scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Rust by Puccinia triticina on Wheat in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Deadman ◽  
A. Al Sa'di ◽  
Y. Al Maqbali ◽  
M. C. Aime
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
American Phytopathological Society ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivated for forage and grain production, is an important crop in the Sultanate of Oman. In April 2005, leaf samples of an unknown local variety showing rust symptoms were collected from Rustaq, 100 km southwest of Muscat. Circular-to-oval, red-brown pustules, typical of uredinia, occurred mostly on the upper surface of leaves on plants nearing maturity. Telia with teliospores were observed on leaf sheaths. The disease was widespread in many fields and was likely to be limiting the yield. Urediniospores typical of Puccinia triticina Erikss. (=P. recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici) were roughly subglobose, measuring 18 to 28 × 20 to 25 μm, echinulate, with 3 to 8 scattered germ pores; teliospores were 2-celled, 34 to 50 × 15 to 17 μm, apex is chestnut brown, lower cell is light yellow, no germ pores (1,2). Pathogen identity was confirmed by nuclear ribosomal large subunit and internal transcribed spacer region-2 DNA analysis (voucher sequence deposited in GenBank, Accession No. DQ664194, voucher specimens deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections, BPI 872158 and 872159). Wheat is grown during the winter months in Oman and harvested in May. Although the disease was observed again in 2006, pathogen survival mechanisms are not presently clear, and current research is attempting to confirm its presence on alternate hosts, including grass weeds, and determine the distribution of the pathogen on local wheat land races and imported varieties. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of P. triticina on wheat in Oman. Reference: (1) D. B. O. Savile. Fungi Can. 309:1, 1986. (2) M V Wiese. Compendium of Wheat Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1987.

scholarly journals First Report of Rust Caused by Puccinia nakanishikii on Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus, in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
R. C. Ploetz ◽  
A. J. Palmateer ◽  
P. Lopez ◽  
M. C. Aime
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
The Tropics

Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (Poaceae), is grown widely in the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental, flavoring ingredient in Asian cooking, and for tea and fragrant oil (3). In February 2013, rust symptoms were observed on lemongrass in several gardens in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Symptoms began as small chlorotic flecks on both leaf surfaces that became crimson and enlarged to streaks ~1 cm in length. On the abaxial side of leaves, erumpent streaks ruptured to produce pustules in which urediniospores formed. Eventually, streaks coalesced to produce large patches of tan to purplish necrotic tissue that blighted most of the leaf surface and was often surrounded by chlorotic borders. These symptoms, fungal morphology, and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) DNA analysis were used to identify the pathogen as Puccinia nakanishikii Dietel. Urediniospores were pyriform to globose, orange to crimson, slightly echinulate, and somewhat longer than a previous report (32.1 ± 3.4 (27 to 42) × 23.3 ± 2.4 (21 to 27) μm vs. 22 to 28 × 22 to 25 μm) (2). Uredinia contained clavate paraphyses, but teliospores were not observed. No aecial host is known for this pathogen. A 28S DNA sequence that was generated with the NL1 and LR3 primers (1,4) was deposited in GenBank under accession no. KC990123; it shared 99% identity with GenBank accession GU058002, which came from a specimen of P. nakanishikii in Hawaii. Voucher specimens of affected leaves of lemongrass have been deposited at the Arthur Herbarium, Purdue University. Although this disease has been reported in California, Hawaii, New Zealand, and Thailand, this is believed to be the first report from Florida (2). Based on rainfall and temperature conditions that are conducive to its development in South Florida, it has the potential to significantly reduce the health and production of this plant in area gardens. References: (1) C. P. Kurtzman and C. J. Robnett. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 73:331. 1998. (2) S. Nelson. Rust of Lemongrass. Univ. Hawaii PD-57, 2008. (3) USDA, ARS, GRIN Online Database. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?12797 , accessed 25 April 2013. (4) R. Vilgalys and M. Hester. J Bacteriol. 172:4238, 1990.

scholarly journals First Report of Puccinia sorghi on Maize in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Deadman ◽  
A. Al Sa'di ◽  
Y. Al Maqbali ◽  
S. Livingston ◽  
M. C. Aime
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important annual forage crop cultivated in the Sultanate of Oman, especially during the summer months. It is used for green fodder and grains and often intercropped in fruit orchards, especially under date palms. In April of 2005, leaf samples showing rust symptoms were collected from Samail, 100 km south of Muscat. Oval-shaped, red-brown pustules covered both sides of the leaves and yielded urediniospores typical of Puccinia sorghi Schwein. Urediniospores were roughly subglobose, measured 23 to 28 × 20 to 25 μm, echinulate, with three or four equitorial germ pores (2). Teliospores (38 to 42 × 16 to 19 μm) were observed, but few in numbers, most probably because of the time of year of collection. Pathogen identity was confirmed by nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) and internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2) DNA analysis (voucher sequence deposited in GenBank, Accession No. DQ345724, voucher specimen deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections, BPI 871134). P. sorghi has previously been reported from Yemen and Saudi Arabia (1) but not from Oman. Maize is grown throughout the year in Oman, and pathogen survival probably does not require the presence of the alternate host, nonetheless, Oxalis species are present and current research is attempting to locate and confirm the presence of the aecial stage in Oman. References: (1) CMI Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 279. Ed. 4. CABI, Wallingford, UK, 1978. (2) D. G. White, ed. Compendium of Corn Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1999.

UN MÉTODO PRECISO PARA MEDIR SEVERIDAD DE ROYA DE LA HOJA (Puccinia triticina Eriksson) EN TRIGO

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos P. Sauceda-Acosta ◽  
Gabriel A. Lugo-García ◽  
Héctor E. Villaseñor-Mir ◽  
Leopoldo Partida-Ruvalcaba ◽  
Álvaro Reyes-Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Para Determinar

La estimación visual de la severidad de una enfermedad es subjetiva y no repetible, por lo que se requiere investigar métodos alternos que midan con exactitud la superficie dañada de un órgano vegetal. En este estudio se desarrolló una metodología para medir la severidad de la roya de la hoja (Puccinia triticina Eriksson) en trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cvs. INIA F-66, Jupateco-73R, Morocco, Sonora F-64 y WL-711, con base en análisis de imágenes digitales (AID). Con el AID se calculó el porcentaje real de área foliar dañada por la enfermedad (MED, %), y se comparó con la metodología visual (EST, %) para estimar la severidad, realizada por tres evaluadores en dos muestreos con 10 repeticiones. La imagen de las hojas se obtuvo con escáner, AID se realizó y automatizó con el programa ImageJ 1.48r. Se midió el área foliar (AS, mm2), área dañada (AD, mm2), número (NTL), tamaño (TAM, mm2) y forma de las lesiones. Se calculó número de lesiones por cm2 (LPC) y la MED. Los métodos estuvieron correlacionados entre sí (rs = 0.86, P ≤ 0.0001); aunque EST carece de exactitud. Las severidades determinadas por los evaluadores y con el AID fueron diferentes (K-W ≈ X2 = 21.73, P ≤ 0.05). Los cultivares mostraron diferencias en MED y EST (P ≤ 0.001); pero los evaluadores sobrestimaron EST cuando el AD fue menor a 19 % y al rebasar este nivel la subestimaron. Morocco presentó la mayor MED (49.4 %). Jupateco-73R y Sonora F-64 tuvieron las menores NTL, TAM y LPC (P ≤ 0.001). Las ventajas de usar el AID son: permite discriminar entre AD y área sana, requiere menos de 1 min para determinar variables relacionadas con la severidad de roya. Este método presenta repetitividad, reduce el error experimental y la subjetividad.

scholarly journals Lr19 Resistance in Wheat Becomes Susceptible to Puccinia triticina in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1360-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
M. Prashar ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
S. K. Jain ◽  
D. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Slow Rusting

Lr19, a resistance gene originally transferred from Agropyron elongatum to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), has remained effective worldwide against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) except in Mexico (1). This report records a new pathotype of P. triticina virulent on Lr19 from India. From 2003 to 2004, 622 wheat leaf rust samples from 14 states were subjected to pathotype analysis. Samples were established on susceptible wheat cv. Agra Local, and pathotypes were identified on three sets of differentials following binomial nomenclature (3). Virulence on Lr19 (Agatha T4 line) was observed in approximately 2% of samples. These samples were picked from Lr19 (NIL), cvs. Ajit, Lal Bahadur, Local Red, Lok1, and Nirbhay from Karnataka and Gujarat states. All Lr19 virulent isolates were identical. The reference culture is being maintained on susceptible wheat cv. Agra Local and has also been put under long-term storage in a national repository at Flowerdale. From 2004 to 2005, this pathotype was detected in 6.3% of samples from central and peninsular India. There is no wheat variety with Lr19 under cultivation in India, however, it is being used in wheat breeding programs targeted at building resistance against leaf and stem rusts. NIL's Lr19/Sr25 (LC25) and Lr19/Sr25 (82.2711) were also susceptible to this isolate, whereas Lr19/Sr25 (spring accession) was resistant. The new isolate, designated as 253R31 (77-8), appears to be close to the pathotype 109R31 (4) with additional virulence for Lr19. The avirulence/virulence formula of pathotype 253R31 is Lr9, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27+31, 28, 29, 32, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45/Lr1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14a, 14b, 14ab, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22a, 22b, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 48, and 49. To our knowledge, this is the first report of virulence on Lr19 from two states of India. On international rust differentials, it is designated as TGTTQ (2), and is different from CBJ/QQ (1), the other isolate reported virulent on Lr19 from Mexico. The Mexican isolate is avirulent on Lr1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3ka, 16, 21, and 30 to which the Indian isolate is virulent. However, both isolates are avirulent on Lr9, 24, 26, 36, and Lr42. Among the wheat cultivars identified during the last 6 years, HD2824, HD2833, HD2864, HI1500, HS375, HUW 510, HW 2044, HW 5001, Lok 45, MACS 6145, MP4010, NW 2036, PBW 443, PBW 498, PBW 502, PBW 524, Raj 4037, UP 2565, VL 804, VL 829, and VL 832 and lines of wheat possessing Lr9, Lr23, Lr24, and Lr26 showed resistance to this pathotype. PBW 343, which occupies more than 5 million ha in India, is also resistant to this pathotype along with PBW 373. An integrated strategy using a combination of diverse resistance genes, deployment of cultivars by using pathotype distribution data, slow rusting, and adult plant resistance is in place to curtail selection of new pathotypes and prevent rust epiphytotics. References: (1) J. Huerta-Espino and R. P. Singh. Plant Dis. 78:640,1994. (2) D. V. Mc Vey et al. Plant Dis. 88:271, 2004. (3) S. Nagarajan et al. Curr. Sci. 52:413, 1983. (4) S. K. Nayar et al. Curr. Sci. 44:742, 1975.

scholarly journals Characterization and Phylogeny of Fungi from Industrial Wastewater Using Highly Conserved Multiple Gene Loci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Amaka Ezeonuegbu ◽  
Dauda Abdullahi Machido ◽  
Clement Z. Whong ◽  
Wisdom S. Japhet ◽  
Clement Ameh Yaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fungal Dna Extraction

Abstract The aim of this study was isolation and molecular characterization of fungi from untreated industrial effluent by multigene phylogenetic analyses. The Fungi isolated were characterized based on PCR amplification and genomic sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (Ben A), calmodulin (CaM), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization and species diversity. Fungal DNA extraction kits and primers sets for the selected genes were purchased and used following the manufacturer’s instructions. The obtained sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and the corresponding fungal isolates were assigned species names after comparison with representative sequences available in GenBank. All the sequences from this study were deposited in GenBank and the accession number assigned. Phylogenetic trees of the fungal isolates were drawn for each gene by the Maximum Likelihood method using MEGA 7.0 software. Fifteen (15) Fungi species belonging to four genera of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Trichoderma with Aspergillus as the predominant genus were identified.

Amanita mansehraensis, a new species in section Vaginatae from Pakistan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 409 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALKA SABA ◽  
DANNY HAELEWATERS ◽  
MUHAMMAD FIAZ ◽  
ABDUL NASIR KHALID ◽  
DONALD H. PFISTER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Bayesian Inferences ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Amanita subgenus Amanita sect. Vaginatae is described and illustrated based on material collected in pine forests in district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw, Pakistan. Amanita mansehraensis is recognized by the presence of a light brown or light greyish olive pileus with strong brown or deep brown pileus center; non-appendiculate, rimose, sulcate or plicate striate pileus margin; subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores; and a saccate volva. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU) were used for the delimitation of this species based on sequence data. The evolutionary relationships of A. mansehraensis with other species of Amanita were inferred by means of Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inferences of the nrLSU dataset and concatenated ITS+nrLSU dataset. Amanita mansehraensis is most closely related to A. brunneofuliginea, A. pseudovaginata, and the recently described A. glarea.

Identification of hypocrealean reptile pathogenic isolates with MALDI-TOF MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-702
Author(s):  
Juliane Schneider ◽  
Tilo Heydel ◽  
Michael Pees ◽  
Wieland Schrödl ◽  
Volker Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Biotyper analysis of Nannizziopsis guarroi, a fatal fungal pathogen in lizards, was described recently. Hypocrealean fungal infections in captive reptiles appear with an increasing frequency during the last decade. Therefore, the aim of this study was to proof Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as diagnostic tool for the identification of reptile pathogenic hypocrealean fungi. Ten fungal isolates obtained from nine reptiles with fungal glossitis, disseminated visceral mycosis, pneumomycosis, and fungal keratitis were analyzed. Phylogeny consisted of fragments of the large subunit of nuclear encoded ribosomal DNA (D1/D2, LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer region 1 of nuclear encoded ribosomal DNA (ITS1) as well as the protein coding gene translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF). Results revealed unanimously two Metarhizium granulomatis genotypes in a total of three isolates, various M. viride genotypes (n = 3), two different Purpureocillium lilacinum isolates as well as one isolate of each P. lavendulum and Beauveria bassiana. Purpureocillium lilacinum and B. bassiana are likewise frequently employed as a mycoinsecticide and mycoacaricide in agriculture on a worldwide scale and have occasionally been reported in man, causing fungal keratitis, sclerokeratitis, nosocomial infections in immunosuppressed patients, as well as cavitary pulmonary disease and cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis in immunocompetent patients. According to the results establishment of Biotyper analysis for faster differentiation of reptile-associated fungal pathogens is entirely justified.

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) mediated RNAi in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) prompting host susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Summi Dutta ◽  
Shailendra Kumar Jha ◽  
Kumble Vinod Prabhu ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Kunal Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Host Susceptibility

Ogataea kolombanensis sp. nov., Ogataea histrianica sp. nov. and Ogataea deakii sp. nov., three novel yeast species from plant sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 3115-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neža Čadež ◽  
Dénes Dlauchy ◽  
Peter Raspor ◽  
Gábor Péter
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Lsu Rrna

Nine methanol-assimilating yeast strains isolated from olive oil sediments in Slovenia, extra virgin olive oil from Italy and rotten wood collected in Hungary were found to form three genetically separated groups, distinct from the currently recognized yeast species. Sequence analysis from genes of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA, internal transcribed spacer region/5.8S rRNA, large subunit (LSU) rRNA D1/D2 domains and translational elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) revealed that the three closely related groups represent three different undescribed yeast species. Sequence analysis of the LSU rRNA gene D1/D2 domains placed the novel species in the Ogataea clade. The three novel species are designated as Ogataea kolombanensis sp. nov. (type strain: ZIM 2322T = CBS 12778T = NRRL Y-63657T), Ogataea histrianica sp. nov. (type strain: ZIM 2463T = CBS 12779T = NRRL Y-63658T) and Ogataea deakii sp. nov. (type strain: NCAIM Y.01896T = CBS 12735T = NRRL Y-63656T).

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