scholarly journals Management of Black Spot of Rose with Winter Fungicide Treatment

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
R. S. Roark
Keyword(s):  
Disease Onset ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
A Site

Fungicides were evaluated for their efficacy against black spot of rose, caused by Diplocarpon rosae, when applied during winter months to hybrid tea rose plants in two studies. One study, conducted at two Auburn University campus sites, consisted of applications of horticultural oil, chlorothalonil plus an antitranspirant, and cyproconazole, along with nontreated plants; one site included triforine applications. Rose canes were treated two and three times between late October and February in 1996-97 and 1997-98, respectively; then plants were examined every 2 to 4 days beginning in mid-February for onset of symptoms of black spot. In both years, winter applications of fungicides (chlorothalonil, cyproconazole, and triforine) delayed disease onset compared with treatments without fungicides (nontreated and oil applications). Decreased plant defoliation, as well as improved plant vigor, were observed through the 1998 growing season following fungicidal winter treatments at campus sites; winter treatments with oil did not suppress disease compared with no treatment. In a second study started in November 1997, at a site near Shorter, AL, three systemic fungicides (myclobutanil, cyproconazole, and triforine) were applied to rose canes during the winter; nontreated plants were included. Decreased disease symptoms and defoliation of rose plants were observed early in the 1998 and 1999 seasons following winter applications of cyproconazole and triforine compared with myclobutanil or nontreated plants. Winter treatments with these fungicides did not consistently provide season-long reduction of black spot. However, season-long plant vigor and flower production on plants were improved at the Shorter site following winter applications of any of the above systemic fungicides compared with nontreated plants.

scholarly journals Micromycetes on climbing roses leaves (Rosa L.) in the Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kowalik ◽  
Klaudia Duda-Franiak
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Penicillium Brevicompactum

<p>Micromycetes inhabiting the leaves of 20 cultivars of climbing roses (<em>Rosa</em> L.), grown in Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow was investigated in the three successive years of research. Sixty-five taxa of of micromycetes was recorded with a few species dominating: <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em>, <em>Pestalotia rosae</em>, <em>Penicillium brevicompactum</em> and <em>Sordaria fimicola</em>, accompanied by various other microfungi. A high abundance of rose black spot caused by <em>Diplocarpon rosae</em> was also observed. The affected leaves revealed advancing necrosis, substantially enhancing at the end of the growing season. Defoliation took place from June to October. Micromycetes inhabiting the leaves of climbing roses in Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow considerably deteriorated the decorative aspect of the plants.</p>

scholarly journals Poor Corticospinal Motor Neuron Health Is Associated with Increased Symptom Severity in the Acute Phase Following Repetitive Mild TBI and Predicts Early ALS Onset in Genetically Predisposed Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Mor R. Alkaslasi ◽  
Noell E. Cho ◽  
Navpreet K. Dhillon ◽  
Oksana Shelest ◽  
Patricia S. Haro-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Corticospinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-established risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, however, a link between TBI and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has not been clearly elucidated. Using the SOD1G93A rat model known to recapitulate the human ALS condition, we found that exposure to mild, repetitive TBI lead ALS rats to experience earlier disease onset and shortened survival relative to their sham counterparts. Importantly, increased severity of early injury symptoms prior to the onset of ALS disease symptoms was linked to poor health of corticospinal motor neurons and predicted worsened outcome later in life. Whereas ALS rats with only mild behavioral injury deficits exhibited no observable changes in corticospinal motor neuron health and did not present with early onset or shortened survival, those with more severe injury-related deficits exhibited alterations in corticospinal motor neuron health and presented with significantly earlier onset and shortened lifespan. While these studies do not imply that TBI causes ALS, we provide experimental evidence that head injury is a risk factor for earlier disease onset in a genetically predisposed ALS population and is associated with poor health of corticospinal motor neurons.

Effect of season, trash and fungicides on fungi associated with subterranean clover

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Clover Pasture

In field studies we monitored the effects of time of season, trash and fungicides on the populations of fungi associated with leaves and petioles of newly sown subterranean clover, particularly in relation to the development of disease symptoms. These effects were compared with the fungal population changes occurring in a nearby established subterranean clover pasture. A range of fungi, notably Leptosphaerulina trifolii, Phoma medicaginis and Stemphylium globuliferum, were found to colonise subterranean clover cotyledons, leaves and petioles readily throughout the growing season from as early as 1 week after emergence. The incidence of L. trifolii and S. globuliferum was reasonably consistent throughout the growing season. Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Myrothecium verrucaria, P. medicaginis and Trichoderma spp. were more prevalent later in the season. Fusarium avenaceum and other Fusarium spp. were more prevalent early in the season, while Pithomyces chatarum and S. botryosum were more prevalent midseason. The fungi isolated showed no ability, under the conditions of this investigation, to cause disease, and there was no correlation between fungi isolated and disease symptoms observed. The incidence of several fungi, especially L. trifolii and P. medicaginis, was greatly increased by the presence of trash from the previous season but was greatly decreased by regular applications of fungicide.

scholarly journals A draft genome sequence of the rose black spot fungus Diplocarpon rosae reveals a high degree of genome duplication

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0185310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Neu ◽  
Jonathan Featherston ◽  
Jasper Rees ◽  
Thomas Debener
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Rose

EVALUATION OF ETHIRIMOL AND BENOMYL FOR CONTROL OF POWDERY MILDEW OF BARLEY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-699
Author(s):  
L. V. EDGINGTON ◽  
E. REINBERGS ◽  
M. C. SHEPHARD
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Varietal Susceptibility ◽  
Inoculum Pressure

Two systemic fungicides, ethirimol and benomyl, effectively controlled powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. hordei) of barley and significantly increased the yield. Ethirimol performed best as a seed dressing or as granules placed in the furrow. Uptake appeared to be dependent on soil moisture. Downward leaching of ethirimol during the growing season was minimal. Application rate may need to be varied according to inoculum pressure and varietal susceptibility. Benomyl failed to give control of disease for a long enough period when applied as a seed dressing, but appeared promising as a foliar spray at midseason.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Low-maintenance Landscape Roses in Central Florida

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozer Mangandi ◽  
Sydney Park Brown ◽  
Natalia Peres
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Scirtothrips Dorsalis ◽  
Major Factors

Environmental conditions in Florida are favorable for the development and persistence of insects and diseases that affect rose (Rosa sp.) plants, necessitating periodic applications of pesticides to maintain plant appearance. In addition, nutrient-deficient and well-drained soils in Florida force gardeners to provide supplemental fertilizer and water. Landscape performance is rarely considered for the development of new rose cultivars; consequently, careful selection of cultivars adapted to local conditions is necessary to reduce maintenance. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations of own-root, low-maintenance roses among 11 old garden and modern cultivars for central Florida. Plants were provided with minimal amounts of water and fertilizer, no control for diseases and insects, and no grooming or deadheading. Weekly evaluations were performed on all plants for plant quality, flower coverage; and incidence of black spot (caused by Diplocarpon rosae), cercospora leaf spot (caused by Cercospora rosicola), and foliar damage [caused by chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis)]. Damage caused by the foliar diseases and chilli thrips were the major factors that affected plant quality, vigor, and subsequently, flower production. Differences in susceptibility to these three factors were found among cultivars, enabling the classification of the 11 cultivars as recommended, cautiously recommended, and not recommended for central Florida. After two years, ‘Mrs. B.R. Cant’ appeared to be the most suited for central Florida as plant quality and flower production were fairly constant. ‘Duchesse de Brabant’, ‘RADrazz’ (Knock Out®), and ‘Spice’ were the next best performers and are cautiously recommended for central Florida. These cultivars were minimally affected by both diseases, showing low severity of yellowing and defoliation nor a decline in flower production. “Bailey Red”, ‘Old Blush’, ‘Belinda’s Dream’, ‘Perle d’Or’, ‘BUCbi’ (Carefree Beauty™), ‘Mutabilis’, and ‘WEKcisbako’ (Home Run®) had severe defoliation, poor growth, and low vigor in this study and do not appear to be low-maintenance landscape roses for central Florida.

scholarly journals Landscape Performance of Buck Roses under Minimal-input Conditions in North-central Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Derald Harp ◽  
Gaye Hammond ◽  
David C. Zlesak ◽  
Greg Church ◽  
Mark Chamblee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
State University ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
North Central ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Central Texas ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Dead Plant

Griffith Buck (Iowa State University) bred roses (Rosa sp.) to survive long, cold winters and hot, humid summers yet still retain their foliage without fungicides. Unfortunately, there is little known about the performance of Buck roses in the southern United States. Thirty-eight Buck rose cultivars were evaluated for flowering, disease resistance, drought tolerance, and overall landscape performance in alkaline soils with no fertilizer, no pesticides, and only limited irrigation. Flowering occurred on a bimodal basis, with the highest per plant mean bloom number (16.3 blooms) and bloom coverage (9.7%) in April, and a second flowering in the fall, with 13.7 blooms per plant and 6.9% bloom coverage in October. Drought stress symptoms were most evident in October, with a wide range of symptom severity across cultivars. Black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) incidence were rare across all roses and years. Landscape performance scores, rated using a 0 to 10 scale with 10 representing a perfect plant and 0 a dead plant, were highest in April (6.5) and lowest in June (4.6) and July (4.6). Landscape performance was not correlated with bloom number or coverage. While unable to recommend many of the Buck roses for north-central Texas, the cultivars April Moon and Freckles, and possibly a few other roses, can join Carefree Beauty™ (BUCbi) as recommended roses for the area.

scholarly journals Spectral Filters and Growing Season Influence Growth and Carbohydrate Status of Chrysanthemum

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal C. Rajapakse ◽  
John W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Carbohydrate Status

The interactions of light quality and growing season on growth and carbohydrate content of chrysanthemum [Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] plants were evaluated using 6% CuSO4 and water (control) as spectral filters. Light transmitted through the CuSO4 filter significantly reduced plant height and internode length compared to control plants regardless of the season. However, the degree of response varied with growing season. Light transmitted through CuSO4 filters delayed flowering. Total number of flowers was not affected by spectral filter, but plants grown under CuSO4 filter had smaller flowers than those grown under the control filter. Light transmitted through CuSO4 filter resulted in reduced leaf and stem soluble sugar (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and starch concentrations regardless of the growing season. However, the magnitude of reduction was greater in spring- than in fall-grown plants. Stems of fall-grown plants had more starch deposition than spring-grown plants under both filters. Filters with specific spectral characteristics can be used as alternative means of producing compact plants in the greenhouses, however, the delay in flowering and smaller flowers could limit their use for growth control of plants intended for flower production.

scholarly journals The effects of ARBs, ACEIs and statins on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection among nursing home residents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton De Spiegeleer ◽  
Antoon Bronselaer ◽  
James T Teo ◽  
Geert Byttebier ◽  
Guy De Tre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Older People ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Disease Symptoms

Background. COVID-19 infection has limited preventive or therapeutic drug options at this stage. Some of common existing drugs like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) and the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been hypothesised to impact on disease severity. However, up till now, no studies investigating this association were conducted in the most vulnerable and affected population groups, i.e. older people residing in nursing homes. The purpose of this study has been to explore the association of ACEi/ARB and/or statins with clinical manifestations in COVID-19 infected older people residing in nursing homes. Methods and Findings. We undertook a retrospective multi-centre cohort study in two Belgian nursing homes that experienced similar COVID-19 outbreaks. COVID-19 diagnoses were based on clinical suspicion and/or viral presence using PCR of nasopharyngeal samples. A total of 154 COVID-19 positive subjects was identified. The outcomes were defined as 1) serious COVID-19 defined as a long-stay hospital admission (length of stay ≥ 7 days) or death (at hospital or nursing home) within 14 days of disease onset, and 2) asymptomatic, i.e. no disease symptoms in the whole study-period while still being PCR diagnosed. Disease symptoms were defined as any COVID-19-related clinical symptom (e.g. coughing, dyspnoea, sore throat) or sign (low oxygen saturation and fever) for ≥ 2 days out of 3 consecutive days. Logistic regression models with Firth corrections were applied on these 154 subjects to analyse the association between ACEi/ARB and/or statin use with the outcomes. Age, sex, functional status, diabetes and hypertension were used as covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of our statistical significant findings. We found a statistically significant association between statin intake and the absence of symptoms during COVID-19 infection (unadjusted OR 2.91; CI 1.27-6.71; p=0.011), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, functional status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The strength of this association was considerable and clinically important. Although the effects of statin intake on serious clinical outcome (long-stay hospitalisation or death) were in the same beneficial direction, these were not statistically significant (OR 0.75; CI 0.25-1.85; p=0.556). There was also no statistically significant association between ACEi/ARB and asymptomatic status (OR 1.52; CI 0.62-3.50; p=0.339) or serious clinical outcome (OR 0.79; CI 0.26-1.95; p=0.629). Conclusions. Our data indicate that statin intake in old, frail people could be associated with a considerable beneficial effect on COVID-19 related clinical symptoms. The role of statins and any interaction with renin-angiotensin system drugs need to be further explored in larger observational studies as well as randomised clinical trials.

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