A Temperature-Controlled Water Bath Method for Evaluating Soybean Reaction to Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Hashmi ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
M. E. Schmidt ◽  
J. H. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Field Reaction ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection

Many greenhouse screening methods have been tested to evaluate soybean genotypes for reaction to sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. These methods generally have proven disappointing in that results are not consistent among methods or do not correlate with field reaction. In the present study, SDS foliar symptom severity among 24 soybean genotypes was compared using three inoculation methods in the greenhouse. The pathogen inoculum was either mixed (seedbed mixing) or layered (seedbed layering) in the soil medium prior to planting seed and then kept on a greenhouse bench or the inoculum was layered in the soil medium and kept in a temperature control water bath. The water bath method was similar to the layering method with the addition of precise temperature control. The water bath method was superior to the other methods in consistency of SDS symptoms among genotypes among trials and in agreement with SDS field reaction. When disease severity data obtained in the greenhouse were regressed with foliar disease data obtained in field trials, R2 values were 0.56, 0.60, and 0.81 for the seedbed mixing, seedbed layering, and water bath methodS, respectively. The improved ability to predict field response using the water bath method likely results from precise control of the temperature in the rhizosphere. The water bath method described herein will increase the efficiency of selection for highly adapted SDS resistant cultivars by reducing the number of genotypes that must be evaluated under field conditions. Accepted for publication 2 August 2005. Published 6 September 2005.

scholarly journals Inoculation methods under greenhouse conditions for evaluating soybean resistance to sudden death syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1475-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austeclinio Lopes de Farias Neto ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Glen Lee Hartman ◽  
Li Shuxian ◽  
Brian Willians Diers
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Foliar Symptom ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The objectives of this work were to evaluate two greenhouse screening methods for sudden death syndrome (SDS) and to determine which one is best correlated with field resistance of soybean genotypes. The evaluations were done with three sets of genotypes that were classified as partially resistant, intermediate, and susceptible to SDS based on previous field evaluations. These three sets were independently evaluated for greenhouse SDS reactions using cone and tray inoculation methods. Plants were infected using grains of white sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] infested with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Foliar symptom severity was rated 21 days after emergence. The cone and field SDS ratings were significantly correlated and ranged from 0.69 for set 1 to 0.51 for set 3. Correlations of SDS ratings of genotypes between field and greenhouse tray ratings were significant for set 1 and not significant for set 2. The cone method showed the highest correlation with field results and is recommended to screen soybean genotypes for SDS resistance.

scholarly journals Reduction of Sudden Death Syndrome Foliar Symptoms and Fusarium virguliforme DNA in Roots Inoculated With Rhizophagus intraradices

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Pawlowski ◽  
Glen L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Rhizophagus Intraradices ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing interest in incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) into agricultural production because of the benefits they provide, including protection against pathogens and pests. Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a devastating disease caused by the soilborne pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. Multiple management methods are needed to control SDS. The relationship between F. virguliforme and AMF is not well documented. The goal of this study was to determine whether soybean plants co-inoculated with F. virguliforme and the AMF species Rhizophagus intraradices showed reduced SDS foliar symptom severity and reduced relative F. virguliforme DNA quantities in soybean roots. Six soybean genotypes were inoculated with F. virguliforme alone or with R. intraradices in a greenhouse experiment. Averaged over the six soybean genotypes, area under the disease progress curve values and relative F. virguliforme DNA quantities were 45 and 28% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, in roots co-inoculated with R. intraradices compared with roots of control plants inoculated with F. virguliforme only. Weight of roots co-inoculated with R. intraradices were 58% higher (P < 0.05) compared with roots of plants not inoculated with R. intraradices. Nutrient analysis showed higher boron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur concentrations in root tissues of plants co-inoculated with R. intraradices compared with plants inoculated with F. virguliforme (P < 0.05). Overall, this study showed that R. intraradices reduced SDS severity and relative F. virguliforme DNA quantities while simultaneously increasing growth and nutrient uptake of plants. Further testing of AMF inoculants in the field will indicate whether incorporating them into soybean SDS management practices will reduce the impact of SDS on soybean production.

Mapping and confirmation of a new sudden death syndrome resistance QTL on linkage group D2 from the soybean genotypes PI 567374 and ‘Ripley’

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austeclinio L. de Farias Neto ◽  
Rizwan Hashmi ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Shawn R. Carlson ◽  
Glen L. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

scholarly journals Diallel among soybean genotypes with high oil content and resistance to sudden death syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inocencio Junior de Oliveira ◽  
Natal Antonio Vello ◽  
Paulo de Melo Jorge Vieira ◽  
Philip Traldi Wyminersky
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage and Cultivar on Plant Population, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean in Iowa

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Leonor F. S. Leandro ◽  
Daren S. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
No Till ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
The Impact

Conservation tillage has become a common practice of soybean farming in the Midwestern United States owing to the benefits of soil and moisture conservation. Field trials were established in a field with a history of sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by Fusarium virguliforme) in Iowa in 2011 and evaluated for five consecutive years to determine the impact of tillage on SDS and yield. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design with four replicates. The main plot factor was tillage (no-till both crops, no-till corn and chisel plow soybean, and disc corn and chisel plow soybean), and each main plot was divided into subplots of corn or soybeans (in a 2-year rotation). Each subplot was again divided into two subsubplots, in which two soybean cultivars, moderately susceptible (MS) and moderately resistant (MR) to SDS, were planted each year. Root rot and SDS disease index (FDX) differed among years, because some years were more favorable for the disease than the others. However, tillage did not affect any parameters, including yield, in any year (P > 0.05). Cultivar effect was significant for each parameter occasionally. When significant, the MR cultivar had lower root rot and FDX and greater yield than the MS cultivar. These data suggest planting resistant cultivars can be an effective management tactic, but tillage does not help for SDS management.

scholarly journals Benefits and Profitability of Fluopyram-Amended Seed Treatments for Suppressing Sudden Death Syndrome and Protecting Soybean Yield: A Meta-Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Michael T. McCarville ◽  
Eric A. Adee ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The Cost

A meta-analytic approach was used to summarize data on the effects of fluopyram-amended seed treatment on sudden death syndrome (SDS) and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in over 200 field trials conducted in 12 U.S. states and Ontario, Canada from 2013 to 2015. In those trials, two treatments—the commercial base (CB), and CB plus fluopyram (CBF)—were tested, and all disease and yield data were combined to conduct a random-effects and mixed-effects meta-analysis (test of moderators) to estimate percent control and yield response relative to CB. Overall, a 35% reduction in foliar disease and 295 kg/ha (7.6%) increase in yield were estimated for CBF relative to CB. Sowing date and geographic region affected both estimates. The variation in yield response was explained partially by disease severity (19%), geographic region (8%), and sowing date (10%) but not by the resistance level of the cultivar. The probability of not offsetting the cost of fluopyram was estimated on a range of grain prices and treatment cost combinations. There was a high probability (>80%) of yield gains when disease level was high in any cost–price combinations tested but very low when the foliar symptoms of the disease were absent.

Effect of Host Resistance to Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines on Sudden Death Syndrome Disease Severity and Soybean Yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Brzostowski ◽  
W. T. Schapaugh ◽  
P. A. Rzodkiewicz ◽  
T. C. Todd ◽  
C. R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Fusarium virguliforme, the soilborne fungus that causes sudden death syndrome (SDS), and Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), are economically important pathogens that often occur concomitantly in Kansas soybean fields. To examine F. virguliforme and H. glycines interactions across multiple environments, four soybean genotypes with different levels of resistance to SDS and SCN were planted at three to four locations in northeastern Kansas in 2008 and 2009. Pathogen population densities were quantified at planting (Pi), midseason (Pm), and harvest (Pf). At harvest, SDS AUDPC, F. virguliforme root population densities, H. glycines reproductive factors (RF), and yield were determined. The performance of resistant (R) genotypes varied with environment and disease pressure, but SDS-R genotypes were associated with 36% greater yields than SDS-susceptible (S) genotypes in high SDS environments. Even moderate levels of SCN resistance reduced SDS disease severity in SDS-S genotypes. Negative correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between yield and AUDPC, and yield and F. virguliforme root population densities. A regression model that combined both of these covariates explained 57% of the yield variation. Disease severity was positively correlated with H. glycines Pi, but negatively correlated with RF. The data emphasize the importance of combining SDS and SCN host resistance in fields with a history of both diseases. Accepted for publication 6 November 2013. Published 27 January 2014.

scholarly journals Optimizing Conditions of a Cell-Free Toxic Filtrate Stem Cutting Assay to Evaluate Soybean Genotype Responses toFusariumSpecies that Cause Sudden Death Syndrome

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xiang ◽  
M. M. Scandiani ◽  
T. K. Herman ◽  
G. L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Toxic Culture

Cell-free toxic culture filtrates from Fusarium virguliforme, the causal fungus of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), cause foliar symptoms on soybean stem cuttings similar to those obtained from root inoculations in whole plants and those observed in production fields. The objectives of this study were to (i) optimize the production conditions for F. virguliforme cell-free toxic culture filtrates and the incubation conditions of the stem cutting assay used to test the toxicity of the cell-free toxic culture filtrates, and (ii) use the optimized assay and a whole plant root inoculation assay to compare four SDS-causing isolates on a panel of selected soybean genotypes. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were highest (P = 0.05) when cuttings were immersed in culture filtrate of fungus grown in soybean dextrose broth, in filtrate produced from the fungus grown for 18 or 22 days, and when stem cuttings were incubated at 30°C. AUDPC values and shoot dry weights from the whole plant root inoculations and the AUDPC values from the stem cutting assay differed (P < 0.05) among nine soybean genotypes tested with F. virguliforme and F. tucumaniae isolates, and the AUDPC values from the two assays were positively correlated (r = 0.44 at P < 0.0001).

Responses of soybean genotypes to intercropping with maize in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
C. U. Egbo ◽  
M. A. Adagba ◽  
D. K. Adedzwa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Location Interaction

Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.

Diet, total plasma homocysteine concentrations and mortality rates in broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Elevated Plasma

The aim of this study was to determine if total plasma homocysteine (HCY) concentrations and mortality rates due to ascites syndrome and (AS) sudden death syndrome (SDS) in broiler chickens could be lowered by diet. Elevated plasma HCY is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans. A total of 828 day-old male broiler chickens (Arbor Acre) were fed, for 6 wk, either a basal practical diet or one supplemented with excess vitamins B6 and B12, folic acid and betaine to stimulate the degradation of HCY. The supplemented diet decreased plasma HCY by 17% (P < 0.05; n = 16 per diet). Total mortality due to AS and SDS was 18% lower in the supplemented diet but this difference was not statistically significant. Key words: Homocysteine, folate, chickens, cardiovascular disease, ascites, sudden death syndrome

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