scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DENSITIES OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-504
Author(s):  
Julius Bulus ◽  
Peter Abraham ◽  
Mercy Joshua ◽  
Dauda Elisha Shamaki ◽  
Christopher Tobe Okolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an important cash crop in Nigeria. In spite of the economic importance of plant-parasitic nematodes reported on ginger, little or no information is available as regards plant-parasitic nematodes diversity and abundance on ginger in Nigeria. This work was conducted in 2018 to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with ginger in Kaduna state and to determine their population densities. Three Local Government Areas (LGA) were visited and between 12 to 16 ginger farms were sampled per LGA. A total of 42 soil samples was collected at a depth of 0 - 30 cm of the plant rhizosphere. Plant-parasitic nematodes were extracted from the soil using modified sieving and decanting method. Identification to genera level was done using identification keys viewing with dissecting microscope at X40 magnification. Nineteen (19) genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified, with 12 genera occurring in all LGA(s). Scutellonema (113.33), Meloidogyne (110), and Pratylenchus (93.33) were the most abundant per 100 ml of soil when locations are combined. Plant-parasitic nematodes population average was 870-950 per 100 ml of soil. All locations showed a high percentage similarity of plant-parasitic nematodes diversity and were statistically similar. This high diversity and population abundance can be among the reasons for the low productivity of ginger in Nigeria. It is therefore important to educate farmers on the economic importance of plant-parasitic nematodes on ginger and its management. Further research using the most occurring genera to establish the threshold population densities capable of causing economic yield loss needs to be conducted

scholarly journals Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Kansas and Eastern Colorado Wheat Fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Todd ◽  
J. A. Appel ◽  
J. Vogel ◽  
N. A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Observations on the prevalence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes were made from soil and root samples collected from 2,640 wheat fields in Kansas and Colorado during 2007-2010. Stunt nematodes (predominately Merlinius brevidens and Quinisulcius acutus), root-lesion nematodes (predominately Pratylenchus neglectus), and pin nematodes (Paratylenchus projectus) were the most commonly encountered taxa. Maximum soil population densities of 6,520 and 1,880 nematodes/100 cm3 soil were observed for pin and stunt nematodes, respectively, while a maximum root population density of 90,309 nematodes/g dry root was observed for root-lesion nematodes. Lower nematode densities were associated with wheat following corn, grain sorghum, or soybean for pin and stunt nematodes, and with wheat following fallow for root-lesion nematodes. Based on the results of this survey, 6% and 8% of wheat acreage in the central Great Plains are estimated to be at risk for significant (>5%) yield loss due to stunt nematodes and root-lesion nematodes, respectively. The number of fields with high population densities of both stunt and root-lesion nematodes was negligible (1%); therefore, the total wheat acreage with nematode populations above provisional economic thresholds is estimated to be ∼13%. Damage relationships with greater accuracy, precision, and relevance are necessary to establish reliable yield loss estimates for this region. 3 June 2014. 11 August 2014.

scholarly journals Incidence and Economic Importance of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Peanut in Texas

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Wheeler ◽  
J. L. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract The distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in five Texas peanut producing counties was determined during 1985 and 1986 growing seasons. Criconemella, the most frequently detected genus, was present in 83.4% of the samples; evidence of crop damage was not observed. Meloidogyne arenaria was detected in 15.5% of the samples. In microplot tests, there was a significant negative relationship between initial populations of M. arenaria and peanut yields; a linear model estimates a 10% yield loss with initial populations of 44–83 M. arenaria/500 cm3 soil. At least 10% of the survey samples were estimated to have root-knot nematode populations exceeding that necessary for a 10% yield loss. Other parasitic genera found in the survey were Pratylenchus (15.7% of the samples) and Belonolaimus (0.8% of the samples). While pod symptoms of Pratylenchus damage were observed, reliable yield loss estimates can not be made with existing data.

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

Improving the management of plant parasitic nematodes in banana: integration of technologies and responding to the demand of the consumers and markets.

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Luis Ernesto Pocasangre Enamorado
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Radopholus similis infesting bananas. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

A multi-pronged approach for the management of plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa.

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Sheila Storey ◽  
Hans Hugo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, and recommended integrated management of plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa. Future research requirements into the use of novel control measures which include biocontrol, novel biology and soil health are also mentioned.

The shifting sands of banana nematode communities under mixed cropping conditions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Danny Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of plant parasitic nematodes infesting bananas. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Impact of plant parasitic nematodes on maize in mid-western USA: an unrecognized or ignored threat to production.

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Abasola C. M. Simon ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Terry L. Niblack
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Western Usa ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter focuses on the economic importance, host range, damage symptoms and interactions with other nematodes and pathogens of plant parasitic nematodes on maize in the mid-western USA. The efficacy of some recommended integrated nematode management (INM) strategies are discussed and future research requirements and problems of the future are pointed out.

scholarly journals Incidence, Population Density, and Spatial Heterogeneity of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Corn Fields in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2453-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abasola C. M. Simon ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Laura E. Lindsey ◽  
Terry L. Niblack ◽  
Pierce A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Corn Fields ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Soil samples were collected from 425 corn fields in 28 Ohio counties between growth stages V3 and V6 during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Ten morphological groups of plant-parasitic nematodes, namely spiral, lesion, lance, dagger, stunt, pin, ring, stubby-root, cyst, and “tylenchids” (several genera morphologically similar to members of the subfamily Tylenchinae [NCBI Taxonomy] including Cephelenchus, Filenchus, Malenchus, and Tylenchus) were identified. Eight species belonging to six of these groups were characterized. Spiral, tylenchids, lesion, pin, lance, stunt, and dagger nematodes were detected in 94, 96, 80, 57, 48, 48, and 37% of the fields, respectively, whereas the stubby-root, cyst, and ring nematodes were present in fewer than 14% of the samples. Averaged across fields, the spiral, tylenchids, and pin nematodes had the highest mean population densities. For all groups, incidence and population density varied among counties, and in some cases, among soil regions and cropping practices. Both population parameters were heterogeneous at multiple spatial scales, with the lowest heterogeneity among soil regions and the highest among fields within county and soil region. Estimated variances at the soil region level were not significantly different from zero for most of the nematodes evaluated. Stunt and lance were two of the most variable groups at all tested spatial scales. In general, the population densities were significantly more heterogeneous at the field level than at the county level. Findings from this study will be useful for developing sampling protocols and establishing on-farm trials to estimate losses and evaluate nematode management strategies.

Prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice in Ghana with a discussion of their importance

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Coyne ◽  
Richard A. Plowright ◽  
Joe Twumasi ◽  
David J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A survey of plant parasitic nematodes of rice was made in Ghana between 1994-1997. Fifty-one species in 29 genera were found in 145 fields from upland, hydromorphic, rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland ecosystems in the savannah and forest agroecological zones. Eighteen species were endoparasites of roots. In upland/hydromorphic rice fields in the savannah zone Pratylenchus spp. (80% of fields) and an undescribed species of Ditylenchus (78%) were most prevalent, whilst Coslenchus franklinae (84%) and Helicotylenchus spp. (76%) were most prevalent in the forest zone fields. Maximum population densities encountered were 960 C. franklinae per 100 ml soil and 700 Ditylenchus n. sp. per g root. In the savannah zone Hirschmanniella spp. (100%) were more prevalent than other nematodes in lowland rice, but in the forest zone Xiphinema bergeri (71%) was the most prevalent nematode in lowland rice. Occurrence of nematode species was different in different agroecological zones and rice ecosystems. There was no relationship between rice plant height and nematode population densities in crops close to harvest time in upland/hydromorphic fields in the savannah zone. Predominance des nematodes phytoparasites sur le riz au Ghana et discussion sur leur importance - Une prospection concernant les nematodes associes au riz a ete effectuee au Ghana de 1994 a 1997. Cinquante-et-une especes appartenant a 29 genres ont ete trouvees dans 145 rizieres de plateau, de bas-fonds, pluviales ou irriguees, tant en savane que dans des zones agroecologiques forestieres. Dix-huit especes sont des endoparasites racinaires. Dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds en zone de savane Pratylenchus spp. (80% des rizieres) et une espece non encore decrite de Ditylenchus (78%) sont les plus abondants, tandis que Coslenchus franklinae (84%) et Helicotylenchus spp. (78%) le sont dans les rizieres de zone forestiere. Les densites maximales de population observees concernent C. franklinae (960 per 100 cm3 de sol) et Ditylenchus n. sp. (700 per 1 g de racines). Hirschmanniella spp. etaient plus abondants (100 %) que les autres nematodes dans les rizieres de bas-fonds de savane, tandis c'etait Xiphinema bergeri (71%) dans ce meme type de rizieres en zones forestieres. La presence des differentes especes de nematodes varie suivant la zone agroecologique et l'ecosysteme de la riziere. Il n'y a pas de relation entre la hauteur des plants de riz et la densite des populations de nematodes pour des cultures proches de la recolte dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds situees en savane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document