scholarly journals Sexually Fertile Magnaporthe grisea Rice Pathogens in Thailand

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonsak Mekwatanakarn ◽  
Wichai Kositratana ◽  
Tawatchai Phromraksa ◽  
R. S. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Rice Pathogens ◽  
Central Thailand

Sexual fertility and mating type distribution of Magnaporthe grisea field isolates collected in Thailand were analyzed from sites previously found to harbor diverse populations of the pathogen. Three hundred forty-one single conidium isolates of M. grisea collected from five sites in north, northeast, and central Thailand were evaluated for in vitro sexual fertility and mating type by pairing with strains of known mating type. Most isolates (67%) were infertile when crossed with the hermaphrodite tester strains; but fertile isolates of each mating type that yielded viable ascospores were detected in all sites from the northeastern and northern regions. MAT1-2 predominated over MAT1-1 in bioassay mating type. Male fertility (female sterility) predominated in fertile MAT1-1 (50 to 75%) and MAT1-2 (50 to 85%) isolates from all locations in Thailand; however, hermaphroditic and/or female fertile isolates were also detected in all but one site. Fertility, as determined by perithecia density, was low (<10 perithecia cm-2) for most isolates, although a few produced in excess of 20 perithecia cm-2.

scholarly journals Mating Type Distribution and Fertility Status in Magnaporthe grisea Populations from Turfgrasses in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Tredway ◽  
K. L. Stevenson ◽  
L. L. Burpee
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Two Populations

Populations of Magnaporthe grisea associated with tall fescue and St. Augustinegrass in Georgia were analyzed for mating type distribution and fertility status in 1999 and 2000. A polymerase chain reaction based assay for mating type was developed to facilitate population analysis. M. grisea populations from St. Augustinegrass in Georgia were dominated by the Mat1-1 mating type, whereas populations from tall fescue were dominated by Mat1-2. The opposite mating type was found in low frequency (0 to 5.7%) associated with each host. The fertility status of isolates from two populations was determined using controlled crosses in vitro. Seventy-eight Mat1-1 isolates from St. Augustinegrass were sterile in test crosses, but a single Mat1-2 isolate from St. Augustinegrass was male fertile. Of 87 Mat1-2 isolates from tall fescue, 47 were male fertile in test crosses, but 19 produced perithecia that were barren. All Mat1-1 isolates from tall fescue were sterile. Although both mating types exist in M. grisea populations from turfgrasses in Georgia, no female fertile isolates were identified in sample populations. The predominance of one mating type in eight sample populations and absence of female fertile isolates in two sample populations indicates that sexual reproduction may not occur with significant frequency in M. grisea populations associated with turfgrasses in Georgia.

Mating-type Distribution and Fertility Status in Magnaporthe grisea Populations from Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Consolo ◽  
C. A. Cordo ◽  
G. L. Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Fertility Status

scholarly journals Mating Type Distribution and Fertility Status of Magnaporthe grisea Populations from Various Hosts in India

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Viji ◽  
S. S. Gnanamanickam
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

Production of perithecia, asci, and ascospores by Indian isolates of Magnaporthe grisea is rare and has not been found among the Southern Indian isolates of the blast pathogen. From among 138 monoconidial isolates that infect rice and other hosts, we now report the distribution of mating types (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) of M. grisea in finger millet and paragrass (Brachiaria mutica)-infecting isolates. Twenty-eight of the 96 finger millet isolates, 5 of the 16 paragrass isolates, and none of the 26 rice isolates produced fertile perithecia in laboratory matings with fertile testers. Backcrosses of ascospore progenies to the parental M. grisea isolate but not to the tester strain resulted in fertile perithecial formation, and a further backcrossing scheme indicated definite fertility patterns of Mendelian inheritance in M. grisea.

scholarly journals Buffalo sperm surface proteome profiling reveals an intricate relationship between innate immunity and reproduction

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul Batra ◽  
Vanya Bhushan ◽  
Syed Azmal Ali ◽  
Parul Sarwalia ◽  
Ankit Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Sperm Surface ◽  
Beta Defensins ◽  
Surface Proteome ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Sperm Surface Proteins

Abstract Background Low conception rate (CR) despite insemination with morphologically normal spermatozoa is a common reproductive restraint that limits buffalo productivity. This accounts for a significant loss to the farmers and the dairy industry, especially in agriculture-based economies. The immune-related proteins on the sperm surface are known to regulate fertility by assisting the spermatozoa in their survival and performance in the female reproductive tract (FRT). Regardless of their importance, very few studies have specifically catalogued the buffalo sperm surface proteome. The study was designed to determine the identity of sperm surface proteins and to ascertain if the epididymal expressed beta-defensins (BDs), implicated in male fertility, are translated and applied onto buffalo sperm surface along with other immune-related proteins. Results The raw mass spectra data searched against an in-house generated proteome database from UniProt using Comet search engine identified more than 300 proteins on the ejaculated buffalo sperm surface which were bound either by non-covalent (ionic) interactions or by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. The singular enrichment analysis (SEA) revealed that most of these proteins were extracellular with varied binding activities and were involved in either immune or reproductive processes. Flow cytometry using six FITC-labelled lectins confirmed the prediction of glycosylation of these proteins. Several beta-defensins (BDs), the anti-microbial peptides including the BuBD-129 and 126 were also identified amongst other buffalo sperm surface proteins. The presence of these proteins was subsequently confirmed by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and in vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments. Conclusions The surface of the buffalo spermatozoa is heavily glycosylated because of the epididymal secreted (glyco) proteins like BDs and the GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The glycosylation pattern of buffalo sperm-surface, however, could be perturbed in the presence of elevated salt concentration or incubation with PI-PLC. The identification of numerous BDs on the sperm surface strengthens our hypothesis that the buffalo BDs (BuBDs) assist the spermatozoa either in their survival or in performance in the FRT. Our results suggest that BuBD-129 is a sperm-surface BD that could have a role in buffalo sperm function. Further studies elucidating its exact physiological function are required to better understand its role in the regulation of male fertility.

scholarly journals The Chlamydomonas Mating Type Plus Fertilization Tubule, a Prototypic Cell Fusion Organelle: Isolation, Characterization, and In Vitro Adhesion to Mating Type Minus Gametes

1997 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedra F. Wilson ◽  
Mary J. Foglesong ◽  
William J. Snell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Mating Structure ◽  
Cell Protrusion ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
In Vitro Adhesion

In the biflagellated alga Chlamydomonas, adhesion and fusion of the plasma membranes of gametes during fertilization occurs via an actin-filled, microvillus-like cell protrusion. Formation of this ∼3-μm-long fusion organelle, the Chlamydomonas fertilization tubule, is induced in mating type plus (mt+) gametes during flagellar adhesion with mating type minus (mt−) gametes. Subsequent adhesion between the tip of the mt+ fertilization tubule and the apex of a mating structure on mt− gametes is followed rapidly by fusion of the plasma membranes and zygote formation. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of fertilization tubules from mt+ gametes activated for cell fusion. Fertilization tubules were detached by homogenization of activated mt+ gametes in an EGTA-containing buffer and purified by differential centrifugation followed by fractionation on sucrose and Percoll gradients. As determined by fluorescence microscopy of samples stained with a fluorescent probe for filamentous actin, the method yielded 2–3 × 106 fertilization tubules/μg protein, representing up to a 360-fold enrichment of these organelles. Examination by negative stain electron microscopy demonstrated that the purified fertilization tubules were morphologically indistinguishable from fertilization tubules on intact, activated mt+ gametes, retaining both the extracellular fringe and the internal array of actin filaments. Several proteins, including actin as well as two surface proteins identified by biotinylation studies, copurified with the fertilization tubules. Most importantly, the isolated mt+ fertilization tubules bound to the apical ends of activated mt− gametes between the two flagella, the site of the mt− mating structure; a single fertilization tubule bound per cell, binding was specific for gametes, and fertilization tubules isolated from trypsin-treated, activated mt+ gametes did not bind to activated mt− gametes.

scholarly journals OsMYB80 Regulates Anther Development and Pollen Fertility by Targeting Multiple Biological Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 988-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Pan ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Zhenyi Chang ◽  
Yingchao Xu ◽  
Ming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gel Shift Assay

Abstract Pollen development is critical to the reproductive success of flowering plants, but how it is regulated is not well understood. Here, we isolated two allelic male-sterile mutants of OsMYB80 and investigated how OsMYB80 regulates male fertility in rice. OsMYB80 was barely expressed in tissues other than anthers, where it initiated the expression during meiosis, reached the peak at the tetrad-releasing stage and then quickly declined afterward. The osmyb80 mutants exhibited premature tapetum cell death, lack of Ubisch bodies, no exine and microspore degeneration. To understand how OsMYB80 regulates anther development, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes differentially regulated by OsMYB80 in rice anthers. In addition, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis was performed to identify DNA fragments interacting with OsMYB80 in vitro. Overlap of the genes identified by RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed 188 genes that were differentially regulated by OsMYB80 and also carried an OsMYB80-interacting DNA element in the promoter. Ten of these promoter elements were randomly selected for gel shift assay and yeast one-hybrid assay, and all showed OsMYB80 binding. The 10 promoters also showed OsMYB80-dependent induction when co-expressed in rice protoplast. Functional annotation of the 188 genes suggested that OsMYB80 regulates male fertility by directly targeting multiple biological processes. The identification of these genes significantly enriched the gene networks governing anther development and provided much new information for the understanding of pollen development and male fertility.

scholarly journals Inter-relação sexual de Magnaporthe grisea do trigo e de outros hospedeiros

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA C. BRUNO ◽  
ALFREDO S. URASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea

Foram identificados isolados de Magnaporthe grisea do Brasil a serem utilizados como parentais em estudos de determinação do tipo compatível ("mating type") do fungo. A escolha dos melhores parentais baseou-se naqueles isolados que determinaram o tipo compatível de maior número de isolados de M. grisea do trigo (Triticum aestivum). A inter-relação sexual da brusone do trigo com a brusone de diversos hospedeiros foi avaliada de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros: determinação de tipo compatível (MAT1-1 e MAT1-2), sexualidade (hermafrodita, fêmea e macho), fertilidade (número de peritécios) e produção de órgãos sexuais (peritécio, ascas e ascósporos). Os parentais Bp3a e Br118.2D possibilitaram a identificação do tipo compatível de maior porcentagem dos isolados da brusone do trigo. Entre as diversas gramíneas estudadas, os isolados de brusone provenientes de Brachiaria plantaginea e T. aestivum podem influenciar na alta variabilidade de M. grisea do trigo. Verificou-se variabilidade genética dentro de isolados de Setaria geniculata, sugerindo que a brusone desse hospedeiro pode influir na variabilidade da brusone do trigo. Isolados de brusone do arroz (Oryza sativa) apresentaram baixa fertilidade sexual.

scholarly journals Development of rice pre-breeding resources with blast resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Zh M Mukhina ◽  
E G Savenko ◽  
T L Korotenko ◽  
I I Suprun ◽  
O. A. Bragina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Breeding Resources

Within the framework of this study, the first Russian-Chinese joint program for development of rice varieties with long-term blast resistance was launched on the basis of rice germplasm exchange and the subsequent comprehensive study of the obtained breeding samples, hybridization of Russian and Chinese varieties with specified traits. The genetic diversity of the Chinese rice samples obtained by exchange was studied by biological and morphological traits of plants, taxonomic belonging to a botanical variety, elements of the yield structure, and resistance to lodging. 31 hybrid combinations (F1) from the crossing of Russian and Chinese varieties were used to obtain the BC1 generation. The technologies of cultivation of isolated rice anthers in vitro have been optimized in relation to Chinese genotypes in order to accelerate the genetic stabilization of breeding material obtained from crossing. Phenotyping of Russian and Chinese breeding samples was carried out on the basis of resistance to the local population of the blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr)), on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds. DNA identification of genes for blast resistance was carried out for the same breeding samples. Based on the experimental data obtained, promising samples were selected - prototypes of new rice varieties.

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