. A single application of a fungicide (active ingredient's content: 250 g/l propiconazole, 80 g/l cyproconazole) at BBCH 65 (middle of flowering) was carried out. For this purpose, four spray nozzles with different technical characteristics were used: Flat Fan 030, Amistar 030, Defy 3D 030 and Vegetable 060 (Pentair, USA). DNA-based fungi detection and identification was performed using conventional PCR and developed qPCR. The level of mycotoxins in barley grain was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Grain count in the ear of barley and thousand seed weight (TSW) were also examined. A single application of the fungicide inhibited the development of FHB and is accompanied by the slight increase of TSW values in treated plants. It was found, that the most effective fungicide was against F. avenaceum and F. graminearum. The inhibitory effect depended on sprayer type. According to qPCR results, the best performance was achieved when using Amistar 030 and Flat Fan (FF) 030 sprayers. The average concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) content in all barley grain samples were up to 4 times higher than the permissible level. Overall, because of the high contamination levels, found in tested samples, it is possible to state that a single application of the fungicide at the flowering phase was not able to effectively reduce DON contamination in barley samples. The developed test-system for qPCR provides new important information in the study of the effectiveness of fungicides and development of strategies to control FHB in cereals, not achievable with conventional PCR.

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