Field Application of Brassicaceous Amendments for Control of Soilborne Pests and Pathogens

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Zasada ◽  
H. Ferris ◽  
C. L. Elmore ◽  
J. A. Roncoroni ◽  
J. D. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Pest Suppression

Field studies were conducted to evaluate brassicaceous amendments in combination with solarization against diverse soilborne organisms in cut-flower production systems. Across a diversity of California climates, the application of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) did not consistently reduce populations of Fusarium spp., citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans), or weeds. Solarization in combination with broccoli amendments did not consistently improve pest suppression in cool coastal regions, whereas solarization was an important component of suppression in the hot central valley. When the biomass of broccoli was increased from 4 to 8.4 dry tons/ha, there was a decrease in survival of weeds and citrus nematode but the effect on Fusarium spp. survival was not consistent. A horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia) amendment reduced nematode populations compared to broccoli, but increased field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). Our research demonstrates that soilborne organisms vary greatly in their susceptibility to brassicaceous amendments. The citrus nematode was consistently suppressed by brassicaceous amendments, while the effect on Fusarium spp. and weeds was variable. To achieve consistent and reliable pest suppression in amendment-based management systems, it is essential to determine and understand the component mechanisms active against specific soilborne organisms. Accepted for publication 10 October 2003. Published 20 November 2003.

Use of Quinclorac Plus 2,4-D for Controlling Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) in Fallow

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted in Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming to compare the use of quinclorac plus 2,4-D with picloram plus 2,4-D, dicamba plus 2,4-D, a glyphosate plus 2,4-D premix, and 2,4-D alone for control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)-fallow rotation. Treatments were applied in late summer or fall each year for two, three, or four consecutive years at the beginning and end of each fallow period. Evaluations were taken 10 to 12 mo after treatment each year. Quinclorac plus 2,4-D and picloram plus 2,4-D consistently performed as well as or better than 2,4-D, dicamba plus 2,4-D, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Wheat yields increased when field bindweed was controlled during the fallow period. Strong correlations (r> −0.85) were obtained among visual field bindweed evaluation, biomass, and stand count data.

Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in Early and Late-Planted Processing Tomatoes

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Sosnoskie ◽  
Bradley D. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Field bindweed is a deep-rooted and drought-tolerant perennial that can be difficult to control once it has become established in specialty crops. Field studies were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the efficacy of currently registered preplant (PP), PPI, PRE, and POST herbicides for field bindweed management in both early and late-planted processing tomatoes. Results show that bindweed cover in PPI/PRE programs (trifluralin, alone or in combination with rimsulfuron;S-metolachlor; or sulfentrazone) was reduced > 50% in early planted tomatoes, relative to the no PPI/PRE herbicide treatment (0 to 31% cover at up to 6 wk after transplanting [WAT]). Similar trends were observed with respect to field bindweed density. PP applications of glyphosate to emerged bindweed in late-planted tomatoes, coupled with PPI/PRE herbicide applications, reduced weed cover (1 to 13% at up to 6 WAT) by more than one-half when compared with plots treated with residual herbicides alone (1 to 43% at up to 6 WAT); perennial vine density was also reduced > 50%. PP herbicide burndown applications and the use of residual products can significantly improve the suppression of field bindweed in processing tomato systems. The emergence and vigor of bindweed vines may differ with respect to the timing of transplant operations and should be considered when developing management strategies

Aminocyclopyrachlor Absorption, Translocation and Metabolism in Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bradley Lindenmayer ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Philip P. Westra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Galen Brunk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Field bindweed is extremely susceptible to aminocyclopyrachlor compared to other weed species. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if absorption, translocation, and metabolism of aminocyclopyrachlor in field bindweed differs from other, less susceptible species. Field bindweed plants were treated with 3.3 kBq14C-aminocyclopyrachlor by spotting a single leaf mid-way up the stem with 10 µl of herbicide solution. Plants were then harvested at set intervals over 192 h after treatment (HAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor absorption reached a maximum of 48.3% of the applied radioactivity by 48 HAT. A translocation pattern of herbicide movement from the treated leaf into other plant tissues emerged, revealing a nearly equal aminocyclopyrachlor distribution between the treated leaf, aboveground tissue, and belowground tissue of 13, 14, and 14% of the applied radioactivity by 192 HAT. Over the time-course, no soluble aminocyclopyrachlor metabolites were observed, but there was an increase in radioactivity recovered bound in the nonsoluble fraction. These results suggest that aminocyclopyrachlor has greater translocation to belowground plant tissue in field bindweed compared with results from other studies with other herbicides and other weed species, which could explain the increased level of control observed in the field. The lack of soluble metabolites also suggests that very little metabolism occurred over the 192 h time course.

Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica) and Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Control in Dryland Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Salsola Iberica

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine suitable herbicides for the control of Russian thistle and kochia in field corn grown in a dryland cropping system. Soil-applied atrazine or cyanazine provided inconsistent control of these weeds under dryland conditions. Combining inter-row tillage or 2,4-D applied postemergence with soil-applied atrazine improved the consistency of weed control over years. Postemergence atrazine and dicamba plus 2,4-D controlled Russian thistle and kochia in all years. Corn yields reflected the level of weed control attained with each treatment. The suitability of the various treatments for weed control in corn grown under dryland crop production systems is discussed.

Diluent Volume Influences Susceptibility of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Biotypes to Glyphosate

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla N. Duncan Yerkes ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Amphoteric Surfactant ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Carrier Volume

Two biotypes of field bindweed differing in their susceptibility to glyphosate were used to determine if diluent or carrier volume and additional surfactant could overcome differences in intraspecific response to glyphosate. In greenhouse studies, glyphosate (formulated product) was applied at 1.68 kg/ha in three diluent volumes (142, 189, and 237 L/ha), with and without 1 % (v/v) additional amphoteric surfactant. Nonparametric and ordinal categorical analyses indicated that field bindweed biotype, diluent volume, and surfactant significantly increased glyphosate phytotoxicity 7 DAT. Only biotype and volume were significant 21 DAT. The tolerant biotype was less injured at the 189 and 237 L/ha volumes than the susceptible biotype. Field bindweed injury was similar at a diluent volume of 142 L/ha for both biotypes. These greenhouse studies suggest that control of field bindweed may be improved with glyphosate by using low spray volume in concert with additional surfactant.

Influence of legume cover crops and conservation tillage on soil populations of selected fungal genera

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Rothrock ◽  
W. L. Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Legume Cover Crop

The influence of winter legume cover crops and of tillage on soil populations of fungal genera containing plant pathogenic species in the subsequent summer sorghum crop were examined in field studies. Legume cover crops significantly increased populations of Pythium spp. throughout the sorghum crop compared with a rye cover crop or no cover crop. This stimulation of the populations of Pythium spp. was not solely due to colonization of cover-crop residue, as populations were significantly greater at the time the legume cover crop was desiccated. Removal of aboveground residue generally decreased populations of Pythium spp. in soil. Incorporation of residue by tillage increased populations of Pythium spp. at some sampling dates. Legumes differed in the magnitude of stimulation, with hairy vetch stimulating Pythium spp. more than crimson clover. Cover crop treatments did not consistently influence soil populations of Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia-like binucleate fungi, or Macrophomina phaseolina. Macrophomina phaseolina populations were significantly greater under no tillage.

scholarly journals Aspergillus leaf spot of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) caused by Aspergillus niger in China

SpringerPlus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuekun Zhang ◽  
Hui Xi ◽  
Kejian Lin ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Yu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed

scholarly journals Možnosti zatiranja izbranih plevelnih vrst v Evropi z žuželkami

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Sergeja ADAMIČ ◽  
Stanislav TRDAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Ophraella Communa ◽  
Tyta Luctuosa

Weed control by insects is increasingly important, as chemical weed control (the use of herbicides) has an important impact on the environment and, consequently, on all organisms living there. The use of insects to control weeds thus represents an alternative to herbicides. The article presents the suppression of some widespread and persistent weeds in Europe with their natural enemies - insects. The following combinations presented below are: broad-leaved dock (<em>Rumex obtusifolius</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa viridula</em> (De Geer, 1775), curly dock (<em>Rumex crispus</em> L.) – <em>Apion violaceum</em> (Kirby, 1808), common ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em> L.) – <em>Ophraella communa</em> (LeSage, 1986) and <em>Zygogramma suturalis</em> (Fabricius, 1775), creeping thistle (<em>Cirsium arvense</em> (L.) Scop.) – <em>Cassida rubiginosa</em> (Müller, 1776), cleavers (<em>Galium aparine</em> L.) – <em>Halidamia affinis</em> (Fallen, 1807) and <em>Sermylassa halensis</em> (Linnaeus, 1767), common knotgrass (<em>Polygonum aviculare</em> L.) and black-bindweed (<em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa polygoni</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and as the last one field bindweed (<em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> L.) – <em>Galeruca rufa</em>  (Germar, 1824) and <em>Tyta luctuosa</em> (Denis in Schiffmuller, 1775).

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