Sydowia polyspora is both a Foliar Endophyte and a Preemergent Seed Pathogen in Pinus ponderosa

Poor seedling performance and reduced seed emergence are often ascribed to known pathogens that cause low seedling recruitment and poor seed emergence in forest nurseries and regeneration plantings. On the other hand, foliar endophytes are often overlooked as a source of poor emergence or tree seedling disease. Here, we show that an endophytic fungus common to the foliar microbiome of Pinus ponderosa acts as a cryptic pathogen in delaying emergence. In a series of experiments, we inoculated seed of P. ponderosa with a suspension of Sydowia polyspora 12 h prior to sowing. S. polyspora reduced seed emergence of its host, P. ponderosa, by as much as 30%. A tetrazolium chloride viability assay showed that S. polyspora reduces emergence by preventing germination; seed remained viable. In sum, pathogens affecting tree seed emergence and seedling recruitment may be endophytic as well as in seed and soil and deserve greater attention in studies of natural regeneration.

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PENDUGAAN POTENSI PEREKRUTAN PERMUDAAN ALAM OLEH POHON INDUK DI HUTAN MANGROVE IUPHHK-HA PT. BUMWI, TELUK BINTUNI, PAPUA BARAT Potential Estimation of Seedling Recruitment by Seed Trees in Mangrove Forest IUPHHKHA PT. BUMWI Bintuni Bay, West Papua

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.9.1.69-77 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 69-77

Author(s):

Istomo . ◽

Mia Afriyani

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Vegetation Analysis ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Plot Size ◽

West Papua ◽

Regeneration Condition ◽

Papua Barat ◽

Tree Method

Since 1978 one of the legal silviculture systems in Indonesian regard to managing mangrove forest is seed tree method. The ability of this silviculture system to recruit the seeds to fulfill the regeneration is one of the importantaspects. The research is conducted to get the information about regeneration condition and the ability of seed tree method to recruit the regeneration in any various plot with different agecutting. Vegetation analysis for naturalregeneration (seedlings and saplings) were conducted at four different age logged-over area with the total 640 plots. The plot size is 78.5 m2. The result showed that existence of seed tree can affect the type of regeneration for seedlings recruitment with percentage between 59.52% to 83.37%.Key words: mangrove, natural regeneration, seed tree, seedling recruitment

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Variation in vegetation cover and seedling performance of tree species in a forest-savanna ecotone

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467418000469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 74-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hamza Issifu ◽

George K. D. Ametsitsi ◽

Lana J. de Vries ◽

Gloria Djaney Djagbletey ◽

Stephen Adu-Bredu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Tree Cover ◽

First Year ◽

Transplant Experiment ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Savanna Woodland ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Species Specific

AbstractDifferential tree seedling recruitment across forest-savanna ecotones is poorly understood, but hypothesized to be influenced by vegetation cover and associated factors. In a 3-y-long field transplant experiment in the forest-savanna ecotone of Ghana, we assessed performance and root allocation of 864 seedlings for two forest (Khaya ivorensis and Terminalia superba) and two savanna (Khaya senegalensis and Terminalia macroptera) species in savanna woodland, closed-woodland and forest. Herbaceous vegetation biomass was significantly higher in savanna woodland (1.0 ± 0.4 kg m−2 vs 0.2 ± 0.1 kg m−2 in forest) and hence expected fire intensities, while some soil properties were improved in forest. Regardless, seedling survival declined significantly in the first-year dry-season for all species with huge declines for the forest species (50% vs 6% for Khaya and 16% vs 2% for Terminalia) by year 2. After 3 y, only savanna species survived in savanna woodland. However, best performance for savanna Khaya was in forest, but in savanna woodland for savanna Terminalia which also had the highest biomass fraction (0.8 ± 0.1 g g−1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1 g g−1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 g g−1) and starch concentration (27% ± 10% vs 15% ± 7% and 10% ± 4%) in roots relative to savanna and forest Khaya respectively. Our results demonstrate that tree cover variation has species-specific effects on tree seedling recruitment which is related to root storage functions.

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Observed dynamics of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedling recruitment in the Cascade Range, USA

New Forests ◽

10.1007/s11056-007-9041-z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 95-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christopher R. Keyes ◽

Douglas A. Maguire ◽

John C. Tappeiner

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Cascade Range

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Potentials of Natural Tree Regeneration after Clearcutting in Subalpine Forests

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/23.1.46 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Juergen Kreyling ◽

Andreas Schmiedinger ◽

Ellen Macdonald ◽

Carl Beiekuhnlein

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Forest Edge ◽

Tree Regeneration ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Engelmann Spruce ◽

Understory Plant

Abstract Regeneration of interior mountain forests still is not adequately understood, although these forests are subject to intensified use over the last decades. We examined factors influencing the success of natural tree regeneration after harvesting in the Engelmann spruce–subalpine fir zone of the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Distance from the forest edge was an important factor for regeneration; at distances exceeding 70 m from the forest edge only 50% of plots showed sufficient natural regeneration to meet stocking targets compared with 90% of plots closer to forest edges. Seedling density and growth were superior in the more protected southern portions of clearcuts. Seedling growth was less in plots containing high cover of downed woody debris. There was no relationship between understory plant diversity or composition and tree seedling regeneration. However, cover of fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) had a significant negative relationship with density but not growth of tree seedlings, particularly for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Cover of fireweed decline substantially within the first 10 years after clearcutting. We conclude that natural regeneration of trees has potential to help achieve stocking targets and also to maintain natural diversity of tree species if spatial constraints, especially thresholds in clearcut size, are considered.

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Dynamics of tree seedling populations in a humid subtropical forest of northeast India as related to disturbance

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x26-067 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 584-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S.K. Bank ◽

P. Rao ◽

R.S. Tripathi ◽

H.N. Pandey

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Northeast India ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Humid Forest ◽

Microenvironmental Factors ◽

Survival Pattern ◽

Disturbed Forest ◽

Disturbed Stand

Recruitment and survival of four important broad-leaved tree species, viz Quercusdealbata L., Quercusgriffithii Hk., Rhododendronarboreum Sm., and Schimakhasiana Dyer., were studied over 2 years in the undisturbed, mildly disturbed and highly disturbed forest stands of a subtropical humid forest of Meghalaya, northeast India. Recruitment of S. khasiana seedlings was maximum in the highly disturbed stand, while Q. dealbata seedlings were abundant in the undisturbed and mildly disturbed stands. Seedlings of Q. dealbata, Q. griffithii, and R. arboreum were equally successful in all the stands, while S. khasiana seedlings showed better survival in the highly disturbed stand than in the mildly disturbed and undisturbed stands. Six microenvironmental factors, viz photosynthetically active radiation, relative humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, and thickness of litter on the forest floor, were correlated with the age-specific mortality rate of seedlings. In Q. dealbata, Q. griffithii, and S. khasiana, mortality rate was significantly affected by microenvironmental factors, while in R. arboreum mortality was not correlated with any of the microenvironmental factors. On the basis of seedling recruitment and survival pattern, it was concluded that Q. dealbata, Q. griffithii, and R. arboreum were successful in both disturbed and undisturbed forest stands, while S. khasiana seedlings showed better survival and establishment in the disturbed stands.

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The Effect of Cattle Grazing on Ponderosa Pine Regeneration

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc67245-3 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. L. Kingery ◽

R. T. Graham

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Cattle Grazing ◽

Nez Perce ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Study Sites

During the summer and fall of 1982, a study was established on the Nez Percé National Forest in central Idaho to assess the effects of cattle grazing on the performance of a new ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation. Three study sites were located in a Douglas-fir/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type. Results after six years showed that livestock use can influence tree seedling establishment. Mortality and damage to tree seedlings from cattle resulted primarily from trampling rather than from browsing. Five and one-half percent of the seedlings were damaged by cattle, of which 3.6% died. Browsing by deer and elk caused the most growth loss. Overall damage was greatest from non-animal causes. Seedling quality at the time of planting, handling of the seedling, and droughty conditions during the first two years of the study contributed to this type of damage. Overall performance of the tree seedlings were relatively poor. Total mortality to tree seedlings resulting from all sources of damage was 43.6% for the grazed treatment and 25.3% for the non-grazed treatment.

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Conifer seed predation in harvested and burned dry Douglas-fir forests in southern British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x09-084 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1548-1556 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David J. Huggard ◽

André Arsenault

Keyword(s):

Pinus Ponderosa ◽

Seed Predation ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Forest Litter ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Burned Area ◽

Clear Cut

Consumption of seeds of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) was measured in dry Douglas-fir forest at the Opax Mountain Silvicultural Systems site and a nearby burned area as one component of understanding limited natural regeneration in these sites. Seeds were placed in plots surrounded by a physical barrier to invertebrates, enclosed in mesh impermeable to small mammals, covered by litter, or unprotected in clear-cut, partially harvested, uncut, and burned areas and monitored for three several-day sessions in 2 years. Daily survival rates of unprotected seeds of both species were equally low: 0.63 in uncut forest, 0.45 in partially harvested and clear-cut sites, and 0.03 in the burned area. Experimental reductions of coarse woody debris reduced seed predation moderately in patch cuts but not in uncut forest. Litter cover or selective exclosure of ground-dwelling invertebrates reduced seed losses only slightly, whereas small mammal exclosures eliminated most seed loss. Deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) are likely the most important seed predators. High rates of seed predation in dry Douglas-fir forests likely limit natural regeneration in harvested and burned stands.

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