scholarly journals Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Kansas and Eastern Colorado Wheat Fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Todd ◽  
J. A. Appel ◽  
J. Vogel ◽  
N. A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Observations on the prevalence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes were made from soil and root samples collected from 2,640 wheat fields in Kansas and Colorado during 2007-2010. Stunt nematodes (predominately Merlinius brevidens and Quinisulcius acutus), root-lesion nematodes (predominately Pratylenchus neglectus), and pin nematodes (Paratylenchus projectus) were the most commonly encountered taxa. Maximum soil population densities of 6,520 and 1,880 nematodes/100 cm3 soil were observed for pin and stunt nematodes, respectively, while a maximum root population density of 90,309 nematodes/g dry root was observed for root-lesion nematodes. Lower nematode densities were associated with wheat following corn, grain sorghum, or soybean for pin and stunt nematodes, and with wheat following fallow for root-lesion nematodes. Based on the results of this survey, 6% and 8% of wheat acreage in the central Great Plains are estimated to be at risk for significant (>5%) yield loss due to stunt nematodes and root-lesion nematodes, respectively. The number of fields with high population densities of both stunt and root-lesion nematodes was negligible (1%); therefore, the total wheat acreage with nematode populations above provisional economic thresholds is estimated to be ∼13%. Damage relationships with greater accuracy, precision, and relevance are necessary to establish reliable yield loss estimates for this region. 3 June 2014. 11 August 2014.

scholarly journals ROOT-KNOT AND LESION NEMATODES IN COFFEE SEEDLINGS PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian César Terra ◽  
Júlio Carlos Pereira da Silva ◽  
Vicente Paulo Campos ◽  
Sônia Maria De Lima Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

<p>Understanding the mechanisms of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) dispersion is vital to improve control strategies aiming to restrict dissemination of these plant parasites. In the present work, we evaluated the presence of PPN in Arabic coffee (<em>Coffea arabica</em>) seedlings produced in commercial nurseries in Minas Gerais, state, Brazil. A total of 2830 samples obtained from 318 coffee nurseries, in 84 counties within the South and Zona da Mata regions in Minas Gerais, Brazil and representing more than 62 million coffee seedlings, were analyzed. <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. was identified in 11 samples from four counties. <em>Pratylenchus spp</em>. and <em>Rotylenchulus reniformis</em> were detected in 281 and 47 samples, respectively. According to the Regulatory Instruction N° 35 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), in Brazil, coffee seedlings infected by <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. are prohibited for commercialization and/or planting. However, such restrictions do not apply to other PPN. Therefore, seedlings sold in Minas Gerais may constitute sources of dissemination for root-lesion nematodes (<em>Pratylenchus</em> spp.) and the reniform nematode (<em>R. reniformis</em>).</p>

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DENSITIES OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-504
Author(s):  
Julius Bulus ◽  
Peter Abraham ◽  
Mercy Joshua ◽  
Dauda Elisha Shamaki ◽  
Christopher Tobe Okolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an important cash crop in Nigeria. In spite of the economic importance of plant-parasitic nematodes reported on ginger, little or no information is available as regards plant-parasitic nematodes diversity and abundance on ginger in Nigeria. This work was conducted in 2018 to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with ginger in Kaduna state and to determine their population densities. Three Local Government Areas (LGA) were visited and between 12 to 16 ginger farms were sampled per LGA. A total of 42 soil samples was collected at a depth of 0 - 30 cm of the plant rhizosphere. Plant-parasitic nematodes were extracted from the soil using modified sieving and decanting method. Identification to genera level was done using identification keys viewing with dissecting microscope at X40 magnification. Nineteen (19) genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified, with 12 genera occurring in all LGA(s). Scutellonema (113.33), Meloidogyne (110), and Pratylenchus (93.33) were the most abundant per 100 ml of soil when locations are combined. Plant-parasitic nematodes population average was 870-950 per 100 ml of soil. All locations showed a high percentage similarity of plant-parasitic nematodes diversity and were statistically similar. This high diversity and population abundance can be among the reasons for the low productivity of ginger in Nigeria. It is therefore important to educate farmers on the economic importance of plant-parasitic nematodes on ginger and its management. Further research using the most occurring genera to establish the threshold population densities capable of causing economic yield loss needs to be conducted

scholarly journals PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH WALNUT IN THE SANANDEJ REGION OF WEST IRAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jebraeil Bahmani ◽  
Farhad Khozeini ◽  
Shapour Barooti ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Reza Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with walnut was carried out in the Sanandej region, of the province of Kurdistan, in western Iran, during the 2011-2012 time period. After taking samples from fifty-four localities and then doing the routine laboratory work for processing, fixing, and mounting of the nematodes, twenty-one species of plant-parasitic nematodes were finally identified. Among the identified species: Cacopaurus pestis, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne incognita are likely to cause damage. Spiral (Helicotylenchus crassatus, H. digonicus, H. pseudorobustus and H. vulgaris), ring (Mesocriconema antipolitanum and M. xenoplax) and root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, P. vulnus and P. delattrei) were the most predominant nematodes in the sampled area (frequencies in soil were 87.0, 77.8, and 72.2% and 46.3, 20.4 and 14.8% in root samples, respectively). In the present study, Pratylenchus delattrei, Trophurus lomus, Paratylenchus similis, Geocenamus stegus, Helicotylenchus crassatus, Scutellonema brachyurus and Meloidogyne incognita were reported as new species associated with walnut in Iran.

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

Yield of `Superior' Potatoes following Nematode-suppressive Cover Crops

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 525a-525
Author(s):  
Alan W. McKeown ◽  
J.W. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Early Dying ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

`Superior', the common early potato in Ontario, has developed early dying and low yield problems along the Lake Erie Counties. A series of experiments were planted in 1993 to 1996 to evaluate nematode-suppressive cover crops as a means of soil management, improving yield of potatoes, and reduction of plant parasitic nematodes. Sorghum NK557 as a nematode host, reported suppressive species Sordan 79, Trudan 8 sorghum-sudan hybrids, Domo and Cutlass mustard, Forge canola, and `Norlee' flax were compared to either Telone IIB or Vorlex-Cp (225 L/ha) fumigants applied with a deep shank applicator to 30 cm. Fertility and pest management practices followed Ontario recommendations. Northern root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus pentrans Cobb, populations were monitored prior to planting potatoes, during the season, and after harvest. Fumigation resulted in the highest total yields in all 3 years and marketable yield in 1994 and 1995. There was no difference in marketable yield in 1996. Yield was similar among cover crops treatments. Suppressive crops, while useful in soil management, were not as effective as fumigants.

scholarly journals Incidence, Population Density, and Spatial Heterogeneity of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Corn Fields in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2453-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abasola C. M. Simon ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Laura E. Lindsey ◽  
Terry L. Niblack ◽  
Pierce A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Corn Fields ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Soil samples were collected from 425 corn fields in 28 Ohio counties between growth stages V3 and V6 during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Ten morphological groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, namely spiral, lesion, lance, dagger, stunt, pin, ring, stubby-root, cyst, and “tylenchids” (several genera morphologically similar to members of the subfamily Tylenchinae [NCBI Taxonomy] including Cephelenchus, Filenchus, Malenchus, and Tylenchus) were identified. Eight species belonging to six of these groups were characterized. Spiral, tylenchids, lesion, pin, lance, stunt, and dagger nematodes were detected in 94, 96, 80, 57, 48, 48, and 37% of the fields, respectively, whereas the stubby-root, cyst, and ring nematodes were present in fewer than 14% of the samples. Averaged across fields, the spiral, tylenchids, and pin nematodes had the highest mean population densities. For all groups, incidence and population density varied among counties, and in some cases, among soil regions and cropping practices. Both population parameters were heterogeneous at multiple spatial scales, with the lowest heterogeneity among soil regions and the highest among fields within county and soil region. Estimated variances at the soil region level were not significantly different from zero for most of the nematodes evaluated. Stunt and lance were two of the most variable groups at all tested spatial scales. In general, the population densities were significantly more heterogeneous at the field level than at the county level. Findings from this study will be useful for developing sampling protocols and establishing on-farm trials to estimate losses and evaluate nematode management strategies.

Prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice in Ghana with a discussion of their importance

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Coyne ◽  
Richard A. Plowright ◽  
Joe Twumasi ◽  
David J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A survey of plant parasitic nematodes of rice was made in Ghana between 1994-1997. Fifty-one species in 29 genera were found in 145 fields from upland, hydromorphic, rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland ecosystems in the savannah and forest agroecological zones. Eighteen species were endoparasites of roots. In upland/hydromorphic rice fields in the savannah zone Pratylenchus spp. (80% of fields) and an undescribed species of Ditylenchus (78%) were most prevalent, whilst Coslenchus franklinae (84%) and Helicotylenchus spp. (76%) were most prevalent in the forest zone fields. Maximum population densities encountered were 960 C. franklinae per 100 ml soil and 700 Ditylenchus n. sp. per g root. In the savannah zone Hirschmanniella spp. (100%) were more prevalent than other nematodes in lowland rice, but in the forest zone Xiphinema bergeri (71%) was the most prevalent nematode in lowland rice. Occurrence of nematode species was different in different agroecological zones and rice ecosystems. There was no relationship between rice plant height and nematode population densities in crops close to harvest time in upland/hydromorphic fields in the savannah zone. Predominance des nematodes phytoparasites sur le riz au Ghana et discussion sur leur importance - Une prospection concernant les nematodes associes au riz a ete effectuee au Ghana de 1994 a 1997. Cinquante-et-une especes appartenant a 29 genres ont ete trouvees dans 145 rizieres de plateau, de bas-fonds, pluviales ou irriguees, tant en savane que dans des zones agroecologiques forestieres. Dix-huit especes sont des endoparasites racinaires. Dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds en zone de savane Pratylenchus spp. (80% des rizieres) et une espece non encore decrite de Ditylenchus (78%) sont les plus abondants, tandis que Coslenchus franklinae (84%) et Helicotylenchus spp. (78%) le sont dans les rizieres de zone forestiere. Les densites maximales de population observees concernent C. franklinae (960 per 100 cm3 de sol) et Ditylenchus n. sp. (700 per 1 g de racines). Hirschmanniella spp. etaient plus abondants (100 %) que les autres nematodes dans les rizieres de bas-fonds de savane, tandis c'etait Xiphinema bergeri (71%) dans ce meme type de rizieres en zones forestieres. La presence des differentes especes de nematodes varie suivant la zone agroecologique et l'ecosysteme de la riziere. Il n'y a pas de relation entre la hauteur des plants de riz et la densite des populations de nematodes pour des cultures proches de la recolte dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds situees en savane.

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Are Potential Pathogens of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum Used for Biofuels

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfamariam Mekete ◽  
Kimberly Reynolds ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Michael E. Gray ◽  
Terry L. Niblack
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A survey of Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass plots throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with these biofuel crops. During 2008, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 24 Miscanthus × giganteus and 38 switchgrass plots in South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois. Additional samples were collected from 11 Miscanthus × giganteus and 10 switchgrass plots in Illinois, Kentucky, Georgia, and Tennessee the following year. The 11 dominant genera recovered from the samples were Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, Paratrichodorus, Hemicriconemoides, and Paratylenchus. Populations of Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Pratylenchus were common and recorded in 90.5, 83.8, and 91.9% of the soil samples from Miscanthus × giganteus, respectively, and in 91.6, 75, and 83.3% of the soil samples from switchgrass, respectively. Prominence value (PV) (PV = population density × √frequency of occurrence/10) was calculated for the nematodes identified. Helicotylenchus had the highest PV (PV = 384) and was followed by Xiphinema (PV = 152) and Pratylenchus (PV = 72). Several of the nematode species associated with the two biofuels crops were plant parasites. Of these, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. scribneri, P. crenatus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, X. americanum, and X. rivesi are potentially the most damaging pests to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass. Due to a lack of information, the damaging population thresholds of plant-parasitic nematodes to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass are currently unknown. However, damage threshold value ranges have been reported for other monocotyledon hosts. If these damage threshold value ranges are any indication of the population densities required to impact Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass, then every state surveyed has potential for yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Specifically, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, and Longidorus spp. were all found to have population densities within or above the threshold value ranges reported for other monocotyledon hosts.

scholarly journals Frequencies and population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes on banana (Musa AAA) plantations in Ecuador from 2008 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Aguirre ◽  
César Chávez ◽  
Alejandro Giraud ◽  
Mario Araya
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Mesh Sieve ◽  
Plant Parasitic

An analysis of the plant-parasitic nematodes found on the banana (Musa AAA) plantations in the provinces of Cañar, El Oro, Guayas, Los Rios and Santo Domingo of Ecuador from 2008 to 2014 was carried out. The nematode extraction was done from 25 g of fresh roots that were macerated in a blender and from which nematodes were recovered in a 0.025 mm (No 500) mesh sieve. The data were subjected to frequency analysis in PC-SAS and the absolute frequency was calculated for each individual genus. Four plant parasitic nematodes were detected and, based on their frequencies and population densities, the nematode genera in decreasing order was: Radopholus similis > Helicotylenchus spp. > Meloidogyne spp. > Pratylenchus spp. Radopholus similis was the most abundant nematode, accounting for 49 to 66% of the overall root population, followed by Helicotylenchus spp. with 29 to 45% of the population through- out the different analyzed years. From a total of 13,773 root samples, 96% contained R. similis, 91% Helicotylenchus spp., 35% Meloidogyne spp., and 25% Pratylenchus spp. and, when all of the nematodes that were present were pooled (total nematodes), 99.9% of the samples had nematodes. A large number of samples with a nematode population above the economic threshold suggested by Agrocalidad, INIAP and Anemagro (2,500-3,000 nematodes/100 g of roots) was observed in all of the years, the months and the five sampled provinces. The statistical differences (P<0.0001) detected for the nematode frequencies among the years, months and provinces, more than likely, were associated with the high number of samples included in each year, month and province because the variations in the frequencies for each nematode genus were small.

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Infecting Grapevine in Southern Spain and Susceptible Reaction to Root-Knot Nematodes of Rootstocks Reported as Moderately Resistant

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Téliz ◽  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
Hava F. Rapoport ◽  
Fernando Pérez Camacho ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Susceptible Response

Incidence and nematode population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined in 64 samples of soil and grapevine roots collected from commercial vineyards in southern Spain between October 2003 and May 2005. In addition, a histopathological study was done of root-stock roots naturally infected by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Nematodes infecting the rootstocks were identified according to conventional procedures, and the Meloidogyne spp. were furthermore identified by sequence characterized amplified region-polymerase chain reaction (SCAR-PCR) and isozyme esterase analyses. The most important plant-parasitic nematodes detected, in order of decreasing frequency of total soil infestation and root infection (percentage of samples), were Mesocriconema xenoplax (34.4%), Meloidogyne incognita (26.6%), Meloidogyne javanica (14.1%), Xiphinema index (12.5%), Xiphinema italiae (10.9%), Pratylenchus vulnus (6.3%), and Meloidogyne arenaria (1.6%). No disease symptoms were observed on aboveground plant parts of the infected grapevines, except for plants in some fields where soil was infested with the virus-vector nematodes X. index and X. italiae. Those grapevines showed a yellow mosaic pattern in leaves early in the growing season and the internode shortening characteristic of infections by Grapevine fanleaf virus. Rootstocks infected by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) showed distorted feeder roots and large- to moderate-sized root galls, present either singly or in clusters. Histopathology of galled roots showed a typical susceptible response to infection by root-knot nematodes: cellular alterations were induced in the cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and vascular system, including giant-cell formation and severe distortion of vascular tissues. Most Meloidogyne egg masses ocurred on the surface of the galled root tissues, a position that could facilitate dispersion of the nematode eggs and juveniles and the occurrence of secondary infections. Some of the grapevine rootstocks surveyed in this study (Paulsen 1103, Richter 110, Rupestris du Lot, and SO4) had previously been reported to be resistant to Meloidogyne spp.; however, the population densities of these nematodes found in soil and roots sampled in the present study, as well as the compatible host-parasite relationship revealed by histopathology, indicate a susceptible response to Meloidogyne spp. from southern Spain.

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