scholarly journals Pythium Species Associated with Damping-off of Pea in Certified Organic Fields in the Columbia Basin of Central Washington

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vida C. Alcala ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
Kurtis L. Schroeder ◽  
Lyndon D. Porter ◽  
Michael L. Derie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Spring Planting

Organic vegetable production accounted for 19% of the total organic acreage in Washington State in 2013, with 1,700 ha of certified organic vegetable pea. However, production is challenged constantly with the threat of poor emergence after planting due to damping-off caused by Pythium spp. A survey of Pythium spp. in organic vegetable production areas of the semiarid Columbia Basin of central Washington was carried out in fall 2009 to identify species associated with damping-off during early spring planting. Of 305 isolates baited from soil sampled from 37 certified organic fields, 264 were identified to 16 Pythium spp. by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. A soil DNA-CFU regression curve was developed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for each of the three predominant pathogenic species (Pythium abappressorium, the P. irregulare complex, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) found in soil sampled from the 37 fields. The P. irregulare complex, P. abappressorium, and P. ultimum var. ultimum were detected in 57, 78, and 100% of the fields sampled, respectively. A regression analysis was used to determine that P. ultimum var. ultimum ranged from 14 to 332 CFU/g of soil in the 37 fields, the P. irregulare complex ranged from 25 to 228 CFU/g of soil, and P. abappressorium DNA was below the quantifiable limit. In summary, P. ultimum var. ultimum was the most prevalent pathogenic Pythium sp. detected in certified organic fields in the semiarid Columbia Basin of central Washington but multiple Pythium spp. may be associated with damping-off in cool and wet, early spring planting conditions.

scholarly journals ORGANIC TOMATO PRODUCTION IN OKLAHOMA

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 888d-888
Author(s):  
Warren Roberts ◽  
Jonathan Edelson ◽  
Benny Bruton ◽  
Jim Shrefler ◽  
Merritt Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Aphid Populations

Plots were established at the Lane Agricultural Center in Lane, Okla., in 2003 for the purpose of conducting research in certified organic vegetable production. A field was selected that had been in pine timber since 1985. The field was cleared, plowed, disked, and land-planed. To establish a baseline for future reference, soil samples were collected on a 30 × 30 ft grid. Lime was added to adjust the pH. Poultry litter was added to the field as a fertilizer, and was incorporated by disking. Turnips were grown as a cover crop during the winter of 2003–04. In Spring 2004, the field was divided into four equal sections, which were planted with either tomatoes, sweet corn, watermelons, or southern peas. Tomatoes were planted using both determinate and indeterminate types. Plants were selected based on reported properties of interest to organic growers, such as disease resistance, pest resistance, or heat-set capabilities. The cultivars with greatest yield were Sunny, Solar Set, Classica, Sun Leaper, and Mountain Fresh. Visual disease ratings were taken throughout the season. Copper sulfate was used as a fungicide. The cultivars with the lowest disease ratings were Amelia, Peron, Celebrity, Florida 91, and Mountain Fresh. The major insect pest throughout the season was aphids. Aphid counts reached 6.9 aphids per leaf on 11 June. Two applications of AzaDirect, a neem extract, reduced aphid populations to 1.0 aphid per leaf on 17 June, 0.1 aphid per leaf on 25 June, and 0 aphids on 9 July.

scholarly journals Organic Management of Vegetable Diseases Part I: Soilborne Pathogens

EDIS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Vallad ◽  
Amanda Gevens
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Certified Organic

PP-253, a 5-page fact sheet by Gary Vallad and Amanda Gevens, is an overview of six “REPEAT” principles of plant-disease control (Resistance, Eradication, Protection, Exclusion, Avoidance, and Therapy) with an emphasis on methods acceptable in certified organic vegetable production for controlling plant disease caused by soilborne pathogens. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, June 2008. PP253/PP169: Organic Management of Vegetable Diseases Part I: Soilborne Pathogens (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Field Management Effects on Damping-Off and Early Season Vigor of Crops in a Transitional Organic Cropping System

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulya Baysal ◽  
Maria-Soledad Benitez ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Sally A. Miller ◽  
Brian B. McSpadden Gardener
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Compost Amendments ◽  
Certified Organic

Transitioning farmland to certified organic vegetable production can take many paths, each varying in their costs and benefits. Here, the effects of four organic transition strategies (i.e., tilled fallowing, mixed-species hay, low-intensity vegetables, and intensive vegetable production under high tunnels), each with and without annual compost applications for 3 years prior to assessment, were characterized. Although transition cropping strategies differed in soil chemistry (P < 0.05), the magnitude of the changes typically were marginal and pairwise comparisons were rarely significant. In contrast, the compost amendment had a much greater impact on soil chemistry regardless of cropping strategy. For example, percent C and total P increased by 2- to 5-fold and K increased from 6- to 12-fold. Under controlled conditions, damping-off of both edamame soybean (cv. Sayamusume) and tomato (cv. Tiny Tim) was reduced from 2 to 30% in soils from the mixed-hay transition. In the field, damping-off of both crops was also significantly lower in plots previously cropped to hay (P < 0.05). Although not always significant (P < 0.05), this pattern of suppression was observed in all four of the soybean experiments and three of the four tomato experiments independent of compost application. The compost amendments alone did not consistently suppress damping-off. However, plant height, fresh weight, and leaf area index of the surviving seedlings of both crops were greater in the compost-amended soils regardless of the transitional cropping treatment used (P < 0.05 for most comparisons). These data indicate that mixed-hay cropping during the transition periods can enhance soil suppressiveness to damping-off. In addition, although compost amendments applied during transition can improve crop vigor by significantly enhancing soil fertility, their effects on soilborne diseases are not yet predictable when transitioning to certified organic production.

scholarly journals Cabbage cultivation without seedling growing stage in Nonchernozem area

2009 ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
L.L. Bondareva ◽  
A.N. Kalinin
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Output Volume ◽  
Spring Planting

To reduce the expenses on plantlet cultivation stage the several vegetable production centers apply the direct planting into the soil without separate seedling cultivation. This paper describes the study concerning the interaction between early spring planting and output volume of vegetables. The Slava 1305 the cultivar of mid-maturing and Parus cultivar of mid-late maturing were also taken for the study.

scholarly journals Profitability of Organic Vegetable Production via Sod Based Rotation and Conventional Versus Strip Tillage in the Southern Coastal Plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Ahmadiani ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Yaqin Liu ◽  
Esendugue Greg Fonsah ◽  
Christine Bliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
The North ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Rotation Sequence

<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">There are little economic data concerning the profitability of organic vegetable crops in the Southern Coastal Plain, especially in reference to sod-based rotation and tillage alternatives.  A three-year experiment was conducted at the North Florida Research and Education Center-Quincy involving a crop rotation sequence of oats and rye (winter), bush beans (spring), soybean (summer) and broccoli (fall). Bush beans and broccoli were the cash crops. This paper presents analyses of the riskiness of organic production utilizing years in bahiagrass prior to initiating the crop rotation sequence and conventional tillage (CT) versus strip tillage (ST). Methods of “Risk-rated enterprise budget” and “Analyses of Variance-Covariance Matrix (ANOVA)” were utilized for determining relative profitability, and coefficient of variation was applied for measuring riskiness of each treatment. Three years of bahiagrass prior to initiating the crop rotation sequence, in combination with conventional tillage, had the highest profitability and ranked as the least risky scenario.  The second most profitable treatment was conventional tillage with four years of bahiagrass. Focusing on strip tillage, four years of bahiagrass with strip-tillage ranked third in term of profitability.</span></p>

scholarly journals Resource Use Efficiency in Organic Vegetable Production: A Case Study of Manzini Region, Swaziland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumsile Dlamini F ◽  
Mukole Kongolo
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Organic Vegetables ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Children Education

This study investigated the efficient use of resources in the production of organic vegetables, namely: beetroot, cabbage, carrot, pepper, spinach and tomatoes. The findings indicated that land, labour, organic manure, seeds, soil preparation, age; children, education level and farm legal entity all had significant effect in organic vegetables production in the region. The use of inputs in the production of the vegetables showed increasing returns to scale. As a result of this, the study suggested that in order for farmers to produce efficiently; all inputs that were significant in the production of the vegetables needed to be doubled in order to double the output. 

scholarly journals Responses to Early Spring Planting in Several Genotypes of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum Rich)

10.5109/24220 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto ◽  
Nguyen Duy Can ◽  
Tae Kwon Shon ◽  
Tomohiko Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Spring Planting

scholarly journals Seedling Production of Pak Choy (Brassica rapa L. var chinensis) using Organic and Inorganic Nutrients

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priadi ◽  
Fiqolbi Nuro
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Hydroponic Solution ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production

<p>Pak Choy or Bok Choy (<em>Brassica rapa </em>L. var. chinensis) is one of favorite Chinese leafy vegetable for various dishes in Indonesia. In this study, it was used as a plant model to identify the appropriate organic hydroponic nutrient solution for leafy vegetable seedling production. The seed was sown on rock wool slabs submerged with 200 ml of a nutrient solution containing biofertilizer of <em>Beyonic StarTmik@Lob</em> (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). commercial hydroponic solution (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and its combination (25, 50, and 75%). The experiments were arranged in a CRD. Meanwhile, the obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT. The relationship among growth parameters was observed using Pearson correlation analysis.  The result of the study showed that the combination of organic and inorganic nutrient (25% <em>Beyonic StarTmik@Lob</em> and 75% commercial hydroponic solution) resulted in the highest seedling growth parameters and leaf indices as well as the perfectly positive correlations among growth parameters. This result indicated that the use of organic nutrient alone was not appropriate for hydroponic seedling production of Pak Choy. Therefore, further study needs to be done to identify the hydroponic solution without inorganic nutrients towards the organic vegetable production.</p>

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