scholarly journals Molecular and Pathogenicity Characterization of Sphaceloma manihoticola Isolates from South-Central Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Alvarez ◽  
Juan Fernando Mejia ◽  
Teresa L. Valle
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Poly Merase Chain Reaction ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pathogenic Variation

Isolates of Sphaceloma manihoticola, the asexual stage of Elsinoe brasiliensis, were collected from several regions of south-central Brazil. The isolates were obtained from samples of leaves, stems, and petioles of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and the weedy Euphorbia heterophylla (“amendoim bravo”) by directly plating infected tissue onto acidified potato dextrose agar. For pathogenicity studies, 19 isolates were inoculated onto each of two cassava cultivars, MBRA 703 as a susceptible cultivar and MBRA 12 as a resistant cultivar to S. manihoticola. MBRA 703, with the greatest pathogenicity to 58% (11) of the isolates, showed an intermediate pathogenic reaction to 16% (3) of the isolates, and was less pathogenic to 26% (5) of the isolates. MBRA 12, with a less pathogenic reaction to 63% (12) of the isolates, showed an intermediate pathogenic reaction to 16% (3) of the isolates, and was highly pathogenic to 21% (4) of the isolates. The isolates were verified as belonging to the genus Sphaceloma based on their morphological characteristics, including conidia and hyphae of monoconidial isolate. Conidia of isolates were small, thin-walled, ellipsoid to (rarely) globose, commonly with one or two gut-tules. Conidiophores were phialides, hyaline to slightly pigmented 0-to-1 septate; conidiophores from the weedy specie were phialides, hyaline to brown 0-to-2 septate producing hyaline conidia. The isolates also were verified as belonging to the genus Sphaceloma by using a poly-merase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which detected a 645-bp band in all isolates except two (1 and 6) for which the PCR product had 600 bp. Digestion of the amplified product with the enzymes MspI and CfoI allowed differences to be detected in restriction patterns among isolates. A homogeneous banding pattern was obtained for 17 of the isolates but a different restriction pattern was obtained for isolates 1 and 6 of E. heterophylla. This suggests the possibility of another species within this group of isolates. The results indicate the presence of pathogenic variation among isolates of the fungus and an isolate-host interaction, because statistically significant differences were observed between the two cassava cultivars in response to inoculation with the isolates of S. manihoticola.

Molecular characterization of the entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium spp. (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) isolated from white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in British Columbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Leal ◽  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Harry H. Kope
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Lecanicillium Longisporum

AbstractThe entomopathogenic fungal genus Lecanicillium Gams and Zare includes species that are highly pathogenic to many genera of insects. Three species, Lecanicillium longisporum (Petch) Zare and W. Gams, L. muscarium (Petch) Zare and W. Gams, and L. pissodis Kope and Leal, were found to be entomopathogens of adult white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi (Peck), in coastal British Columbia. Morphological characteristics were used to identify these species, but variation in conidial shape and size made it difficult to classify some of the isolates into the correct species of Lecanicillium. To confirm the identity of these Lecanicillium species, we used molecular tools such as polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing.

scholarly journals Characterization of a new natural fiber extracted from Corypha taliera fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Ahmed Tamanna ◽  
Shah Alimuzzaman Belal ◽  
Mohammad Abul Hasan Shibly ◽  
Ayub Nabi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Potential Alternative

AbstractThis study deals with the determination of new natural fibers extracted from the Corypha taliera fruit (CTF) and its characteristics were reported for the potential alternative of harmful synthetic fiber. The physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were investigated for CTF fibers. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization ensured a higher amount of cellulose (55.1 wt%) content and crystallinity (62.5%) in the CTF fiber. The FTIR analysis ensured the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. The Scherrer’s equation was used to determine crystallite size 1.45 nm. The mean diameter, specific density, and linear density of the CTF fiber were found (average) 131 μm, 0.86 g/cc, and 43 Tex, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was obtained 53.55 MPa for GL 20 mm and Young’s modulus 572.21 MPa for GL 30 mm. The required energy at break was recorded during the tensile strength experiment from the tensile strength tester and the average values for GL 20 mm and GL 30 mm are 0.05381 J and 0.08968 J, respectively. The thermal analysis ensured the thermal sustainability of CTF fiber up to 230 °C. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the new CTF fiber is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials.

scholarly journals Bioinformatic tools help molecular characterization of Perkinsus olseni differentially expressed genes

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M. T. Ascenso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Ria Formosa ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Bioinformatic Tool ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Heavy Mortality

Abstract In the 80ies, in Southern Europe and in particular in Ria Formosa there was an episode of heavy mortality of the economically relevant clam Ruditapes (R.) decussatus associated with a debilitating disease (Perkinsosis) caused by Perkinsus olseni. This protozoan parasite was poorly known concerning its’ differential transcriptome in response to its host, R. decussatus. This laboratory available protozoan system was used to identify parasite genes related to host interaction. Beyond the application of molecular biology technologies and methodologies, only the help of Bioinformatics tools allowed to analyze the results of the study. The strategy started with SSH technique, allowing the identification of parasite up-regulated genes in response to its natural host, then a macroarray was constructed and hybridized to characterize the parasite genes expression when exposed to bivalves hemolymph from permissive host (R. decussatus), resistant host (R. philippinarum) and non permissive bivalve (Donax trunculus) that cohabit in the same or adjacent habitats in Southern Portugal. Genes and respective peptides full molecular characterization depended on several Bioinformatic tools application. Also a new Bioinformatic tool was developed.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Bull's Eye Rot of Apple in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvana Soto-Alvear ◽  
Mauricio Lolas ◽  
Inés M. Rosales ◽  
Eduardo R. Chávez ◽  
Bernardo A. Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bull's Eye

Apple fruit in Chile are primarily produced for export to Asia, Europe, and the United States, which typically requires 15 to 40 days of maritime transportation. Therefore, Chilean apple production must fulfill the sanitization requirements imposed by the receiving countries. Under these circumstances, it was important to clarify the etiology of bull's eye rot that can severely affect ‘Cripps Pink’ apple and other late-harvest cultivars in Chile. Based on morphological characteristics and the partial sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequences and β-tubulin genes, Neofabraea alba was identified as the causal agent of the bull's eye rot of Chilean apple. These results were further corroborated using species-specific primers. The incidence of bull's eye rot varied considerably; for instance, in 2009, 0.0 to 58.7% in 38 Cripps Pink orchards surveyed in the relatively arid and humid apple-growing areas of Chile, respectively. There was no evidence for the presence of N. malicorticis or N. perennans, which are commonly identified as causal agents of bull's eye rot in other apple-producing countries. Altogether, these data suggest that N. alba might represent the predominant and possibly the only cause of bull's-eye rot of Chilean apple.

Palynological characterization of a transgressive episode in transitional deposits in the Cretaceous Aren and Tremp formations (south-central Pyrenees, Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Torices ◽  
María-Teresa Fernández-Marrón ◽  
Fernando Fonollá ◽  
Nieves López-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
South Central ◽  
Central Pyrenees

scholarly journals Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathas S. Bittencourt ◽  
Max C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nomina Dubia

The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country. This includes 21 named species, two of which were regarded as nomina dubia, and 19 consensually assigned to Dinosauria. Additional eight supraspecific taxa have been identified based on fragmentary specimens and numerous dinosaur footprints known in Brazil. In fact, most Brazilian specimens related to dinosaurs are composed of isolated teeth and vertebrae. Despite the increase of fieldwork during the last decade, there are still no dinosaur body-fossils of Jurassic age and the evidence of ornithischians in Brazil is very limited. Dinosaur faunas from this country are generally correlated with those from other parts of Gondwana throughout the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, there is a close correspondence to Argentina and other south-Pangaea areas. Mid-Cretaceous faunas of northeastern Brazil resemble those of coeval deposits of North Africa and Argentina. Southern hemisphere spinosaurids are restricted to Africa and Brazil, whereas abelisaurids are still unknown in the Early Cretaceous of the latter. Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages of south-central Brazil are endemic only to genus or, more conspicuously, to species level, sharing closely related taxa with Argentina, Madagascar, Indo-Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, continental Africa.

scholarly journals A taxonomic review of pterotracheoid gastropod mollusks from California Current waters off the west coast of North America

Zoosymposia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
ROGER R. SEAPY
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
California Current ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Gastropod Mollusks ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization

Taxonomic characterization of pterotracheoid gastropods, morphological characteristics and occurrence in California Current waters are reviewed. Single species of atlantid (Atlanta californiensis) and carinariid (Carinaria japonica) from these waters are described and illustrated.

scholarly journals Characterization of indigenous barberry germplasm in Pakistan: variability in morphological characteristics and nutritional composition

Fruits ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqsood Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Anjum ◽  
Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz ◽  
Muhammad Riaz Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Composition

scholarly journals Molecular Typing ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeIsolates by Opa-Typing and Ribotyping in New Delhi, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejvak Khaki ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Ahmad Mir Fayaz ◽  
Sohiela Moradi Bidhendi ◽  
Majid Esmailzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

Control and preventive measures for gonococcal infections are based on precise epidemiological characteristics ofN. gonorrhoeaeisolates. In the present study the potential utility of opa-typing and ribotyping for molecular epidemiological study of consecutive gonococcal strains was determined. Sixty gonococcal isolates were subjected to ribotyping with two restriction enzymes,AvaII andHincII, and opa-typing withTaqI andHpaII for epidemiological characterization of gonococcal population. Ribotyping withAvaII yielded 6 ribotype patterns while twelve RFLP patterns were observed withHincII. Opa-typing of the 60 isolates revealed a total 54 opa-types, which 48 were unique and 6 formed clusters. Fifty-two opa-types were observed withTaqI-digested PCR product while opa-typing withHpaII demonstrated 54 opa-types. The opa-types from isolates that were epidemiologically unrelated were distinct, whereas those from the sexual contacts were identical. The results showed that opa-typing is highly useful for characterizing gonococcal strains from sexual contacts and has more discriminatory than ribotyping that could differentiate between gonococci of the same ribotype. The technique even with a single restriction enzyme has a high level of discrimination (99.9%) between epidemiologically unrelated isolates. In conclusion, the molecular methods such as opa-typing and ribotyping can be used for epidemiological characterization of gonococcal strains.

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