scholarly journals A Novel Sulfone Derivative Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Controls Tea Plant Disease through Inhibiting Lasiodiplodia theobromae Proliferation by Reducing the Ergosterol Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingtao Bao ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Shilong Jiang ◽  
Jinping Zhao ◽  
Wang Delu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Anti Fungal

Diseases caused by fungi can affect the quality and yield of the leaves of tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze]. At present, the availability of highly effective and safe fungicides for controlling tea plants remains limited. The objectives of this study were to identify novel compounds with anti-fungal activities and to determine their molecular mechanisms. A series of sulfone compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were evaluated in China for their anti-fungal activities against several pathogens causing foliar diseases and high production losses. Transcriptomics and bioinformatics were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes of Lasiodiplodia theobromae treated with a representative compound, Jiahuangxianjunzuo (JHXJZ). Moreover, the effects of JHXJZ on ergosterol content, membrane permeability, cell structure and seven key genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway were investigated. JHXJZ had a strong anti-fungal activity against L. theobromae in vitro, with an EC50 of 3.54 ± 0.55 µg/mL, and its curative efficacies on detached tea leaves reached 41.78% at 100 µg/mL, respectively. JHXJZ up-regulated 899 genes (P < 0.05) and down-regulated 1,185 genes (P < 0.05) in L. theobromae. These genes were found to be associated with carbohydrate metabolic processes, which are closely related to steroid biosynthesis in the KEGG pathways. Because JHXJZ regulates the key genes of sterol biosynthesis, it decreased the ergosterol content, increased cell-membrane permeability, changed the cellular structure, the enhanced roughness of surface of the hyphae, and resulted in degradation of the hyphal nuclei and necrosis of the hyphal cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Effects of triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide and tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide on cellular permeability in patients with hereditary cellular membrane hyperpermeability

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
O V Orlova ◽  
V N Oslopov ◽  
S A Sidullina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Genetically Determined

Aim. Comparative analysis of effects of novel biologically active agents: triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide and tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide on cell membrane permeability for sodium by determination of of Na +-Li +-countertransport speed in erythrocyte membrane at patients with genetically determined high membrane permeability for sodium. Methods. Blood samples of 8 healthy volunteers who were classified as persons belonging to IV population quartile according to Na +-Li +-counter-transport speed in erythrocyte membrane, i.e. persons with high membrane permeability, were studied. Effects of different concentrations of triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide and tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide (known by antibacterial and antifungal action) on Na +-Li +-counter-transport speed in erythrocyte membrane in vitro according to the method proposed by M. Canessa et al. Results. Effect of triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide (С 14) and tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide (С 16) on cell membrane permeability for sodium depends on the genetically determined baseline cell membrane state. С 14reduced the erythrocyte membrane permeability for sodium in studied patients belonging to IV quartile of Na +-Li +-counter-transport speed if administered in a concentration of 0.05 μm. C 16increased membrane permeability for sodium in the same group if administered in concentrations of 0.001 and 0.005 μm. Thus, tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide is better suitable for designing a drug with antibacterial and antifungal action for patients belonging to IV quartile of Na +-Li +-counter-transport speed, if Na +-Li +-counter-transport speed reduction is wanted. If Na +-Li +-counter-transport speed increase is wanted, triphenyltetradecylphosphonium bromide is better suitable. Conclusion. Cand Csubstances affect cell membrane permeability for sodium in patients with genetically determined high membrane permeability for sodium.

scholarly journals LtEPG1, a Secretory Endopolygalacturonase Protein, Regulates the Virulence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Vitis vinifera and Is Recognized as a Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727-1736
Author(s):  
K. W. Thilini Chethana ◽  
Junbo Peng ◽  
Xinghong Li ◽  
Qikai Xing ◽  
Mei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The Lasiodiplodia theobromae genome encodes numerous glycoside hydrolases involved in organic matter degradation and conducive to pathogen infection, whereas their molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we identified the glycoside hydrolase family 28 endopolygalacturonase LtEPG1 in L. theobromae and characterized its function in detail. LtEPG1 acts as a virulence factor during L. theobromae infection. Overexpression and silencing of LtEPG1 in L. theobromae led to significantly increased and decreased lesion areas, respectively. Further, the high transcript level of LtEPG1 during the infection process supported its virulence function. Polygalacturonase activity of LtEPG1 was substantiated by detecting its ability to degrade pectin. Furthermore, LtEPG1 functioned as microbe-associated molecular patterns during the infection process. Both transient expression of LtEPG1 in planta and infiltration of purified LtEPG1 triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Site-directed mutation of LtEPG1 indicated that the enzymatic activity of LtEPG1 is independent from its elicitor activity. A protein kinase, KINβ1, was shown to interact in the yeast two‐hybrid system with LtEPG1. This interaction was further confirmed in vitro using a pull-down assay. Our data indicate that LtEPG1 functions as a polygalacturonase and also serves as an elicitor with two independent mechanisms. Moreover, LtEPG1 may be able to manipulate host immune responses by regulating the KINβ1-mediated signal pathway and consequently promote its own successful infection and symptom development.

scholarly journals Virulent Shigella flexneri Causes Damage to Mitochondria and Triggers Necrosis in Infected Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Koterski ◽  
Massoumeh Nahvi ◽  
Malabi M. Venkatesan ◽  
Beatrice Haimovich
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Vital Dyes

ABSTRACT Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery in humans that is characterized by an acute inflammatory response of the colon. The fate of phagocytes that are infected in vitro with virulent Shigella has been the subject of some investigation and debate. In this study we found that virulent Shigella caused a rapid increase in the cell membrane permeability of infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) but not in the cell membrane permeability of monocytes, as demonstrated by the uptake of fluorescent vital dyes. Within 2 h of infection, 59% ± 6% of the HMDM and ≤4% of the monocytes were stained with propidium iodide. Treatment of the cells with the inhibitors of caspases YVAD and zVAD, the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole, or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, diphenyleniodonium, did not alter the infection outcome. Importantly, we found that virulent Shigella caused a rapid drop in the ATP level to about 50% in infected HMDM. Furthermore, using a combination of fluorescent vital dyes and mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dyes, we observed that cells that exhibited a permeable cell membrane were not stained by the mitochondrion-specific dyes, indicating that the mitochondrial membrane potential was lost in these cells. We also observed infected cells that were not stained with either type of dye, indicating that the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential preceded the increase in cell membrane permeability. Taken together, our studies showed that virulent Shigella flexneri targets the host cell mitochondria for destruction. This activity may account for the necrotic cell death precipitated by these pathogens.

scholarly journals Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Increases the Adhesion of Lactobacillus reuteri to Host Mucin to Enhance Probiotic Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9756
Author(s):  
Zhaoxi Deng ◽  
Tian Dai ◽  
Wenming Zhang ◽  
Junli Zhu ◽  
Xin M. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Surface

The ability to adhere to the intestinal mucus layer is an important property of probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus reuteri strains ZJ615 and ZJ617 show low and high adhesion, respectively, to intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we quantified bacterial cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (cw-GAPDH) and bacterial cell membrane permeability in both strains using immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Highly adhesive L. reuteri ZJ617 possessed significantly more cw-GAPDH, higher cell membrane permeability, and significantly higher adhesive ability toward mucin compared with low-adhesive L. reuteri ZJ615. In vitro adhesion studies and analysis of interaction kinetics using the Octet, the system revealed significantly decreased interaction between L. reuteri and mucin when mucin was oxidized when bacterial surface proteins were removed when bacteria were heat-inactivated at 80 °C for 30 min, and when the interaction was blocked with an anti-GAPDH antibody. SWISS-MODEL analysis suggested intensive interactions between mucin glycans (GalNAcα1-O-Ser, GalNAcαSer, and Galβ3GalNAc) and GAPDH. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed significantly higher numbers of bacteria adhering to the jejunum, ileum, and colon of piglets orally inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ617 compared with those inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ615; this led to a significantly decreased rate of diarrhea in piglets inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ617. In conclusion, there are strong correlations among the abundance of cw-GAPDH in L. reuteri, the ability of the bacterium to adhere to the host, and the health benefits of this probiotic.

scholarly journals Identification of CDCA8, DSN1 and BIRC5 in Regulating Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Using Bioinformatics and Cell Biology

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382096560
Author(s):  
Qinwen Li ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Limma Package ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Cycle Regulation

Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone, although some molecular markers have been identified, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma are currently not fully understood. In the present study, we attempted to identify the potential key genes and pathways in osteosarcoma using bioinformatics analysis. Methods: GSE14359 was downloaded from the GEO database, and analyzed using Limma package. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed in the DAVID database, followed by the construction of a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network with software Cytoscape, subnetwork modules were subsequently identified and analyzed, and further validation in human osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cells line was performed. Results: 964 Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, of which 222 were up-regulated and 742 were down-regulated. Among them, 10 genes (including BIRC5, MAD2L1, Bub1, DSN1, SPC24, CDCA8, STAG2, CENPA, MLF1IP and Mis12) were identified as hub genes and they were mainly enriched in pathways, including mRNA surveillance, RNA transport and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Further validation indicated 6 gene (DSN1, BIRC5, CDCA8, MLF1IP, MAD2L1 and SPC24) is highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues. Among them, CDCA8, DSN1 and BIRC5 significantly promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In terms of mechanism, DSN1 and CDCA8 were mainly involved in cell cycle regulation, while BIRC5 was mainly involved in the regulation of apoptosis pathway. Conclusions: We identified some key genes and pathways in osteosarcoma, which might be used as molecular targets or diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of osteosarcoma.

scholarly journals The effect of new quaternary phosphonium salts with highest alkyl substituents on the permeability of cell membranes for sodium ions in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-507
Author(s):  
O V Orlova ◽  
V N Oslopov ◽  
S A Sidullina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

Aim. To assess the effect of newly synthesized quaternary phosphonium salts with highest alkyl substituents (C10, C12, C14, C16, C18) on the permeability of cell membranes for sodium ions in vitro. Methods. In vitro studied was the effect of different concentrations of new quaternary phosphonium salts with highest alkyl substituents on the cell membrane permeability to sodium ions according to the rate of Na+-Li+-countertransport in the erythrocyte membrane. Results. Low concentration (0.001 mM) of substance C10 increased the rate of Na+-Li+-countertransport in the erythrocyte membrane by 11.9%, substance C12 - by 11.8%, substance C14 - by 12.7%, substance C16 - by 13%, substance C18 - by 12.3%. Higher concentrations of substances (0.01-0.05 mM) had no significant effect on the cell membrane permeability to sodium ions. Conclusion. An increase in the rate of Na+-Li+-countertransport in the erythrocyte membrane is influenced by minimal concentrations of a substance, under the influence of other concentrations the rate of Na+-Li+-countertransport doe not change.

Sarcolemmal permeability changes during early myocardial anoxia

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
L. Landa ◽  
L. Nimmo ◽  
C. M. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sarcolemmal Permeability ◽  
Membrane Changes

Following coronary artery occlusion, the myocardial cells lose intracellular enzymes that appear in the serum 3 hrs later. By this time the cells in the ischemic zone have already undergone irreversible changes, and the cell membrane permeability is variably altered in the ischemic cells. At certain stages or intervals the cell membrane changes, allowing release of cytoplasmic enzymes. To correlate the changes in cell membrane permeability with the enzyme release, we used colloidal lanthanum (La+++) as a histological permeability marker in the isolated perfused hearts. The hearts removed from sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with standard Krebs-Henseleit medium gassed with 95% O2 + 5% CO2. The hypoxic medium contained mannitol instead of dextrose and was bubbled with 95% N2 + 5% CO2. The final osmolarity of the medium was 295 M osmol, pH 7. 4.

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