scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a New Fungal Pathogen Causing Twisted Leaf Disease of Sugarcane in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyue Lin ◽  
Jingjing Wei ◽  
Muqing Zhang ◽  
Shiqiang Xu ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Sugarcane twisted leaf disease, caused by Phoma sp., was first reported in Guangxi, China, in 2012, when more than 5% of sugarcane was infected in the field. Three single-spore isolates were recovered from symptomatic leaves. Sequences from five fungal loci, 28S nrDNA (LSU), 18S nrDNA (SSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB), and the translation elongation factor alpha (TEF-α) were amplified from the disease-associated isolates. The twisted leaf disease pathogen was identified and formally described as Phoma sorghina var. saccharum through phylogenetic analyses, morphological observations, and the pathogenicity of the isolates on sugarcane. P. sorghina var. saccharum can be differentiated from related species based on the morphology of pycnidia and chlamydospores that formed regular, glabrous, papillate ostioles. Chlamydospore-anamorph was unicellular, botryoid-alternarioid shape, as well as the binucleate, frequently branched hyphae. We also showed that mycelial growth of P. sorghina var. saccharum was optimal at pH 4.0 and 20 to 25°C. Additionally, among 13 chemical compounds tested, carbendazim was found to be the most effective in suppressing the radial growth of the fungus. Mycelial growth in vitro was completely inhibited at concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm, and 87.6% of mycelial growth was inhibited at 10 ppm. Carbendazim is therefore a potentially effective fungicide to control this disease in China.

scholarly journals Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mora-Sala ◽  
Ana Cabral ◽  
Maela León ◽  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
Josep Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.

scholarly journals Emergence of Prochloraz-Resistant Populations of Calonectria pauciramosa and Calonectria polizzii in Ornamental Nurseries of Southern Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimiro Guarnaccia ◽  
Dalia Aiello ◽  
Giancarlo Polizzi ◽  
Giancarlo Perrone ◽  
Gaetano Stea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
Benzimidazole Carbamates ◽  
Group B ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor 1Α

Management of Calonectria spp. infections in nurseries requires scheduled fungicide applications, particularly with methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBCs) and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Due to rising concerns about the occurrence of MBC resistance in different Calonectria populations and variability in prochloraz efficacy in controlling these pathogens, a detailed study on prochloraz sensitivity distributions of Calonectria isolates belonging to the Calonectria scoparia complex was carried out. In total, 105 isolates collected in two distinct periods (1993 to 1996 and 2005 to 2009) were analyzed for prochloraz sensitivity. Based on DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of β-tubulin, histone H3, and translation elongation factor-1α gene sequences, 69 and 36 isolates were identified as C. pauciramosa and C. polizzii, respectively. The isolates collected more recently (group B) had a reduced prochloraz sensitivity, as indicated by greater values for the effective dose to reduce growth by 50% than those collected earlier (group A). The reduced sensitivity detected in vitro corresponded to partial loss of fungicide efficacy in controlling infections in red clover and feijoa under controlled and semi-field conditions, respectively. Frequent prochloraz application in nurseries for controlling Calonectria spp. infections is discouraged.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Lophodermella needle pathogens (Rhytismataceae) on Pinus species in the USA and Europe

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11435
Author(s):  
Jessa P. Ata ◽  
Kelly S. Burns ◽  
Suzanne Marchetti ◽  
Isabel A. Munck ◽  
Ludwig Beenken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Increasing prevalence of conifer needle pathogens globally have prompted further studies on pathogen identification and a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships among needle pathogens. Several Lophodermella species can be aggressive pathogens causing needle cast in natural pine forests in the USA and Europe. However, their relationships with other Rhytismataceae species have historically been based on similarities of only limited phenotypic characters. Currently, no molecular studies have been completed to elucidate their relationships with other Lophodermella needle pathogens. This study collected and sequenced three gene loci, namely: internal transcribed spacer, large ribosomal subunit, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha, from five Lophodermella needle pathogens from North America (L. arcuata, L. concolor, L. montivaga) and Europe (L. conjuncta and L. sulcigena) to distinguish phylogeny within Rhytismatacaeae, including Lophophacidium dooksii. Phylogenetic analyses of the three loci revealed that all but L. conjuncta that were sampled in this study consistently clustered in a well-supported clade within Rhytismataceae. The multi-gene phylogeny also confirmed consistent nesting of L. dooksii, a needle pathogen of Pinus strobus, within the clade. Potential synapomorphic characters such as ascomata position and ascospore shape for the distinct clade were also explored. Further, a rhytismataceous species on P. flexilis that was morphologically identified as L. arcuata was found to be unique based on the sequences at the three loci. This study suggests a potential wider range of host species within the genus and the need for genetic characterization of other Lophodermella and Lophophacidium species to provide a higher phylogenetic resolution.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pestalotiopsis-Like Species Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) in China, Including two Novel Pestalotiopsis Species, and Analysis of Their Pathogenicity

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2548-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchun Wang ◽  
Fei Xiong ◽  
Qinhua Lu ◽  
Xinyuan Hao ◽  
Mengxia Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Blight Disease

Several Pestalotiopsis-like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the diversity, geographical distribution, and pathogenicity of pathogenic species associated with tea plants in China is limited. In this study, 168 Pestalotiopsis-like isolates were obtained from diseased tea plant leaves from 13 primary tea-producing provinces and cities in China. Based on a multilocus (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene region) phylogenetic analysis coupled with an assessment of conidial characteristics, 20 Neopestalotiopsis unclassified isolates, seven Pestalotiopsis species, including two novel (Pestalotiopsis menhaiensis and Pestalotiopsis sichuanensis), four known (Pestalotiopsis camelliae, Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, and Pestalotiopsis rhodomyrtus) and one indistinguishable species, and three Pseudopestalotiopsis species, including two known (Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis and Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis) and one indistinguishable species, were identified. This study is the first to evaluate Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis on tea plants in China. The geographical distribution and pathogenicity tests showed Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis to be the dominant cause of gray blight of tea plants in China. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that theobromine not only derepressed mycelial growth of the 29 representative isolates but also increased their growth. Correlation analysis revealed a linear positive relationship between the mycelial growth rate and pathogenicity (P = 0.0148).

scholarly journals First Report of Gladiolus Corm Rot Caused by Fusarium proliferatum in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Al Mahmooli ◽  
F. Al Balushi ◽  
O. Doyle ◽  
A. M. Al Sadi ◽  
M. L. Deadman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
State University ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Hybrid gladiolus varieties have potential as a major ornamental crop in Oman. Grown for the cut-flower industry, their production has increased significantly in recent years. In 2010, during a field trial of two hybrid varieties (Red Majesty and Mascagni) grown in sandy soil at Al Moballah, Muscat, approximately 3% of Red Majesty plants and 12% of Mascagni plants showed signs of wilting and yellowing prior to plant death. In all cases, tissue taken from 20 diseased corms yielded Fusarium-like colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies were light to dark purple in color with dense and abundant aerial mycelium; macroconidia were 33.8 × 4.8 μm with 3 to 5 septa per spore; microconidia were 13.5 × 4.8 μm with 0 to 1 septa per spore and were in chains (mean of 50 spores in both cases). No chlamydospores were observed. In vitro characters and spore measurements conformed to previously described features of Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (2). Mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter) were taken from 5-day-old cultures of F. proliferatum grown on 2.5% PDA and wrapped on the base of Gladiolus corms using Parafilm and wet cotton. The Parafilm was removed after 7 days of inoculation. The corms were kept in moistened polythene bags for and symptoms were recorded. Control corms were inoculated using PDA (1). Artificial inoculations resulted in rot symptoms on all corms within 14 days and fungal colonies identical to initial isolations were recovered from artificially infected corms. Rotting was not observed in corms inoculated using PDA alone. Identification of F. proliferatum was confirmed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and ITS4 primers) and sequences of the translation elongation factor alpha (TEF-1) gene (EF-1-986 and EF-728 primers). The ITS and TEF-1 sequences were found to share 99.8% and 99.6% nucleotide similarity to previously published sequences of the ITS (HQ113948) and EF (JN092351) regions of F. proliferatum in GenBank, respectively. The ITS sequence of one isolate was assigned GenBank Accession No. JN86006. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of F. proliferatum in Oman or in the Arabian Peninsula. References: (1) C. Linfield. Ann. Appl. Biol. 121:175, 1983. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, USA, 1983.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diaporthe species associated with peach constriction canker, with two novel species from China

MycoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Xianhong Wang ◽  
Yashuang Guo ◽  
Yamin Du ◽  
Ziling Yang ◽  
Xinzhong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Species of Diaporthe infect a wide range of plants and live in vivo as endophytes, saprobes or pathogens. However, those in peach plants are poorly characterized. In this study, 52 Diaporthe strains were isolated from peach branches with buds, showing constriction canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using five gene regions: internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF), ß-tubulin (TUB), histone (HIS), and calmodulin (CAL). These results coupled with morphology revealed seven species of Diaporthe, including five known species (D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. eres, D. hongkongensis, and D. unshiuensis). In addition, two novel species D. jinxiu and D. zaofenghuang are introduced. Except for the previously reported D. eres, this study represents the first characterization of Diaporthe species associated with peach constriction canker in China, and contributes useful data for practicable disease management.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SELEKSI IN VITRO BERULANG (REPEAT CYCLING–IN VITRO SELECTION) TOLERAN STRES KEKERINGAN UNTUK PERBAIKAN MUTU GENETIK DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI BERMIKORIZA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Ahmad Riduan ◽  
Rainiyati Rainiyati ◽  
Yulia Alia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Single Spore Culture ◽  
Spore Culture ◽  
Glomus Sp

Every plant rhizospheres in any ecosystem there are various living microorganisms including Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF).  An isolation and characterization is required to investigate the species or type of the AMF. This research was aimed at studying the isolation and characterization of AMF sporulation in soybean rhizospheres in Jambi Province. The results of evaluation on soil samples before trapping showed that there are spores from three genus of AMF twelve types Glomus , two types Acaulospora and one type of Enthrophospora.  Following single spore culture in soybean rhizosphere, 5 spore types were obtained:  Glomus sp-1, Glomus sp-4, Glomus sp-7, Glomus sp-8 Glomus sp-10.

scholarly journals The Banana Root Endophytome: Differences between Mother Plants and Suckers and Evaluation of Selected Bacteria to Control Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás ◽  
Antonio J. Fernández-González ◽  
Martina Cardoni ◽  
Antonio Valverde-Corredor ◽  
Javier López-Cepero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Identification And Characterization

This study aimed to disentangle the structure, composition, and co-occurrence relationships of the banana (cv. Dwarf Cavendish) root endophytome comparing two phenological plant stages: mother plants and suckers. Moreover, a collection of culturable root endophytes (>1000) was also generated from Canary Islands. In vitro antagonism assays against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) races STR4 and TR4 enabled the identification and characterization of potential biocontrol agents (BCA). Eventually, three of them were selected and evaluated against Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) together with the well-known BCA Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 under controlled conditions. Culturable and non-culturable (high-throughput sequencing) approaches provided concordant information and showed low microbial diversity within the banana root endosphere. Pseudomonas appeared as the dominant genus and seemed to play an important role in the banana root endophytic microbiome according to co-occurrence networks. Fungal communities were dominated by the genera Ophioceras, Cyphellophora, Plecosphaerella, and Fusarium. Overall, significant differences were found between mother plants and suckers, suggesting that the phenological stage determines the recruitment and organization of the endophytic microbiome. While selected native banana endophytes showed clear antagonism against Foc strains, their biocontrol performance against FWB did not improve the outcome observed for a non-indigenous reference BCA (strain PICF7).

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