scholarly journals Effect of Row Covers on Suppression of Bacterial Wilt of Muskmelon in Iowa

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Adam J. Sisson ◽  
Jon M. Massman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Cucumber Beetles ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Spun polyester row covers, alone and in combination with insecticides, were evaluated for management of bacterial wilt of muskmelon at three locations in Iowa during 2003 and 2004. Following removal of row covers at bloom, more spotted cucumber beetles were counted in the plots with row covers than in the non-covered plots. Row covers delayed the onset of bacterial wilt symptoms and reduced bacterial wilt incidence. In both years, row covers increased both number and yield of marketable melons. There were no significant differences in beetle counts or melon yield among insecticide treatments in 2003. In 2004, however, each of the insecticide treatments had more marketable melons than the non-treated control. Row covers may enable cucurbit growers to reduce reliance on insecticides for managing bacterial wilt. Accepted for publication 31 July 2006. Published 20 October 2006.

EFFECT OF PH ON BACTERIAL WILT INCIDENCE AND PLANT GROWTH IN HYDROPONIC TOMATO

2009 ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hacisalihoglu ◽  
M.T. Momol ◽  
A. Wen ◽  
S. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Wilt Incidence

scholarly journals Evaluation of Grafting Using Hybrid Rootstocks for Management of Bacterial Wilt in Field Tomato Production

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore McAvoy ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman ◽  
Steven L. Rideout ◽  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
Mathews L. Paret
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Seven hybrid tomato rootstocks with possible resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and a known resistant cultivar were tested as grafting rootstocks to impart resistance to a bacterial wilt-susceptible cultivar, BHN 602. Greenhouse studies showed resistance of all the rootstocks to bacterial wilt. The disease incidence and yield of ‘BHN 602’ grafted to these rootstocks were evaluated in open-field tomato production in Florida and Virginia over four seasons. Significant differences in bacterial wilt incidence were observed between grafted entries in three of the four trials. In these three trials, grafted entries consistently exhibited the least bacterial wilt incidence compared with the controls; the self-graft, and non-grafted entries. Over all the trials, tomato plants grafted onto ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘BHN 1054’, and ‘BHN 998’ displayed the least bacterial wilt incidence. Rootstocks had a significant effect on total marketable yield in all the trials with certain grafted entries yielding significantly greater than non-grafted ‘BHN 602’. Field studies show that grafting holds promise for decreasing the impact of bacterial wilt on tomato cultivars as well as increasing the overall productivity of tomato cultivars.

scholarly journals Grafting to Manage Soilborne Diseases in Heirloom Tomato Production

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2104-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary L. Rivard ◽  
Frank J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Soilborne Diseases ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Organic heirloom tomato production is limited in the southeastern United States by foliar and soilborne diseases, thermal stress, and weathered soil structure. Heirloom cultivars command a premium market, but tolerance to disease and abiotic stress is often poor. Organic growers need research that supports the advantages of market niches afforded by heirloom tomatoes through the development of integrated systems to manage pests and reduce risks of associated crop losses or low yields. Two major soilborne diseases common in the southeast, bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) and fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici), were effectively managed using susceptible heirloom scions grafted onto resistant rootstock. In naturally infested soil, bacterial wilt incidence for nongrafted ‘German Johnson’ was 79% and 75% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. ‘German Johnson’ showed no symptoms of bacterial wilt in either year when grafted onto the resistant genotypes CRA 66 or Hawaii 7996. Fusarium wilt incidence was 46% and 50%, respectively, in nongrafted and self-grafted ‘German Johnson’ controls. When ‘Maxifort’ rootstock was grafted with ‘German Johnson’, no symptoms of fusarium wilt were seen, and plants with ‘Robusta’ rootstock had an intermediate level of disease (29%). An evaluation of commercially available rootstock was carried out in three separate experiments in diverse organic production systems to determine yield impacts with low disease pressure. ‘Maxifort’ rootstock significantly increased yield in one location (P = 0.05), but ‘Maxifort’ and ‘Robusta’ rootstock did not consistently impact yield at the other two locations. Grafting is an effective management tool for organic growers in the southeast United States to reduce risk of crop loss resulting from soilborne diseases and will be a valuable component in an integrated pest management program.

scholarly journals 627 Using a Toxic Bait and a Trap Crop for the Control of Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetles and Bacterial Wilt of Cucumbers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 555D-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Meyer ◽  
Greg L. Davis ◽  
James R. Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Cucumber Beetles ◽  
Trap Plants

The toxic bait, Adios, was tested with the use of a trap crop in a field experiment at the Univ. of Nebraska during Summer 1998. The insecticide contains the secondary plant metabolites known as cucurbitacins that are highly attractive to the striped and spotted cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum and Diabrotica undecimuncata howardi, respectively. These beetles serve as the vector of the bacterial pathogen, Erwinia tracheiphila, which causes severe wilting and eventual death of susceptible cucurbits. The objective of the study was to determine whether treatments of Adios, when applied to a flowering trap crop of resistant squash plants, would lure the cucumber beetles away from the susceptible cucumber plants and reduce bacterial wilt. The study compared the effectiveness of a sprayed trap crop, the direct application of Adios to the cucumber plants and no treatment in a randomized complete-block design. A greater number of beetles were attracted to the sprayed and untreated cucumbers compared to the cucumbers surrounded by the treated trap plants. However, significant numbers of dead beetles were found near the sprayed cucumber plants. Untreated plants showed more feeding damage, diminished fruit quality, and an earlier observation date of wilt symptoms as compared to the other treatments. The treated trap plants and the direct application of Adios were effective in delaying infection in cucumbers compared to the untreated plants in the experimental plots. This treatment may be useful to home gardeners.

Erwinia tracheiphila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Cucumber Beetles

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia tracheiphila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cucumis spp., Cucurbita spp., and Citrullus spp. Elliott lists hosts in three other genera, all Cucurbitaceae. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt of cucumber. The symptoms are similar to those of other wilts, leaves and later entire branches wilt and shrivel. Infected stems may exude sticky bacterial slime when cut, which helps to distinguish this disease from other wilts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Canada and U.S.A., also reported sporadically in South Africa, Congo, Japan, China, U.S.S.R., and several countries in Europe (CMI Map 456). TRANSMISSION: The usual vectors in North America are the cucumber beetles, Diabrotica spp., but other insects that cause wounds may also be able to transmit the disease, e.g. grasshoppers (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). It has not been conclusively shown that woodlice play an important role in transmission in the absence of Diabrotica spp., and statements to this effect seem to originate from the conjecture of Bewley in his Diseases of Glasshouse Plants (3: 94). Mechanical transmission on tools or hands of workers also occurs. Infection without wounding does not normally take place, but there is one report of infection along the margins of unwounded leaves that had been artificially water-congested (28: 26). Seed transmission does not occur.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thymol as Biofumigant for Control of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Under Field Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ji ◽  
M. T. Momol ◽  
S. M. Olson ◽  
P. M. Pradhanang ◽  
J. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Volatile plant essential oils thymol and palmarosa oil, used at a concentration of 0.7%, were evaluated under field conditions for control of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The experimental fields were artificially infested with the bacterial pathogen. Two hours after infestation, the plant essential oils were applied, then the plots were sealed with plastic mulch for 3 or 6 days. Tomato seedlings were transplanted into the field 7 days later. In fall of 2002, 92.5% of tomato plants (cv. Equinox) wilted in the untreated control plots. Both thymol and palmarosa oil soil treatments reduced bacterial wilt incidence significantly. Thymol was more effective than palmarosa oil based on the final assessment, when 33.1 and 48.1% of the plants had wilted in plots treated with thymol and palmarosa oil, respectively. Soil treatment with either thymol or palmarosa oil produced significantly higher yield of tomato than the untreated control. In 2003, only thymol was evaluated. Thymol application significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the susceptible cultivar Solar Set. Disease incidence in untreated plots reached 65.5%, while in thymol treated plots only 12% of plants wilted. Thymol treatment also increased yield of Solar Set significantly compared with the untreated control. This is the first report on the use of thymol for controlling a plant disease under field conditions, which indicated that this compound provided effective control of bacterial wilt on susceptible tomato cultivars when used as preplant treatment of soils. Because of its volatile property and broad-spectrum functions, thymol shows potential to be used as a soil biofumigant for the management of various plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Negatively Affect the Yield of Grafted Tomatoes in Fields Infested with Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Kunwar ◽  
Mathews L. Paret ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman ◽  
Laura Ritchie ◽  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Three field experiments were conducted in Florida from 2012-2014 to assess the impact of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a systemic acquired-resistance inducer, applied as foliar spray or through drip-irrigation lines, on bacterial wilt incidence and yield of grafted tomatoes. The experiments were conducted in a field with race 1, biovar 1 strain of Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of tomato bacterial wilt. In all three experiments, the susceptible tomato variety BHN 602, grafted onto a resistant rootstock BHN 998, was compared with nongrafted BHN 602, treated with or without foliar applications of ASM and with grafted plants treated with foliar applications of ASM. In two experiments, an additional treatment of drip applications of ASM on grafted and nongrafted plants was evaluated. Grafting alone or in combination with drip applications of ASM (178.6 μM) significantly reduced disease incidence and increased total marketable yield relative to nongrafted treatments. There were no significant differences between grafted plants with or without drip ASM applications in terms of bacterial wilt incidence or total marketable yield. However, we demonstrate for the first time that foliar ASM applications on grafted plants negatively affects the total marketable yield compared with drip ASM applications on grafted plants or nontreated grafted control.

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