scholarly journals Diagnosis of the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Ears on the Basis of Image and Spectral Feature Fusion

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsheng Huang ◽  
Taikun Li ◽  
Chuanlong Ding ◽  
Jinling Zhao ◽  
Dongyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Color Feature ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Fusion Features

Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most prevalent and damaging infection diseases of wheat, affects quality and safety of associated food. In this study, to realize the early accurate monitoring of FHB, a diagnostic model of disease severity was proposed based on the fusion features of image and spectral features. First, the hyperspectral image of FHB infected in the range of the 400–1000 nm spectrum was collected, and the color parameters of wheat ear and spot region were segmented based on image features. Twelve sensitive bands were extracted using the successive projection algorithm, gray-scale co-occurrence matrix, and RGB color model. Four texture features were extracted from each feature band image as texture variables, and nine color feature variables were extracted from R, G, and B component images. Texture features with high correlation and color features were selected to participate in the final model building parameters via correlation analysis. Finally, the particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) algorithm was used to build the model based on the diagnosis model of disease severity of FHB with different combinations of characteristic variables. The experimental results showed that the PSO-SVM model based on spectral and color feature fusion was optimal. Moreover, the accuracy of the training and prediction set was 95% and 92%, respectively. The method based on fusion features of image and spectral features can accurately and effectively diagnose the severity of FHB, thereby providing a technical basis for the timely and effective control of FHB and precise application of a pesticide.

scholarly journals Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Detection Using UAV-Based Spectral and Texture Features in Optimal Window Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2437
Author(s):  
Yingxin Xiao ◽  
Yingying Dong ◽  
Wenjiang Huang ◽  
Linyi Liu ◽  
Huiqin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Texture Feature ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Occurrence Matrix ◽  
Optimal Window

By combining the spectral and texture features of images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the accurate and timely detection of wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) can be realized. This study presents a methodology to select the optimal window size of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) to extract texture features from UAV images for FHB detection. Host conditions and the disease distribution were combined to construct the model, and its overall accuracy, sensitivity, and generalization ability were evaluated. First, the sensitive spectral features and bands of the UAV-derived hyperspectral images were obtained, and then texture features were selected. Subsequently, spectral features and texture features extracted from windows of different sizes were input to classify the area of severe FHB. According to the model comparison, the optimal window size was obtained. With the collinearity between features eliminated, the best performance of the logistic model reached, with an accuracy, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90, 0.79, and 0.79, respectively, when the window size of the GLCM was 5×5 pixels on May 3, and of 0.90, 0.83, and 0.82, respectively, when the size was 17×17 pixels on May 8. The results showed that the selection of an appropriate GLCM window size for texture feature extraction enabled more accurate disease detection.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum Possesses Virulence Factors Common to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Seedling Rot of Soybean but Differing in Their Impact on Disease Severity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Sella ◽  
Katia Gazzetti ◽  
Carla Castiglioni ◽  
Wilhelm Schäfer ◽  
Francesco Favaron
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Rot

Fusarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide. This fungus also causes damping-off and crown and root rots at the early stage of crop development in soybean cultivated in North and South America. Several F. graminearum genes were investigated for their contribution to FHB in cereals but no inherent study is reported for the dicotyledonous soybean host. In this study we determined the disease severity on soybean seedlings of five single gene disrupted mutants of F. graminearum, previously characterized in wheat spike infection. Three of these mutants are impaired on a specific function as the production of deoxynivalenol (DON, Δtri5), lipase (ΔFgl1), and xylanase (Δxyl03624), while the remaining two are MAP kinase mutants (ΔFgOS-2, Δgpmk1), which are altered in signaling pathways. The mutants that were reduced in virulence (Δtri5, ΔFgl1, and ΔFgOS-2) or are avirulent (Δgpmk1) on wheat were correspondently less virulent or avirulent in soybean seedlings, as shown by the extension of lesions and seedling lengths. The Δxyl03624 mutant was as virulent as the wild type mirroring the behavior observed in wheat. However, a different ranking of symptom severity occurred in the two hosts: the ΔFgOS-2 mutant, that infects wheat spikelets similarly to Δtri5 and ΔFgl1 mutants, provided much reduced symptoms in soybean. Differently from the other mutants, we observed that the ΔFgOS-2 mutant was several fold more sensitive to the glyceollin phytoalexin suggesting that its reduced virulence may be due to its hypersensitivity to this phytoalexin. In conclusion, lipase and DON seem important for full disease symptom development in soybean seedlings, OS-2 and Gpmk1 MAP kinases are essential for virulence, and OS-2 is involved in conferring resistance to the soybean phytoalexin.

scholarly journals Detection of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Ears Using Continuous Wavelet Analysis and PSO-SVM

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Linsheng Huang ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
Wenjiang Huang ◽  
Yingying Dong ◽  
Huiqin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Continuous Wavelet ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
Wavelet Features

Fusarium head blight, caused by a fungus, can cause quality deterioration and severe yield loss in wheat. It produces highly toxic deoxynivalenol, which is harmful to human and animal health. In order to quickly and accurately detect the severity of fusarium head blight, a method of detecting the disease using continuous wavelet analysis and particle swarm optimization support vector machines (PSO-SVM) is proposed in this paper. First, seven wavelet features for fusarium head blight detection were extracted using continuous wavelet analysis based on the hyperspectral reflectance of wheat ears. In addition, 16 traditional spectral features were selected using correlation analysis, including two continuous removal transformed spectral features, six differential spectral features, and eight vegetation indices. Finally, wavelet features and traditional spectral features were used as input features to construct fusarium head blight detection models in combination with the PSO-SVM algorithm, and the results were compared with those obtained using random forest (RF) and a back propagation neural network (BPNN). The results show that, under the same feature variables, the PSO-SVM detection method gave an overall higher accuracy than the BPNN detection method, while the overall accuracy of the RF detection model was the lowest. The overall accuracy of the RF, BPNN and PSO-SVM detection models with wavelet features was higher by 3.7%, 2.9% and 8.3% compared to the corresponding methodological models with traditional spectral features. The detection model with wavelet features combining the PSO-SVM algorithm gave the highest overall accuracies (93.5%) and kappa coefficients (0.903) in the six monitoring models. These results suggest that the PSO-SVM algorithm combined with continuous wavelet analysis can significantly improve the accuracy of fusarium head blight detection on the wheat ears scale.

scholarly journals Post-Anthesis Moisture Increased Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Levels in North Carolina Winter Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Jennifer Patton-Özkurt ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira ◽  
Leandro Perugini
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
First Year ◽  
Type I ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Screening Programs

Current models for forecasting Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in wheat are based on weather near anthesis, and breeding for resistance to FHB pathogens often relies on irrigation before and shortly after anthesis to encourage disease development. The effects of post-anthesis environmental conditions on FHB are poorly understood. We performed a field experiment at Kinston, NC, to explore the effects of increasing duration of post-anthesis moisture on disease incidence, disease severity, Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), percent infected kernels, and DON. The experiment had a split-plot design, and one trial was conducted in each of two successive years. Main plots consisted of post-anthesis mist durations of 0, 10, 20, or 30 days. Subplots were of eight cultivars in the first year and seven in the second year, two being susceptible to FHB and the remainder each with varying degrees of apparent type I and type II resistance. Plots were inoculated by spraying Fusarium graminearum macroconidia at mid-anthesis. Averaging across years and cultivars, 10 or 20 days of post-anthesis mist had the same effect (P ≥ 0.198) and were associated with an approximately fourfold increase in mean disease incidence and eightfold increase in disease severity compared with 0 days of mist (P ≤ 0.0002). In both years, mean FDK percentages at 0 and 10 days post-anthesis mist were the same and significantly lower than FDK percentages under 20 or 30 days of post-anthesis mist. Mist duration had a significant effect on percent kernels infected with Fusarium spp. as detected by a selective medium assay of 2007 samples. Averaging across all cultivars, in both years, DON levels increased significantly for 10 days compared with 0 days of mist, and increased again with 20 days of mist (P ≤ 0.04). This is the first investigation to show that extended post-flowering moisture can have a significant enhancing effect on FHB, FDK, DON, and percent infected kernels of wheat. For all disease and toxin assays, cultivar rankings were significantly noncorrelated among mist durations in at least 1 year, suggesting that FHB screening programs might rank genotypes differently under extended post-anthesis moisture than without it. Our findings also imply that accurate forecasts of DON in small grains must take account of post-anthesis weather conditions.

scholarly journals Two Different Inoculation Methods Unveiled the Relative Independence of DON Accumulation in Wheat Kernels from Disease Severity on Spike after Infection by Fusarium Head Blight

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Chen Hua ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Zhengxi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes wheat yield loss and mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) accumulation in wheat kernel. Developing wheat cultivars with overall resistance to both FHB spread within a spike and DON accumulation in kernels is crucial for ensuring food security and food safety. Here, two relatively novel inoculation methods, bilateral floret inoculation (BFI) and basal rachis internode injection (BRII), were simultaneously employed to evaluate disease severity and DON content in kernels in a segregating population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from Ning 7840 (carrying Fhb1) and Clark (without Fhb1). Under both inoculation methods, four contrasting combinations of disease severity and DON content were identified: high severity/high DON (HSHD), high severity/low DON (HSLD), low severity/high DON (LSHD) and low severity/low DON (LSLD). Unexpectedly, the BRII method clearly indicated that disease severity was not necessarily relevant to DON concentration. The effects of Fhb1 on disease severity, and on DON concentrations, agreed very well across the two methods. Several lines carrying Fhb1 showed extremely higher severity and (or) DON content under both inoculation methods. The “Mahalanobis distance” (MD) method was used to rate overall resistance of a line by inclusion of both disease severity and DON content over both methods to select LSLD lines.

scholarly journals Amylose-Free (“waxy”) Wheat Colonization by Fusarium spp. and Response to Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-983
Author(s):  
Deanna L. Funnell-Harris ◽  
Robert A. Graybosch ◽  
Patrick M. O’Neill ◽  
Zachary T. Duray ◽  
Stephen N. Wegulo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Waxy Wheat ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions

Hexaploid waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has null mutations in Wx genes and grain lacking amylose with increased digestibility and usability for specialty foods. The waxy cultivar Mattern is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex, which produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). In experiment 1, conducted during low natural FHB, grain from waxy breeding lines, Mattern, and wild-type breeding lines and cultivars were assessed for Fusarium infection and DON concentration. Nine Fusarium species and species complexes were detected from internally infected (disinfested) grain; F. graminearum infections were not different between waxy and wild-type. Surface- and internally infected grain (nondisinfested) had greater numbers of Fusarium isolates across waxy versus wild-type, but F. graminearum-like infections were similar; however, DON levels were higher in waxy. In experiment 2, conducted during a timely epidemic, disease severity, Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), and DON were assessed for waxy breeding lines, Mattern, and wild-type cultivars. Disease severity and FDK were not significantly different from wild-type, but DON was higher in waxy than wild-type lines. Across both experiments, waxy breeding lines, Plant Introductions 677876 and 677877, responded similarly to FHB as moderately resistant wild-type cultivar Overland, showing promise for breeding advanced waxy cultivars with reduced FHB susceptibility.

scholarly journals Improved Whole-Genome Sequence of Fusarium meridionale, the Fungal Pathogen Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Total Size ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) cause extensive yield losses in cereal production worldwide and food safety concerns due to the accumulation of Fusarium toxins in infected grains. Among these pathogens, F. meridionale is responsible for Fusarium head blight of wheat and rice, ear and stalk rot of maize, and pod blight of soybean. Here, we present an improved genome assembly of F. meridionale strain SR5 isolated from rice in China based on PacBio long-read sequencing and Illumina short-read sequencing technology. The assembled genome of SR5 has a total size of 36.82 Mb, an N50 scaffold length of 7.82 Mb, 9 scaffolds and encodes 12,409 predicted genes. These high-quality data expand FGSC genomic resources and provide a valuable resource for better understanding their genetic diversity and the molecular basis of pathogenesis, which will facilitate the development of an effective control strategy.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of spray nozzles efficacy in the control of fusarium head blight in the barley crops using developed quantitative PCR assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Oleh Hrytsev ◽  
Oleg Liudvinovskyi ◽  
Julia Shevchenko ◽  
Veronika Dzhagan ◽  
 Larysa Skivka
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Head Blight

Fusarium species infect cereal spikes during anthesis and cause Fusarium head blight (FHB), a destructive disease of cereal crops with worldwide economic relevance. The necessity for these phytopathogenic fungi effective control becomes increasingly important for the production of both cultivated plants and those plants seeds. Fungicide application is a key methodology for controlling the disease development and mycotoxin contamination in cereals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the most commonly admitted DNA-based technology for specific, rapid and precise Fusarium detection. We have developed and patented the method for detection and quantitative determination of phytopathogenic fungi F. avenaceum and F. graminearum in plant seeds using Real-Time PCR with a pair of primers, designed to amplify sequences of the internal transcribed spacer at the ribosomal RNA gene cluster of those phytopathogenic fungi. This study was aimed to perform a comparative assessment of the efficacy of different spray nozzles for antifungal treatment to control F. avenaceum and F. graminearum infection of barley grains using a developed qPCR diagnostic system. A single application of a fungicide (active ingredient's content: 250 g/l propiconazole, 80 g/l cyproconazole) at BBCH 65 (middle of flowering) was carried out. For this purpose, four spray nozzles with different technical characteristics were used: Flat Fan 030, Amistar 030, Defy 3D 030 and Vegetable 060 (Pentair, USA). DNA-based fungi detection and identification was performed using conventional PCR and developed qPCR. The level of mycotoxins in barley grain was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Grain count in the ear of barley and thousand seed weight (TSW) were also examined. A single application of the fungicide inhibited the development of FHB and is accompanied by the slight increase of TSW values in treated plants. It was found, that the most effective fungicide was against F. avenaceum and F. graminearum. The inhibitory effect depended on sprayer type. According to qPCR results, the best performance was achieved when using Amistar 030 and Flat Fan (FF) 030 sprayers. The average concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) content in all barley grain samples were up to 4 times higher than the permissible level. Overall, because of the high contamination levels, found in tested samples, it is possible to state that a single application of the fungicide at the flowering phase was not able to effectively reduce DON contamination in barley samples. The developed test-system for qPCR provides new important information in the study of the effectiveness of fungicides and development of strategies to control FHB in cereals, not achievable with conventional PCR.

scholarly journals Selection and Evaluation of Microorganisms for Biocontrol of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Incited by Gibberella zeae

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Khan ◽  
D. A. Schisler ◽  
M. J. Boehm ◽  
P. J. Slininger ◽  
R. J. Bothast
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Bacillus Strains

Gibberella zeae incites Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. Of over 700 microbial strains obtained from wheat anthers, 54 were able to utilize tartaric acid as a carbon source when the compound was supplied as choline bitartrate in liquid culture. Four tartaric acid-utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced FHB in initial tests and were selected for further assays. Antagonists were effective against three different isolates of G. zeae when single wheat florets were inoculated with pathogen and antagonist inoculum. All seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight when applied simultaneously with G. zeae isolate Z3639 (P ≤ 0.05). Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively. Five antagonists increased 100-kernel weight of plants inoculated with G. zeae isolate DAOM 180378. All antagonists except one increased 100-kernel weight, and four of seven antagonists reduced disease severity (P ≤ 0.05) when tested against G. zeae isolate Fg-9-96. In spray-inoculation experiments, Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity, regardless of the sequence, timing, and concentration of inoculum application (P ≤ 0.05), though 100-kernel weight did not always increase when antagonists were applied 4 h after inoculum of G. zeae. Overall, 4 of 54 isolates that utilized tartaric acid in vitro were effective against G. zeae versus only 3 of 170 isolates tested that did not utilize tartaric acid (P ≤ 0.05, χ-square test of goodness of fit), demonstrating the potential benefit of prescreening candidate antagonists of FHB for their ability to utilize tartaric acid. Biological control shows promise as part of an integrated pest management program for managing FHB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document