scholarly journals A Novel Penicillium sp. Causes Rot in Stored Sugar Beet Roots in Idaho

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1781-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Frank Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Storage Study ◽  
Sugar Beet Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
A New Species

Penicillium vulpinum along with a number of other fungi can lead to rot of stored sugar beet roots. However, Penicillium isolates associated with necrotic lesions on roots from a recent sugar beet storage study were determined to be different from P. vulpinum and other recognized Penicillium species. Phylogenies based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S, β-tubulin (BenA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) DNA regions indicate that these isolates are novel, but most closely related to the following Penicillium spp. in the section Fasiculata: P. aurantiogriseum, P. camemberti, and P. freii. Macro- and micromorphological data also support designating these isolates as a new species for which we propose the name, Penicillium cellarum sp. nov. Inoculation studies with the P. cellarum isolates on roots of the commercial sugar beet cultivar B-7 led to the formation of necrotic lesions 23 to 25 mm in diameter after 86 days in storage. These lesions were similar to those observed on sugar beet roots in commercial storage piles. These data indicate that P. cellarum is a pathogen which can cause root rot in stored sugar beet roots.

scholarly journals Influence of Harvest Timing, Fungicides, and Beet necrotic yellow vein virus on Sugar Beet Storage

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1296-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Oliver Neher ◽  
Eugene Rearick ◽  
Imad A. Eujayl
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Phoma Betae ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Sucrose Loss

Root rots in sugar beet storage can lead to multimillion dollar losses because of reduced sucrose recovery. Thus, studies were conducted to establish additional fungicide treatments for sugar beet storage and a greater understanding of the fungi involved in the sugar beet storage rot complex in Idaho. A water control treatment and three fungicides (Mertect [product at 0.065 ml/kg of roots; 42.3% thiabendazole {vol/vol}], Propulse [product at 0.049 ml/kg of roots; 17.4% fluopyram and 17.4% prothioconazole {vol/vol}], and Stadium [product at 0.13 ml/kg of roots; 12.51% azoxystrobin, 12.51% fludioxonil, and 9.76% difenoconozole {vol/vol}]) were investigated for the ability to control fungal rots of sugar beet roots held up to 148 days in storage during the 2012 and 2013 storage seasons. At the end of September into October, roots were harvested weekly for 5 weeks from each of two sugar beet fields in Idaho, treated with the appropriate fungicide, and placed on top of a commercial indoor sugar beet storage pile until early February. Differences (P < 0.0001 to 0.0150) among fungicide treatments were evident. Propulse- and Stadium-treated roots had 84 to 100% less fungal growth versus the control roots, whereas fungal growth on Mertect-treated roots was not different from the control roots in 7 of 12 comparisons for roots harvested each of the first 3 weeks in both years of this study. The Propulse- and Stadium-treated roots also reduced (P < 0.0001 to 0.0146; based on weeks 1, 3, and 4 in 2012 and weeks 1, 3, 4, and 5 in 2013) sucrose loss by 14 to 46% versus the control roots, whereas roots treated with Mertect did not change sucrose loss compared with the control roots in 7 of 10 evaluations. The predominant fungi isolated from symptomatic roots were an Athelia-like sp., Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium spp., and Phoma betae. If Propulse and Stadium are labeled for use on sugar beet in storage, these fungicides should be considered for root rot control in commercial sugar beet storage and on roots held for vernalization for seed production of this biennial plant species.

Inocybe griseorubida, a new species of Pseudosperma clade from tropical India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Deepna Latha ◽  
Patinjareveettil Manimohan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Inocybe griseorubida sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India. A comprehensive description, photographs, and comparisons with phenetically similar species are provided. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), a portion of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) and a portion of the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) gene of this species were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of rpb2 sequences confirmed both the novelty of the species and its placement within the Pseudosperma clade.

Diversity of Penicillium species isolated from heavy metal polluted soil in Guizhou Province, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
QING-XIN ZHOU ◽  
JOS HOUBRAKEN ◽  
QI-RUI LI ◽  
YING XU ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Β Tubulin

Seven Penicillium strains were isolated from soil samples polluted by heavy metals in different zones of Guizhou Province, China. Phenotypic identification proved to be difficult and this data was therefore supplemented with ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and partial β-tubulin sequences. Comparison of the obtained sequences with references sequences showed that six strain belonged to Penicillium section Lanata-divaricata and one strain to section Sclerotiora. Three of the seven isolates belonged to a new species and were named here P. terrarumae sp. nov. The other four isolates were identified as P. cremeogriseum, P. guanacastense, P. griseopurpureum and P. oxalicum.

scholarly journals Sugar Beet Cultivar Evaluation for Storability and Rhizomania Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Imad Eujayl ◽  
Eugene Rearick ◽  
Paul Foote ◽  
Dave Elison
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Sugar Beet Cultivar ◽  
Rhizomania Resistance ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Selection Of

To reduce storage losses and improve resistance to rhizomania caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), studies were initiated to establish a storage cultivar selection program. In 2006 and 2007, 30 or more commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars were grown in soil naturally infested with BNYVV. At harvest, two root samples from each plot were collected and used to establish percent sugar. Additional samples were placed on top of an indoor pile (set point 1.7°C) and inside an outdoor pile in a randomized complete block design with four replications. After 142 and 159 days in indoor storage, sucrose reduction ranged from 13 to 90% in 2007 and 57 to 100% in 2008. Outdoor storage sucrose reduction ranged from 13 to 32% in 2007 and 28 to 60% in 2008. An average of 31 and 45% of the root surface was covered with fungal growth in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cultivars that retained the most sucrose had resistance to BNYVV and the least fungal growth and weight loss. Indoor storage with BNYVV-infested roots allowed for the most consistent cultivar separation and will potentially lead to selection of cultivars for improved storability and rhizomania resistance.

A new species of Inocybe representing the Nothocybe lineage

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. DEEPNA LATHA ◽  
PATINJAREVEETTIL MANIMOHAN ◽  
P. BRANDON MATHENY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Inocybe distincta sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India. A comprehensive description, photographs, line drawings and comments are provided. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), a portion of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) and a portion of the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) gene of this species were sequenced and analyzed. BLASTn searches using nrLSU and RPB2 sequences and subsequent ML phylogenetic analysis of combined nrLSU and RPB2 sequences confirmed that Inocybe distincta is a representative of the Nothocybe lineage. As the Nothocybe lineage is assumed to have affinities to I. cutifracta, and as there are different interpretations of that species, we examined the holotype of I. cutifracta collected by T. Petch and another collection from Sri Lanka identified as I. cutifracta by D. N. Pegler, and we present here our observations on these collections.

scholarly journals Selection for Resistance to the Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Imad A. Eujayl ◽  
Paul Foote
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Bacterial Rot ◽  
Production Areas

The Rhizoctonia-bacterial root rot complex continues to be a concerning problem in sugar beet production areas. To investigate resistance to this complex in 26 commercial sugar beet cultivars, field studies and greenhouse studies with mature roots from the field were conducted with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 2-2 IIIB strains and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Based on means for the 26 cultivars in the 2010 and 2011 field studies, fungal rot ranged from 0 to 8%, bacterial rot ranged from 0 to 37%, total internal rot ranged from 0 to 44%, and surface rot ranged from 0 to 52%. All four rot variables resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) cultivar differences. Based on regression analysis, strong positive relationships (r2 from 0.6628 to 0.9320; P < 0.0001) were present among the rot variables. When ranking cultivars, the most consistent rot variable was surface rot, because 12 of 13 variable–year combinations had significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlations. When cultivar ranking in greenhouse assays was compared, there was frequently a positive correlation with storage data but no relationship with field results. Thus, the greenhouse assays will identify storage rot resistance but field screening will be required to find resistance to this rot complex in the field.

A new species and a new record of Clitopilus and a description of C. orientalis from India based on morphology and molecular phylogeny

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 343 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. ANIL RAJ ◽  
PATINJAREVEETTIL MANIMOHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
New Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Three species of Clitopilus, C. albidus sp. nov., C. subscyphoides and C. orientalis, are described from Kerala State, India, based on morphology and molecular phylogeny. Comprehensive descriptions, photographs, and comparisons with phenetically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided. The RNA polymerase II genes (rpb2) of the three species were sequenced and analyzed. In addition, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) genes were sequenced and used in BLAST searches to find similar sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on rpb2 sequences performed using both Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Analysis (BA) methods supported the novelty of C. albidus and its placement within the genus Clitopilus. C. subscyphoides and C. orientalis are the first and second record respectively of these species from India.

Inocybe gregaria, a new species of the Inosperma clade from tropical India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. DEEPNA LATHA ◽  
PATINJAREVEETTIL MANIMOHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Inocybe gregaria sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India, based on morphological and molecular data. A comprehensive description, photographs, and comparisons with phenetically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS), a portion of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU) and a portion of the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) gene of this species were sequenced and analyzed. BLASTn searches using LSU and rpb2 sequences and subsequent ML phylogram of combined LSU and rpb2 sequences revealed that I. gregaria is conspecific with Inocybe sp. ZT8944, a collection assigned to the Inosperma clade that remains undescribed.

Storage of primed pelleted sugar beet seed with minimal loss of seed vigour and active ingredients

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Martijn van Overveld ◽  
Martijn Leijdekkers ◽  
Noud van Swaaij
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Storage Methods

Different seed storage methods, varying in storage temperature, moisture and/or oxygen content, were applied to commercial sugar beet seed lots from four breeding companies. After storage for 10–11 months, germination of the seed was tested in the laboratory (cold test, 10°C). In addition, the contents of active ingredients (fungicides and insecticide) were analyzed and compared with the initial contents before storage. Based on these results, a selection of the most promising storage methods was made to test plant emergence in a field experiment. This research was performed in 2015/16 and in 2016/17. In both years, two storage treatments outperformed the others: these were storage in a closed jar with the addition of moisture absorber (i.e. silica gel) at room temperature and storage at –18°C in a closed plastic bag. Using these two storage methods, seed vigour and contents of active ingredients were comparable to those in seed that had not been stored for one year. Based on the results from this study, the advice to growers for a successful storage of residual sugar beet seed was adjusted in 2017, after including some practical guidelines and considerations.

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