scholarly journals Incidence of Soybean vein necrosis virus in Alabama Soybean Fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Sikora ◽  
Kassie N. Conner ◽  
Alana L. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Weed Host ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Host Survey

Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) was first reported in the United States during 2008 and has since rapidly spread to all major soybean-producing regions of North America. In 2013, a 4-year study was initiated to determine the distribution and incidence of the virus in Alabama soybean fields and potential weed hosts in the state. The weed host survey focused on populations of morning glory growing adjacent to maturing soybeans fields, along with additional commonly occurring weed species found in Alabama. SVNV was detected throughout Alabama (27 of 28 counties tested) and was most common in the northern region of the state. The average incidence of SVNV in fields in northern Alabama increased from 31.8% in 2013 to 82.6% in 2016. Average incidence of the virus in central Alabama soybean fields ranged from 5.1 to 14.8%, and southern Alabama fields ranged from 0 to 8.8% over the 3-year period. Only one population of morning glory tested positive for SVNV during the 3-year survey of this potential weed host. None of the 15 additional weed species screened tested positive for SVNV. This study has demonstrated that SVNV is found in Alabama soybean fields throughout the state and that soybeans grown in northern Alabama are at greater risk for infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Soybean Thrips ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Insight Into

Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus has been linked to an emerging soybean disease in the United States and Canada. Virus distribution and population structure in major growing areas were evaluated. Data were employed to design and develop sensitive detection protocols, able to detect all virus isolates available in databases. The host range for the virus was assessed and several species were found to sustain virus replication, including ivyleaf morning glory, a common weed species in soybean-growing areas in the United States. Koch's postulates were fulfilled using soybean thrips and transmission efficiency was determined. This article provides significant insight into the biology of the most widespread soybean virus in the United States.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soybean for Resistance to Neohyadatothrips variabilis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Noninfected and Infected With Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lagos-Kutz ◽  
M L Pawlowski ◽  
J Haudenshield ◽  
J Han ◽  
L L Domier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Abstract Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) was first identified in Arkansas and Tennessee in 2008 and is now known to be widespread in the United States and Canada. Multiple species of thrips transmit this and other tospoviruses with Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach) (soybean thrips) cited as the most efficient vector for SVNV. In this study, 18 soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., genotypes were evaluated in four experiments by infesting plants with noninfected and SVNV-infected thrips using choice and no-choice assays. In both choice experiments with noninfected and SVNV-infected thrips, the lowest number of immature soybean thrips occurred on plant introductions (PIs) 229358 and 604464 while cultivars Williams 82 and Williamsfield Illini 3590N supported higher counts of mature thrips. The counts between the two assays (noninfected and SVNV-infected thrips) were positively correlated. In both no-choice experiments with noninfected and SVNV-infected thrips, counts of thrips did not differ by soybean genotypes. Further studies are needed to characterize the inheritance and mechanisms involved in the resistance found in the choice assay.

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean vein necrosis virus in Soybean Fields of Oklahoma

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1664-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
O. A. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Seed Crops

Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) causes a new emerging disease of soybean that has been recorded in more than 10 states (1,2,3,4) of the United States, but so far no information is available about its presence in soybean crops of Oklahoma. Surveys of commercial soybean fields were conducted for soybean viruses during summer of 2012. A total of 327 samples were randomly collected from soybean fields in 11 counties. Symptoms typical of SVNV infections including leaf chlorosis and leaf-vein necrosis were observed on some soybean plants in the field (4). All soybean leaf samples were tested against SVNV polyclonal antisera obtained from AC Diagnostics, Inc. (Fayetteville, AR) by dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) (1). Fifty-three samples reacted positively with SVNV antisera. Total RNA was extracted from three DIBA-positive samples collected from soybean plants in Choctaw County and tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using SVNV-specific primers (forward primer 5′-ATGTTCTCTCTATAATAGCCA and reverse primer 5′-ACCCATAACAATTGATCAAGA-3′) that were designed from the available sequence in the GenBank (Accession No. GU722317.1) to amplify a fragment from RNA1. A band of the expected size of 344 bp was observed on a 1% agarose gel in all three samples. The PCR products were purified using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA), cloned (pGEM-T Easy Vector, Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced in both directions. The consensus sequence of the 344-bp fragment was 99% identical with the corresponding region of RNA 1 of SVNV isolate ‘Milan_TN’ (Accession No. GU722317.1). These results confirmed the presence of SVNV in soybean fields, which are mostly located in Criage, Choctaw, Hughes, LeFlore, Mayes, Muskogee, McCurtain, Okmulgee, Ottawa, Rogers, and Sequoyah counties of Oklahoma. None of the samples collected from north central or western parts of the state were positive against SVNV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SVNV in soybean crops in Oklahoma. Soybean is one of the major oil seed crops cultivated on approximately 200,000 hectares annually in Oklahoma and the presence of SVNV could pose a potential threat to the production of soybean in the future. References: (1) J. L. Jacobs and M. I. Chilvers. Plant Dis. 97:1387, 2013. (2) J. Han et al. Plant Dis. 97:693, 2013. (3) D. L. Smith et al. Plant Dis. 97:693, 2013. (4) J. Zhou et al. Virus Genes 43:289, 2011.

Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo H. Poromarto ◽  
Greta G. Gramig ◽  
Berlin D. Nelson ◽  
Shalu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Plant Families

Weeds can be alternate hosts of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major pathogen of soybean in the United States. Weed species from the northern soybean production area of North Dakota-northern Minnesota have not been evaluated for host suitability. Fifty-one weed species with multiple collections from different locations, representing 13 families were evaluated as hosts of SCN. Weeds were inoculated with SCN HG type 0 and a female index (FI) was calculated by comparing reproduction to that on Barnes, a susceptible soybean cultivar. Thirty-three weed species had not previously been tested. For 20 weed species, no reproduction on roots was observed on any collection. For 31 weed species, SCN females developed on roots of one or more collection, but only two weeds, henbit and field pennycress, allowed substantial reproduction with average FI's of 30.5 to 38, respectively; the other 29 species had average FI's of less than 10 and thus were defined as poor hosts. Twenty-six of the weed species from 11 plant families were newly identified hosts of SCN. Collections of species varied in host suitability. Although most weeds were non-hosts or poor hosts, the number of weeds that supported limited SCN reproduction indicates that weed hosts could influence SCN survival and reproduction in the upper Great Plains. Few weed species, however, are major hosts of SCN in this region. Accepted 10 December 2014. Published 28 January 2015.

Determination of weed hosts of soybean cyst nematode in South Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Pawan Basnet ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Emmanuel Byamukama
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts

AbstractSoybean cyst nematode (SCN) causes over $1.2 billion in revenue loss annually in the United States and consistently ranks as the most threatening pathogen for soybean. SCN weed hosts have been documented in other states in the eastern Corn Belt, but very little work has been done in the midwestern Corn Belt. To determine alternative SCN weed hosts in South Dakota, 670 whole weed root samples comprising 63 weed species were collected from 48 SCN-positive fields in 13 counties during fall 2016 and spring 2017. Among the 63 weed species, 12 contained SCN juveniles and 7 were confirmed hosts of SCN based on the completion of the SCN life cycle in greenhouse studies. Ranking of female index (FI) for the weed hosts were purple deadnettle (FI = 34.6) > field pennycress (FI = 26.9) > common mallow (FI = 2.04) > shepherd’s purse (FI = 1.89) > white clover (FI = 1.86) > Canada thistle (FI = 1.24) > common cocklebur (FI = 1.10). These results indicate that some weeds can support SCN, and therefore a proactive weed management approach should be employed for fields infested with SCN.

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean vein necrosis virus on Soybeans in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
M. I. Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Das Elisa

Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) is associated with an emerging disease in soybean producing regions of the United States. Soybean leaves with necrotic vein symptoms were initially noted in 2008 or 2009 in fields across Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky and SVNV was determined to be the causal agent (2). In 2012, widespread reports of SVNV were made across most soybean (Glycine max) producing states including the recent confirmation of SVNV in Iowa and Wisconsin (1). Foliar symptoms similar to those reported for SVNV were observed at approximately 1 to 10% incidence in soybean fields across Michigan in late August and September of 2012, including fields located in Cass, Ingham, Midland, Saginaw, and Van Buren counties. Symptoms included chlorosis and necrosis which initiated on the veins with subsequent spread across the leaf. An initial sample collected from the East Lansing Agricultural Research Station was confirmed to have SVNV with a polyclonal antibody using double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA at AC Diagnostics, Inc. (Fayetteville, AR) and with reverse transcription PCR by Ioannis Tzanetakis, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Additional samples from five fields were subsequently collected from Cass, Ingham, and Van Buren counties. Duplicate leaf tissue samples were tested with DAS-ELISA using the SVNV test kit (AC Diagnostics). All symptomatic leaf samples exhibited a strong positive reaction based on the optical density reading at 405 nm. Absorbance reading that exceeded the healthy soybean tissue by a standard deviation of +3× were considered positive. Total RNA was also extracted from each sample using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD). Complementary DNA (cDNA) was generated using virus-specific LdetR and SdetR primers (2) with the High Capacity RT cDNA kit (Life Technologies; Carlsbad, CA). The cDNA was used as template for PCR with the SVNV-specific primers that amplify regions of the L (LdetF/LdetR) and the S (SdetF/SdetR) RNAs (1). Amplification products of the expected 297 and 861 bp size, respectively, were detected in all symptomatic samples while no amplification products were generated from healthy soybean plant tissues grown under greenhouse conditions. Significantly, this is the first documentation and confirmation of the widespread prevalence of SVNV across the state of Michigan in 2012. References: (1) D. L. Smith et al. Plant Dis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-12-1096-PDN . (2) J. Zhou et al. Virus Genes 43:289, 2011.

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus Infecting Kudzu (Pueraria montana) in the United States of America

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1674-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhou ◽  
N. Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic ◽  
S. Sabanadzovic ◽  
I. E. Tzanetakis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Pueraria Montana

The state of psychotherapy in the United States.

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hartston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

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