Characterization of Soybean yellow shoot virus, a New Member of the Family Potyviridae Infecting Soybean Plants in Brazil

A new virus species, belonging to the family Potyviridae and capable of infecting most of the soybean cultivars grown in Brazil, was collected in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and named Soybean yellow shoot virus (SoyYSV). In this study, the complete 9,052-nucleotide genome of SoyYSV was determined and the structural, biological, and molecular properties of the virus were investigated. The SoyYSV genome encoded a single polyprotein that could be subsequently cleaved, generating 11 proteins. The SoyYSV genome shared 49% nucleotide and 36% amino acid sequence identity with Blackberry virus Y. However, the P1 protein of SoyYSV was much smaller and lacked the ALK1 domain characteristic of the genus Brambyvirus. Electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous virus particles, 760 to 780 nm in length, and cytoplasmic inclusions typical of those found in plant cells infected with Potyviridae species. In addition to soybean, SoyYSV infected species in the Amaranthaceae, Caricaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae families. Among the most common potyviruses present in Brazil, only SoyYSV induced local necrotic lesions in Carica papaya L. SoyYSV was transmissible by Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii but lacked the HC-Pro domain required for aphid transmission in other potyviruses. No seed transmission in soybean was observed.

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Full genome characterization of Laem Singh virus (LSNV) in shrimp Penaeus monodon

10.1101/2020.07.25.221432 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Suparat Taengchaiyaphum ◽

Jiraporn Srisala ◽

Piyachat Sanguanrut ◽

Chalermporn Ongvarrasopone ◽

Timothy W. Flegel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Virus Species ◽

Full Genome ◽

Cloning And Sequencing ◽

Genome Characterization ◽

Sequence Identity ◽

The Family ◽

Shrimp Virus

ABSTRACTLaem Singh virus (LSNV) was discovered in 2006 and proposed as a necessary but insufficient cause of retarded growth in the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Its closest relatives were plant viruses including an unassigned Sobemovirus and viruses in the family Luteoviridae. During succeeding years, attempts to obtain the full LSNV genome sequence by genome walking failed. However, recent publication of the full sequence of Wenzhou shrimp virus 9 (WZSV 9) at GenBank revealed that LSNV sequences in our database shared 99% sequence identity with it. Thus, we hypothesized that LSNV and WZSV 9 were different isolates of the same virus species. Here we confirm that hypothesis by cloning and sequencing of the full genome of LSNV from P. monodon and by showing that it consists of two fragments each with 99% identity to the matching fragments of WZSV.

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Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses in British Columbia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-17-0497-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (12) ◽

pp. 2088-2097 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Poojari ◽

J. Boulé ◽

N. DeLury ◽

D. T. Lowery ◽

M. Rott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Virus Species ◽

Relative Incidence ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Family ◽

Leafroll Disease ◽

Composite Samples

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a complex associated with one or more virus species belonging to the family Closteroviridae. The majority of viruses in this complex are vectored by one or more species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and/or scale insects (Coccidae). Grape-growing regions of British Columbia (BC), including Okanagan, Similkameen, and Fraser valleys and Kamloops (BC central interior), Vancouver, and Gulf islands, were surveyed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons for the presence of four major grapevine leafroll-associated viruses, including Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1), GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GLRaV-4. In total, 3,056 composite five-vine samples were collected from 153 Vitis vinifera and three interspecific hybrid vineyard blocks. The results showed GLRaV-3 to be the most widespread, occurring in 16.7% of the composite samples, followed by GLRaV-4 (3.9%), GLRaV-1 (3.8%), and GLRaV-2 (3.0%). Mixed infections of two or more GLRaVs were found in 4.1% of the total samples. The relative incidence of GLRaVs differed among regions and vineyard blocks of a different age. Characterization of partial CO1 region from a total of 241 insect specimens revealed the presence of Pseudococcus maritimus, Parthenolecanium corni, and other Pulvinaria sp. in BC vineyards. Spatial patterns of GLRaV-3 infected grapevines in three vineyard blocks from three different regions in the Okanagan Valley showed variable degrees of increase in disease spread ranging from 0 to 19.4% over three growing seasons. Regional differences in the relative incidence and spread of GLD underline the need for region-based management programs for BC vineyards.

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Molecular Identification, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection, Host Reactions, and Specific Cytopathology of Artichoke yellow ringspot virus Infecting Onion Crops

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-0622 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 622-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Varvara I. Maliogka ◽

Chrisostomos I. Dovas ◽

Dietrich E. Lesemann ◽

Stephan Winter ◽

Nikolaos I. Katis

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Seed Transmission ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽

The Family ◽

Polymerase Chain

An isometric virus ca. 25 nm in diameter with angular contour was isolated from onion plants showing yellow leaf striping and necrotic tips. The virus was mechanically transmitted onto 28 species of indicator plants belonging to five families, viz. Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, and Solanaceae where it causes ring spots, malformations, and/or tip necrosis. Cytopathological studies in infected Nicotiana benthamiana tissues revealed cytoplasmic inclusions resembling those caused by Artichoke yellow ringspot virus (AYRSV), a member of the family Comoviridae. Host range and symptomatology of the onion virus were also similar to AYRSV. A high seed transmission rate (20%) was found in onion. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers specific for the family Comoviridae allowed amplification of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences, which upon sequence analysis and comparison with AYRSV isolates from Cynara scolymus (AYRSV-AtG) and Vicia faba (AYRSV-F) were highly similar, thus providing evidence that the nepovirus AYRSV is infecting onion in the field.

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Characterization of tulip streak virus, a novel virus associated with the family Phenuiviridae

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/jgv.0.001525 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yutaro Neriya ◽

Toshiyuki Morikawa ◽

Kakeru Hamamoto ◽

Kengo Noguchi ◽

Tominari Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Streak Virus ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Virus Particles ◽

The Family ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Complete Sequences ◽

Microscopy Analysis

In Japan, tulip-growing areas have been plagued by viral diseases for decades, but the viruses causing the damage remain undescribed. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana and Chenopodium quinoa plants mechanically inoculated with crude sap from a symptomatic tulip flower exhibited necrosis symptoms. Additionally, flexuous and filamentous virus particles were detected by electron microscopy analysis. Moreover, we determined the complete sequences of two genomic segments of the tulip streak virus (TuSV), which is a new virus associated with streaking symptoms, on the basis of a next-generation sequencing analysis. Homology analyses of the amino acid sequence of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the terminal sequence of the genomic RNA indicated that TuSV is associated with viruses in the family Phenuiviridae, but differs substantially from other reported viruses.

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Electron Microscope Study of RNA's of Paramyxoviruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094231 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 196-197

Author(s):

Ruchama Baum ◽

J.T. Seto

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Electron Microscope Study ◽

Sendai Virus ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Length Measurements

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of paramyxoviruses has been characterized by biochemical and physiochemical methods. However, paramyxovirus RNA molecules have not been studied by electron microscopy. The molecular weights of these single-stranded viral RNA molecules are not known as yet. Since electron microscopy has been found to be useful for the characterization of single-stranded RNA, this investigation was initiated to examine the morphology and length measurements of paramyxovirus RNA's.Sendai virus Z strain and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Milano strain, were used. For these studies it was necessary to develop a method of extracting RNA molecules from purified virus particles. Highly purified Sendai virus was treated with pronase (300 μg/ml) at 37°C for 30 minutes and the RNA extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-phenol procedure.

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Exposure of protein VP7 on the surface of bluetongue virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160558 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 600-601

Author(s):

A.D. Hyatt

Keyword(s):

Bluetongue Virus ◽

Structural Proteins ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Outer Coat ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Antibody Recognition ◽

The Core ◽

The Family ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

Physical Accessibility

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species os the genus orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus has a fibrillar outer coat containing two major structural proteins VP2 and VP5 which surround an icosahedral core. The core contains two major proteins VP3 and VP7 and three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6. Recent evidence has indicated that the core comprises a neucleoprotein center which is surrounded by two protein layers; VP7, a major constituent of capsomeres comprises the outer and VP3 the inner layer of the core . Antibodies to VP7 are currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays and immuno-electron microscopical (JEM) tests for the detection of BTV. The tests involve the antibody recognition of VP7 on virus particles. In an attempt to understand how complete viruses can interact with antibodies to VP7 various antibody types and methodologies were utilized to determine the physical accessibility of the core to the external environment.

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Prothrombin Metz : Purification and Characterization of a Variant of Human Prothrombin

10.1055/s-0038-1665670 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

M Ribieto ◽

J Elion ◽

D Labie ◽

F Josso

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Factor Xa ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Cleavage Pattern ◽

Purification And Characterization ◽

Double Immunodiffusion ◽

The Family

For the purification of the abnormal prothrombin (Pt Metz), advantage has been taken of the existence in the family of three siblings who, being double heterozygotes for Pt Metz and a hypoprothrombinemia, have no normal Pt. Purification procedures included barium citrate adsorption and chromatography on DEAE Sephadex as for normal Pt. As opposed to some other variants (Pt Barcelona and Madrid), Pt Metz elutes as a single symetrical peak. By SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this material is homogeneous and appears to have the same molecular weight as normal Pt. Comigration of normal and abnormal Pt in the absence of SDS, shows a double band suggesting an abnormal charge for the variant. Pt Metz exhibits an identity reaction with the control by double immunodiffusion. Upon activation by factor Xa, Pt Metz can generate amydolytic activity on Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNa (S2160), but only a very low clotting activity. Clear abnormalities are observed in the cleavage pattern of Pt Metz when monitored by SDS gel electrophoresis. The main feature are the accumulation of prethrombin l (Pl) and the appearance of abnormal intermediates migrating faster than Pl.

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