scholarly journals Management of Phytophthora Crown Rot in Pumpkin and Zucchini Seedlings with Phosphonates

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1651-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla B. Yandoc-Ables ◽  
Erin N. Rosskopf ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
Affect Disease Severity

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the efficacy of two phosphonate-containing fungicides (FNX-100 and FNX-2500) against Phytophthora crown rot of pumpkin. The experiments were designed to determine the effects of crop cultivar, application method (soil drench versus foliar spray), and phosphonate concentration on the level of effectiveness of a crown rot management strategy using phosphonates. Pumpkin cultivar, treatment (type of fungicide product), phosphonate concentration, and application method significantly influenced the level of Phytophthora crown rot control. Between the two fungicides, only FNX-100 suppressed Phytophthora crown rot in pumpkin. For cv. Phantom, the highest level of control was achieved with the drench application of 3.0% FNX-100 whereas, for cv. Spooktacular, all three concentrations of FNX-100 (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%, vol/vol) applied as a soil drench suppressed or significantly reduced the severity of crown rot. Additional experiments using zucchini as test plants demonstrated that, at the concentrations tested, FNX-100 was more efficacious than FNX-2500 in controlling Phytophthora crown rot and that zucchini cultivar or FNX-100 concentration did not significantly influence crown rot control with phosphonates. In this study, FNX-100, which is not currently labeled for use in vegetables, provided satisfactory disease control in both pumpkin and zucchini whereas FNX-2500, a foliar fungicide comprised of the phosphate/phosphonates and copper, manganese, and zinc, did not significantly affect disease severity. This study, albeit limited in scope, showed that cultivar selection may play an important role in the successful management of Phytophthora crown rot on cucurbits with phosphonates, information which may be useful in designing additional tests and developing management strategies for pumpkin and zucchini that are grown in the field.

scholarly journals Response of Established Landscape Plants to Uniconazole

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
Mark S. West
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Landscape Plants

Uniconazole was applied once as a soil drench (15, 30, or 45 mg a.i./plant) or foliar spray (500, 1000, or 1500 mg liter-1, about 175 ml/plant) to established, field-grown thorny elaeagnus (Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Fruitlandii) and leyland cypress [× Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks]. At the end of the second growing season following treatment, shoot dry weights (SDW) of thorny elaeagnus decreased with increasing rates of drench-applied uniconazole, while SDW of plants receiving the foliar application were not affected by increasing rates. Growth indices of leyland cypress, determined twice during the first growing season and at the end of the second growing season, were not influenced by application method or rate. Uniconazole applied as a soil drench at 15 to 45 mg a.i./plant suppressed growth of established thorny elaeagnus for at least two growing seasons, but leyland cypress was not affected by uniconazole drench or foliar spray at tested rates. No phytotoxicity was observed on either species in any treatment during the experiment.

Evaluation of Biorational Products for Management of Phytophthora Blight of Bell Pepper Transplants

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Camilla Yandoc Ables ◽  
Jason C. Hong ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

There is a critical need for pest control products that are compatible with sustainable agricultural practices, such as those based on natural antagonists or plant defense activators. Four separate, repeated experiments were conducted in which commercially available biopesticides and phosphonate-containing products were evaluated in the greenhouse for the management of Phytophthora blight of bell pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. The phosphonate-containing product, FNX-100, applied as a soil drench, was found to be the most effective treatment for decreasing the incidence of stem and crown rot. A single soil drench of FNX-100 applied at the lowest concentration provided disease control that was as effective as multiple applications of the highest rate. Foliar applications of FNX-100 at any concentration or frequency were ineffective for disease control, and caused pronounced phytotoxicity when compared to the FNX-100 soil drench. The phosphorous acid K-Phite was found to be less effective than FNX-100, but disease symptoms were minimal in plants treated with a soil drench of that product. While the efficacy of three other phosphonate-containing products, Prophyt, Phostrol, and FNX-2500, were inconsistent, it was observed that these products were also more effective in managing disease when applied as a soil drench rather than as a foliar spray. Accepted for publication 18 December 2012. Published 26 February 2013.

scholarly journals Effect of Bioplex™ on Transplant Success of Non-Dormant Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Sammons ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Biostimulants are used to reduce the stress associated with non-dormant (summer dug) harvest of field-grown nursery stock; however, the effectiveness of biostimulant treatment is uncertain. This study tested the effects of three application methods of Bioplex™ (a commonly used biostimulant) to container-grown red oak seedlings on whole plant transpirational water use and growth before and after root pruning. Root pruning was used to simulate field harvest; it removed 59% of the seedling's total root surface area. Bioplex™ application by foliar spray, soil drench or a combination of foliar spray and soil drench, significantly reduced whole plant transpirational water use by 15% for three days after application, relative to untreated control seedlings. Root pruning significantly reduced whole plant transpiration, compared to non-root-pruned seedlings, and had a greater effect on transpiration than any Bioplex™ treatment. The previous season's Bioplex treatment had no effect on the spring growth flush following fall root pruning. Root pruning in fall significantly reduced root and total plant dry weights the following spring. Although Bioplex™ applications significantly reduced transpiration for three days after application, there does not seem to be any long-term beneficial effect when used to mediate summer digging transplant stress.

Enhanced nitrogen management strategies for winter wheat production in the Canadian prairies

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Beres ◽  
R.J. Graf ◽  
R.B. Irvine ◽  
J.T. O’Donovan ◽  
K.N. Harker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Side Band ◽  
Application Method

To address knowledge gaps around enhanced efficiency urea fertilizer efficacy for nitrogen (N) management, a study was designed to improve integrated nutrient management systems for western Canadian winter wheat producers. Three factors were included in Experiment 1: (i) urea type [urea, urea + urease inhibitor—Agrotain®; urea + urease and nitrification inhibitor—SuperU®, polymer-coated urea—Environmentally Smart Nitrogen® (ESN®), and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)], (ii) application method (side-band vs. spring-broadcast vs. 50% side-band: 50% spring-broadcast), and (iii) cultivar (AC Radiant hard red winter wheat vs. CDC Ptarmigan soft white winter wheat). The Agrotain® and CDC Ptarmigan treatments were removed in Experiment 2 to allow for additional application methods: (i) fall side-band, (ii) 50% side-band — 50% late fall broadcast, (iii) 50% side-band — 50% early spring broadcast, (iv) 50% side-band — 50% mid-spring broadcast, and (v) 50% side-band — 50% late spring broadcast. CDC Ptarmigan produced superior grain yield and N utilization over AC Radiant. Grain yield and protein content were influenced by N form and application method. Split applications of N usually provided the maximum yield and protein, particularly with Agrotain® or SuperU®. An exception to the poor fall-application results was the SuperU® treatments, which produced similar yield to the highest-yielding treatments. The results suggest that split applications of N might be most efficient for yield and protein optimization when combined with an enhanced efficiency urea product, particularly with urease or urease + nitrification inhibitors, and if the majority of N is applied in spring.

Cultivar Selection and Management Strategies for Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet in Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1083-1096
Author(s):  
Neil R. Miller ◽  
Wilfred Mariki ◽  
Alison Nord ◽  
Sieglinde Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Cultivar Selection

CONTROL OF SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE., IN WHITE SPRUCE PLANTATIONS WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES, STEINERNEMA SPP.

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
Gary B. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Population Reduction

AbstractA spruce budmoth population reduction of 82%, as measured by moth emergence, was realized after a foliar spray in which Futura®, a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.) formulation, was added to a suspension of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). The nematode suspension, which took advantage of the wetting and spreading agents in the formulation, was applied to runoff at the rate of 9785 viable infective juvenile nematodes per litre. Mortality was attributed to the nematodes; B.t. was not available to the cryptic larvae. Soil drench treatments were encouraging, and suggested that applications of nematodes to the soil may be feasible.

Occurrence of copper-resistant strains and a shift in Xanthomonas spp. causing tomato bacterial spot in Ontario

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pervaiz A. Abbasi ◽  
Salah Eddin Khabbaz ◽  
Brian Weselowski ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Copper Resistance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Resistant Strains

Field strains of tomato bacterial spot pathogen (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans, and X. gardneri) were characterized for sensitivity to copper and species composition. A total of 98 strains were isolated from symptomatic leaf and fruit samples collected from 18 tomato fields in Ontario. In greenhouse pathogenicity tests, most of the field strains caused severe (37 strains) to highly severe (23 strains) symptoms on ‘Bonny Best’ tomato plants, whereas 38 strains caused moderate symptoms. In MGY agar plates amended with various concentrations of copper sulfate, 11 strains were completely sensitive (no growth) and 87 strains were resistant (grew on 1.0 mmol/L or higher copper concentration). PCR analysis of the hrp gene cluster followed by restriction digestion with HaeIII and sequencing identified X. gardneri (35 strains) and X. perforans (26 strains) as predominant species and X. euvesicatoria and X. vesicatoria as less common species in Ontario tomato fields. Separation of field strains into various species was also confirmed with starch hydrolysis activity on agar medium. Moreover, 72 field strains produced shiny greenish-yellow colonies surrounded by a milky zone on xanthomonad differential (Xan-D) medium, and the colonies of 26 strains did not produce a milky zone. Thirty-four strains could not be clustered into any species and 25 of those strains were negative for the hrp gene PCR and also did not produce a milky zone around colonies on Xan-D medium. Our results suggest a widespread existence of copper-resistant strains and an increase in X. perforans strains of bacterial spot pathogen in Ontario. This information on copper resistance and species composition within bacterial spot pathogens in Ontario will be helpful for developing effective disease management strategies, making cultivar selection, and breeding new tomato cultivars.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE ON BARLEY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Larter ◽  
M. Samii ◽  
F. W. Sosulski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Moisture Regimes

A study was made of the effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) applied to the varieties Parkland and Hannchen barley grown under controlled environmental conditions and predetermined soil moisture regimes. When applied to seedlings as either a soil drench or as a foliar spray, CCC retarded internode elongation thereby significantly reducing the height of plants as measured at maturity. A varietal difference in the response to a given treatment was evident with Parkland being more sensitive than Hannchen. Moreover, measured in terms of growth responses, application of CCC as a soil drench was more effective than as a foliar spray.Treatments in the range of 10−1–10−4 M significantly increased tiller number and seed yield on plants grown under a high moisture regime (daily watering). Under restricted soil moistures, however, neither grain yield nor plant weights (tops) were affected by CCC treatment. Treated plants grown under soil moisture stress used less water per unit weight of dry matter than did untreated plants.

Control of Phytophthora canker with phosphonate in artificially inoculated almond and cherry trees

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Wicks ◽  
B Hall
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Cherry Trees

Phosphonate (H3P03; as FOLI-R-FOS 200) applied as either a soil drench, foliar spray or trunk injection before infection inhibited the development of cankers in almond and cherry trees inoculated with Phytophthora cambivora. Phosphonate applied to the foliage in autumn and spring at rates up to 2 g a.i./L was the most effective treatment. Soil drenches up to 10 g a.i./L were also effective, particularly on young trees. Trunk injections completely inhibited the development of P. cambivora in many cases, but due to a possible phytotoxic reaction, the treatment was most suited for mature trees. Foliar sprays of phosphonate are likely to be most practical treatment as these could be applied with other foliar treatments. The inhibitory effect of phosphonate on canker growth persisted for at least 48 weeks after treatment, irrespective of the method of application.

scholarly journals Painted Containers: A New Method for Paclobutrazol Application

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 655e-655
Author(s):  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
New Method ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effectiveness of two application methods of the growth regulator paclobutrazol on the growth of Chrysanthemum plants, Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat) (cv. `Fina' and `Cream Dana') were compared. Plants were grown in containers with their interior covered by a mixture of flat latex paint and several concentrations of paclobutrazol (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 150, 160, and 200 mg·L–1) or were treated with a soil drench of the growth regulator according to label recommendations (59 ml/container of paclobutrazol solution at 4 mg·L–1). Plants grown in containers with the paint–paclobutrazol mix at concentrations >80 mg·L–1 were shorter than plants given the control and paint only treatments but taller than plants given the drench treatment. Increasing paclobutrazol concentrations in paint from 100 to 150 and 200 mg·L–1 did not produce proportionately shorter plants. Paint alone had no effect on growth and development. Plants subject to growth regulator treatments appeared greener than the control plants. None of the plants given treatments with paint with or without paclobutrazol showed any sign of phytotoxicity. These results suggest the possibility of a new application method for systemic chemicals with the potential of reducing or eliminating worker protection standard restricted entry intervals and reducing the release of chemicals to the environment. Chemical name used: beta-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

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