Responses to Early Spring Planting in Several Genotypes of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum Rich)

Early spring sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) is usually planted in cold soils at sub-optimal temperatures for seed germination. It is important for growers to understand the relationships among temperature, germination, and vigor of sweet corn in order to plan the earliest planting dates that will not significantly reduce plant stand. The objectives of this research were 1) to determine the minimum temperatures to germinate to 75%, (the minimum germination percent for interstate commerce) for 27 new sweet corn su (sugary), se (sugar enhancer), and sh2 (shrunken-2) cultivars; 2) to determine vigor differences among the phenotypes; and 3) to select the most promising se, su, and sh2 cultivars for cold tolerance and vigor for early spring planting. Seeds of each cultivar were placed along a temperature gradient on a thermogradient table, Type 5001 (Seed Processing Holland, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands), and allowed to germinate over a 7-day period. The gradient treatments were [±2 °F (1.1 °C)] 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, and 86 °F (11.1, 13.3, 15.6, 17.8, 20.0, 22.2, 24.4, 26.7, 28.9, and 30.0 °C). Germination data from thermogradient testing were used to determine the minimum temperatures and time required for su, se, and sh2 cultivars to germinate at ≥75%, defined as minimum acceptable germination percent (MAGP); and the minimum temperature to reach the maximum germination rate (MGR) for a cultivar, defined as the ability to germinate to MAGP at the same rate equally at low and high temperatures. Generally, su phenotypes germinated to MAGP within 4 days, with sh2 requiring 6 days, but with se requiring 5 days. We found that within each phenotype, however, cultivars reacted uniquely to temperature. The most vigorous and cold tolerant su cultivars were `NK 199' and `Merit' which germinated to MAGP at 52 °F with `NK 199' more vigorous than `Merit'. The su cultivar `Sweet G-90' was vigorous at warm temperatures, but the least cold tolerant and desirable for planting under cold conditions. Within the se cultivars, `Precious Gem', `July Gold', and `Imaculata' germinated to MAGP at 52 °F with `Precious Gem' requiring 6 days and `July Gold' and `Imaculata' requiring 7 days. `Accord' was the least cold tolerant se cultivar, requiring at least 60 °F for MAGP with a slow MGR, even at warm temperatures. None of the sh2 cultivars reached MAGP within 7 d at 52 °F, as was also observed for certain su and se cultivars.

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Effect of irrigation methods and techniques of earthing up on the potato yield

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2020-1-12-16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Viktor Melihov ◽

Aleksey Novikov ◽

Denis Vasilyuk

Keyword(s):

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Early Spring ◽

Potato Yield ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Lower Volga Region ◽

Planting Time ◽

Irrigation Methods ◽

Lower Volga ◽

Main Production ◽

Spring Planting

The article considers three ways of watering potatoessprinkling, furrowing, drip and two methods of hilling – ridge and ridge at early spring and summer planting times. The use of drip irrigation systems in the cultivation of potatoes in the subzone of light-chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region leads to an increase in yield of 63 % compared with sprinkler irrigation, at 31 % compared to irrigation furrows in the spring planting time and by 34 % compared to sprinkler irrigation, by 28 % compared to irrigation furrows on the options for summer planting time. Ridge hilling technique led to an increase in potato yield compared to the ridge technique by 8.5…13.3 % at early spring planting times and by 6.6…13.5 % at summer planting times. The analysis of yield of the main production shows that potatoes of spring term of landing formed mass of tubers to 57,4 t/ha, and at summer plantings to 62,6 t/ha. On average, the yield of potatoes at summer planting dates was higher than the yield of potatoes at spring planting dates by 13 %.

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Yielding and nutritional value of Japanese bunching onion in relation to the date of planting and type of flat cover

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eugeniusz Kołota ◽

Katarzyna Adamczewska-Sowińska ◽

Cecylia Uklańska-Pusz

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Early Spring ◽

High Yield ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Japanese Bunching Onion ◽

Bunching Onion ◽

Spring Planting

ABSTRACT During a three-year field experiment, the possibilities of cultivating the ‘Performer’ cultivar of Japanese bunching onion for early harvest bunching were assessed through the use of autumn and spring planting terms. The seedlings, produced in multi-pots, were planted in the open field on 8-10 September, 9-10 October and 6-12 April, and covered with a perforated foil and agrotextile in mid-November or directly following the spring planting. The covers were removed at the end of April, and the harvest of Japanese bunching onion was conducted at the end of May. The percentage of plants that survived the winter, how many produced flowering stems and the height of the total and marketable yield of plants with a pseudostem diameter >10 mm were determined. We evaluated the content of selected components with a nutritional value in samples of edible plant parts. The results of the study showed that it is possible to obtain a high yield of plants harvested for bunches following an early spring term seedling planting. The majority of plants planted in the autumn froze during the winter, while those that were overwintered produced flower stems, especially if planted in September. The application of flat covers increased the percentage of plants that survived the winter, though in spite of this fact, the obtained marketable yield of Japanese bunching onion planted in the autumn was very low. Plants from the spring planting were characterised by a lower content of dry matter, chlorophyll a+b and volatile oils, while their content of K, Ca and Mg showed enhanced levels. Covering plants with a perforated foil positively influenced the content of total sugars and volatile oils, while negatively influencing the amounts of vitamin C, potassium and calcium as compared to those cultivated without covers.

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Pythium Species Associated with Damping-off of Pea in Certified Organic Fields in the Columbia Basin of Central Washington

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-15-0774-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 916-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ana Vida C. Alcala ◽

Timothy C. Paulitz ◽

Kurtis L. Schroeder ◽

Lyndon D. Porter ◽

Michael L. Derie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Early Spring ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Columbia Basin ◽

Damping Off ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Soil Dna ◽

Organic Vegetable Production ◽

Certified Organic ◽

Spring Planting

Organic vegetable production accounted for 19% of the total organic acreage in Washington State in 2013, with 1,700 ha of certified organic vegetable pea. However, production is challenged constantly with the threat of poor emergence after planting due to damping-off caused by Pythium spp. A survey of Pythium spp. in organic vegetable production areas of the semiarid Columbia Basin of central Washington was carried out in fall 2009 to identify species associated with damping-off during early spring planting. Of 305 isolates baited from soil sampled from 37 certified organic fields, 264 were identified to 16 Pythium spp. by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. A soil DNA-CFU regression curve was developed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for each of the three predominant pathogenic species (Pythium abappressorium, the P. irregulare complex, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) found in soil sampled from the 37 fields. The P. irregulare complex, P. abappressorium, and P. ultimum var. ultimum were detected in 57, 78, and 100% of the fields sampled, respectively. A regression analysis was used to determine that P. ultimum var. ultimum ranged from 14 to 332 CFU/g of soil in the 37 fields, the P. irregulare complex ranged from 25 to 228 CFU/g of soil, and P. abappressorium DNA was below the quantifiable limit. In summary, P. ultimum var. ultimum was the most prevalent pathogenic Pythium sp. detected in certified organic fields in the semiarid Columbia Basin of central Washington but multiple Pythium spp. may be associated with damping-off in cool and wet, early spring planting conditions.

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EFFECTS OF DURATION OF HEMP-NETTLE (Galeopsis tetrahit) INTERFERENCE IN OATS (Avena sativa) AND ALFALFA (Medicago sativa)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-098 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 809-816

Author(s):

ANNE LÉGÈRE ◽

JEAN-MARC DESCHÊNES

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Early Spring ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Quebec City ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Spring Planting

Effects of duration of common hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) interference on oat (Avena sativa L.) yields, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yields during the year of establishment were measured in field experiments conducted in the Québec City area. Hemp-nettle growth was reduced in oats compared to that in alfalfa. Effects of duration of hemp-nettle interference on oat yields were significant in one out of two years. A 35% yield reduction was measured in oats after 12 wk of interference following an early spring planting (late April). First-cut alfalfa yields decreased as duration of hemp-nettle interference increased. Residual effects of hemp-nettle interference were also measured on second-cut alfalfa yields even though hemp-nettle had been absent from alfalfa stands throughout the regrowth period. Although early spring planting is generally recommended for alfalfa in the eastern Québec region, this practice appeared unsuitable for sites heavily infested with hemp-nettle, considering the early germination of the weed and its negative effects on crop yield.Key words: Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit, weed competition, weed interference

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338 Timing of Onion Bulb Formation under Field Conditions in New York in Relation to Temperature, Photoperiod, and Cultivar

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.501c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 501C-501

Author(s):

H.C. Wien ◽

B.S. Orenstein ◽

L.A. Ellerbrock

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Early Spring ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Bulb Formation ◽

Onion Bulb Formation ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Production Areas ◽

Neck Diameter ◽

Spring Planting

Although it has been known since the 1930s that long photoperiods and high temperatures hasten bulb formation in onions, the time at which onion cultivars under field conditions in New York start forming bulbs has not been previously reported. In the 1997 and 1998, onion cultivars were seeded in three commercial onion production areas at normal early spring planting dates. In 1998, a time-of-planting study was carried out in Ithaca, N.Y., in which three transplanted crops and three direct-seeded crops were established at monthly intervals beginning at the end of March. Bulb ratios (bulb diameter: neck diameter) were measured at 2-week intervals during the season in all plantings. Initiation of bulbs (assumed to occur 3 weeks before bulb ratio reached 2) was then related to the photoperiod and air temperature up to that point. A comparison of early, mid-season, and late cultivars indicated that bulbs are initiated in commercial plantings in New York at close to the longest day of the year (15.6 h), at a time when mean temperature is still rising. In the time of planting study, delay of planting resulted in fewer days from emergence to bulb initiation and a reduction in growing degree-day accumulation. If planted later than 15 June, some cultivars failed to initiate bulbs, but others, such as `Quantum' and `Winner', initiated bulbs but did not mature them. The results indicate that photoperiod appears to be the primary factor for the initiation of bulbs, but that bulb initiation can be modified strongly in some cultivars by temperature.

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Small Beginnings

One Small Candle ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197510049.003.0007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 94-108

Author(s):

Francis J. Bremer

Keyword(s):

New World ◽

Early Spring ◽

Cape Cod ◽

Food Shortages ◽

English Speaking ◽

Cold Food ◽

The Village ◽

Spring Planting

The colonists’ relief at surviving the dangerous Atlantic passage was followed by the challenges of surviving in their new world. After they decided to settle along Cape Cod, they spent time exploring the region in search of a suitable harbor. During these expeditions they encountered Native encampments abandoned for the season, and took corn that the inhabitants had put aside for spring planting. Though only one passenger had died in the crossing, cold, food shortages, disease, and the debilitating work of cutting down trees and building shelters took their toll, and half of the settlers died over the winter and early spring. Fears of Native attacks added to anxiety. In March an English-speaking native, Samoset, entered the village as a spokesman for the Wampanoag Massasoit Ousamequin, leading to a mutual defense pact and Native aid in understanding and managing the land.

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Cabbage cultivation without seedling growing stage in Nonchernozem area

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2009-3-46-48 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 46-48

Author(s):

L.L. Bondareva ◽

A.N. Kalinin

Keyword(s):

Early Spring ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Output Volume ◽

Spring Planting

To reduce the expenses on plantlet cultivation stage the several vegetable production centers apply the direct planting into the soil without separate seedling cultivation. This paper describes the study concerning the interaction between early spring planting and output volume of vegetables. The Slava 1305 the cultivar of mid-maturing and Parus cultivar of mid-late maturing were also taken for the study.

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Early spring mycobiota of pine litter needles.

Czech Mycology ◽

10.33585/cmy.63204 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 153-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ondřej Koukol

Keyword(s):

Early Spring

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EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1977.39.1500 ◽

1977 ◽

pp. 130-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.M. Williams ◽

L.B. Anderson ◽

B.M. Cooper

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

White Clover ◽

Plant Material ◽

Red Clover ◽

Early Spring ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Mediterranean Origin ◽

Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

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