scholarly journals Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of a Wheat-Rye 7BS.7RL Translocation Line with Resistance to Stripe Rust, Powdery Mildew, and Fusarium Head Blight

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1713-1720
Author(s):  
Tianheng Ren ◽  
Zixin Sun ◽  
Zhenglong Ren ◽  
Feiquan Tan ◽  
Peigao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Translocation Chromosome ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Multicolor Fluorescence

Secale cereale is used as a source of genes for disease resistance in wheat cultivation. In this study, a homozygous translocation line (RT14-245) that originated from a cross between a commercial wheat cultivar (Mianyang 11) and a local Chinese variety of rye (Baili) was developed. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR analysis demonstrated that the translocation chromosome was 7BS.7RL. Resistance analysis showed that RT14-245 was resistant to prevalent pathotypes of stripe rust and powdery mildew. RT14-245 also exhibited high resistance to Fusarium head blight, which was similar to the resistance exhibited by the wheat cultivar Sumai 3. The results indicated that RT14-245 simultaneously exhibited high levels of resistance against stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight. These results indicate that chromosome arm 7RL in the translocation line RT14-245 is an excellent new resource for wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a New T2BL·1RS Wheat-Rye Chromosome Translocation Line Resistant to Stripe Rust and Powdery Mildew

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Wang ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Lihui Li ◽  
Yongchun Niu ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
New Genotype

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with rye (Secale cereale) 1RS chromosomal translocations are widely used in wheat breeding programs because 1RS carries genes for resistance to several diseases. However, some of the pathogens have evolved into new races that overcome the resistance due to extensive use of cultivars with the resistance genes from rye. Therefore, identification and deployment of new resistance sources with desirable agronomic characteristics are important and urgent. We have used winter rye cultivar German White as a source of genes for desirable traits in wheat improvement. A new genotype named WR04-32 was produced through hybridization and chromosome manipulation between common winter wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6 and German White. This genotype was highly resistant to a wide spectrum of the wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) pathotypes prevalent in China. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result using EST-STS (expressed sequence tag-site tagged sequence) marker STSWE126 specific to 1RS confirmed 1RS in WR04-32, and it was further proved to be a wheat-rye T2BL·1RS translocation line using sequential genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes pAs1 and pSc119.2 (or pHvG38). In addition to its resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew, WR04-32 was genetically stable and had desirable agronomic traits, making it a desirable germplasm for wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Molecular cytogenetic characterization of wheat–Elymus repens chromosomal translocation lines with resistance to Fusarium head blight and stripe rust

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biran Gong ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Sanyue Li ◽  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Lili Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Elymus Repens ◽  
Translocation Lines

Abstract Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici are devastating diseases that affect wheat production worldwide. The use of disease-resistant genes and cultivars is the most effective means of reducing fungicide applications to combat these diseases. Elymus repens (2n = 6x = 42, StStStStHH) is a potentially useful germplasm of FHB and stripe rust resistance for wheat improvement. Results Here, we report the development and characterization of two wheat–E. repens lines derived from the progeny of common wheat–E. repens hybrids. Cytological studies indicated that the mean chromosome configuration of K15–1192-2 and K15–1194-2 at meiosis were 2n = 42 = 0.86 I + 17.46 II (ring) + 3.11 II (rod) and 2n = 42 = 2.45 I + 14.17 II (ring) + 5.50 II (rod) + 0.07 III, respectively. Genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotyping and simple sequence repeats markers revealed that K15–1192-2 was a wheat–E. repens 3D/?St double terminal chromosomal translocation line. Line K15–1194-2 was identified as harboring a pair of 7DS/?StL Robertsonian translocations and one 3D/?St double terminal translocational chromosome. Further analyses using specific expressed sequence tag-SSR markers confirmed that the wheat–E. repens translocations involved the 3St chromatin in both lines. Furthermore, compared with the wheat parent Chuannong16, K15–1192-2 and K15–1194-2 expressed high levels of resistance to FHB and stripe rust pathogens prevalent in China. Conclusions Thus, this study has determined that the chromosome 3St of E. repens harbors gene(s) highly resistant to FHB and stripe rust, and chromatin of 3St introgressed into wheat chromosomes completely presented the resistance, indicating the feasibility of using these translocation lines as novel material for breeding resistant wheat cultivars and alien gene mining.

Registration of the Novel Wheat Lines L658, L693, L696, and L699, with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight, Stripe Rust, and Powdery Mildew

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
Zepan Xiang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Wanquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Disease Resistance and Genes in 146 Wheat Cultivars (Lines) from the Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Kangjie Ma ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Bingjie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage

Wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are the three most important diseases in wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economic and effective method to control these diseases. To assess the disease resistance of commercial wheat cultivars and regional trial wheat lines in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China, 146 wheat entries were inoculated with the Chinese prevalent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) races CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) isolate E09 under controlled greenhouse conditions, respectively; these entries were also tested with the mixed Pst races, Bgt and FHB isolates at adult-plant stage in the field, respectively. The results showed that 108 (73.97%), 83 (56.85%), 99 (67.81%), and 22 (15.07%) entries were resistant to CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, and E09 at the seedling stage, respectively; 102 (69.86%), 24 (16.44%), and 2 (1.37%) entries were resistant to stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight at the adult-plant stage, respectively. Additionally, the possible resistance gene(s) in these entries were postulated by the closely linked markers of stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, and Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb1. Combined with disease resistance and molecular markers tests, 62, nine, and three wheat entries were postulated to carry the Yr9, Yr17, Yr26 gene, respectively, and no entries contained Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr18, Pm21, and Fhb1 gene. This study laid a theoretical foundation for rational utilization of these entries and gene in wheat breeding programs and disease control.

scholarly journals Automatic Evaluation of Wheat Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight Using Dual Mask-RCNN Deep Learning Frameworks in Computer Vision

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Wen-Hao Su ◽  
Jiajing Zhang ◽  
Ce Yang ◽  
Rae Page ◽  
Tamas Szinyei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Feature Pyramid ◽  
Rater Error ◽  
Wheat Lines

In many regions of the world, wheat is vulnerable to severe yield and quality losses from the fungus disease of Fusarium head blight (FHB). The development of resistant cultivars is one means of ameliorating the devastating effects of this disease, but the breeding process requires the evaluation of hundreds of lines each year for reaction to the disease. These field evaluations are laborious, expensive, time-consuming, and are prone to rater error. A phenotyping cart that can quickly capture images of the spikes of wheat lines and their level of FHB infection would greatly benefit wheat breeding programs. In this study, mask region convolutional neural network (Mask-RCNN) allowed for reliable identification of the symptom location and the disease severity of wheat spikes. Within a wheat line planted in the field, color images of individual wheat spikes and their corresponding diseased areas were labeled and segmented into sub-images. Images with annotated spikes and sub-images of individual spikes with labeled diseased areas were used as ground truth data to train Mask-RCNN models for automatic image segmentation of wheat spikes and FHB diseased areas, respectively. The feature pyramid network (FPN) based on ResNet-101 network was used as the backbone of Mask-RCNN for constructing the feature pyramid and extracting features. After generating mask images of wheat spikes from full-size images, Mask-RCNN was performed to predict diseased areas on each individual spike. This protocol enabled the rapid recognition of wheat spikes and diseased areas with the detection rates of 77.76% and 98.81%, respectively. The prediction accuracy of 77.19% was achieved by calculating the ratio of the wheat FHB severity value of prediction over ground truth. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rapidly determining levels of FHB in wheat spikes, which will greatly facilitate the breeding of resistant cultivars.

Screening of an EMS mutagenized population of a wheat cultivar susceptible to Fusarium head blight identifies resistant variants

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavit Chhabra ◽  
Lovepreet Singh ◽  
Sydney Wallace ◽  
Adam Schoen ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Mutant Lines

Fusarium head blight (FHB) primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum is a key disease of small grains. Diseased spikes show symptoms of premature bleaching shortly after infection and have aborted or shriveled seeds, resulting in reduced yields. The fungus also deteriorates quality and safety of the grain due to production of mycotoxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), which can result in grain being docked or rejected at the point of sale. Genetic host resistance to FHB is quantitative and no complete genetic resistance against this devastating disease is available. Alternative approaches to develop new sources of FHB resistance are needed. In this study, we performed extensive forward genetic screening of the M4 generation of an EMS induced mutagenized population of cultivar Jagger to isolate variants with FHB resistance. In field testing, 74 mutant lines were found to have resistance against FHB spread and 30 lines out of these also had low DON content. Subsequent testing over two years in controlled greenhouse conditions revealed ten M6 lines showing significantly lower FHB spread. Seven and six lines out of those 10 lines also had reduced DON content and lower FDKs, respectively. Future endeavors will include identification of the mutations that led to resistance in these variants.

scholarly journals Using the 6RLKu Minichromosome of Rye (Secale cereale L.) to Create Wheat-Rye 6D/6RLKu Small Segment Translocation Lines with Powdery Mildew Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimei Du ◽  
Zongxiang Tang ◽  
Qiong Duan ◽  
Shuyao Tang ◽  
Shulan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Translocation Chromosome ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Small Segment ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Long arms of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 6 (6RL) carry powdery mildew resistance genes. However, these sources of resistance have not yet been successfully used in commercial wheat cultivars. The development of small segment translocation chromosomes carrying resistance may result in lines carrying the 6R chromosome becoming more commercially acceptable. However, no wheat-rye 6RL small segment translocation line with powdery mildew resistance has been reported. In this study, a wheat-rye 6RLKu minichromosome addition line with powdery mildew resistance was identified, and this minichromosome was derived from the segment between L2.5 and L2.8 of the 6RLKu chromosome arm. Following irradiation, the 6RLKu minichromosome divided into two smaller segments, named 6RLKumi200 and 6RLKumi119, and these fragments participated in the formation of wheat-rye small segment translocation chromosomes 6DS/6RLKumi200 and 6DL/6RLKumi119, respectively. The powdery mildew resistance gene was found to be located on the 6RLKumi119 segment. Sixteen 6RLKumi119-specific markers were developed, and their products were cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide BLAST searches indicated that 14 of the 16 sequences had 91–100% similarity with nine scaffolds derived from 6R chromosome of S. cereale L. Lo7. The small segment translocation chromosome 6DL/6RLKumi119 makes the practical utilization in agriculture of powdery mildew resistance gene on 6RLKu more likely. The nine scaffolds are useful for further studying the structure and function of this small segment.

scholarly journals Alien chromatin but not Fhb7 confers Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianrui Guo ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Mian Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, seriously threaten global wheat production. Three wheat-Th.elongatum FHB resistant translocation lines have been developed and used for breeding. Transcriptomic analysis identified a derivative glutathione S-transferase transcript T26102, which was homologous to Fhb7 and induced dramatically by Fusarium graminearum. Homologs of Fhb7 were detected in several genera in Triticeae, including Thinopyrum, Elymus, Leymus, Pseudoroegeria and Roegeria. Several wheat-Thinopyrum translocation lines carrying Fhb7 remain susceptible to FHB, and transgenic plants overexpressing the T26102 on different backgrounds did not improve the FHB resistance. Taken as a whole, we show the application of the chromatin derived from diploid Thinopyrum elongatum successfully conferring wheat with high level FHB resistance independent of the Fhb7.One Sentence SummaryThinopyrum elongatum chromatin from 7EL was successfully applied to wheat FHB resistance breeding, but the resistant gene other than the reported Fhb7 remained unknown.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Genomic Region Associated With Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Chinese Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhe Zhao ◽  
Xinying Zhao ◽  
Mengqi Ji ◽  
Wenqi Fang ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Abstract Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease affecting wheat spikes caused by Fusarium species, which leads to cases of severe yield reduction and seed contamination. Therefore, identifying resistance genes from various sources is always of importance to wheat breeders. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focusing on FHB using a high-density genetic map constructed with 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays in a panel of 205 elite winter wheat accessions, was conducted in 3 environments. Results: Sixty-six significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) were identified (P<0.001) on fifteen chromosomes explaining 5.4–11.2% of the phenotypic variation therein. Some important new genomic regions involving FHB resistance were found on chromosomes 2A, 3B, 5B, 6A, and 7B. On chromosome 7B, 6 MTAs at 92 genetic positions were found in 2 environments. Moreover, there were 11 MTAs consistently associated with diseased spikelet rate and diseased rachis rate as pleiotropic effect loci. Eight new candidate genes of FHB resistance were predicated in wheat. Of which, three genes: TraesCS5D01G006700, TraesCS6A02G013600, and TraesCS7B02G370700 on chromosome 5DS, 6AS, and 7BL, respectively, were important in defending against FHB by regulating chitinase activity, calcium ion binding, intramolecular transferase activity, and UDP-glycosyltransferase activity in wheat. In addition, a total of six excellent alleles associated with wheat scab resistance were discovered. Conclusion: These results provide important genes/loci for enhancing FHB resistance in wheat breeding populations by marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Proteomics View on the Function of Qfhb1, a Major QTL for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Eldakak ◽  
Aayudh Das ◽  
Yongbin Zhuang ◽  
Jai Rohila ◽  
Karl Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Trait Locus

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a highly detrimental disease of wheat. A quantitative trait locus for FHB resistance, Qfhb1, is the most utilized source of resistance in wheat-breeding programs, but very little is known about its resistance mechanism. In this study, we elucidated a prospective FHB resistance mechanism by investigating the proteomic signatures of Qfhb1 in a pair of contrasting wheat near-isogenic lines (NIL) after 24 h of inoculation of wheat florets by Fusarium graminearum. Statistical comparisons of the abundances of protein spots on the 2D-DIGE gels of contrasting NILs (fhb1+ NIL = Qfhb1 present; fhb1- NIL = Qfhb1 absent) enabled us to select 80 high-ranking differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots. An additional evaluation confirmed that the DAP spots were specific to the spikelet from fhb1- NIL (50 spots), and fhb1+ NIL (seven spots). The proteomic data also suggest that the absence of Qfhb1 makes the fhb1- NIL vulnerable to Fusarium attack by constitutively impairing several mechanisms including sucrose homeostasis by enhancing starch synthesis from sucrose. In the absence of Qfhb1, Fusarium inoculations severely damaged photosynthetic machinery; altered the metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogen and phenylpropanoids; disrupted the balance of proton gradients across relevant membranes; disturbed the homeostasis of many important signaling molecules induced the mobility of cellular repair; and reduced translational activities. These changes in the fhb1- NIL led to strong defense responses centered on the hypersensitive response (HSR), resulting in infected cells suicide and the consequent initiation of FHB development. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that Qfhb1 largely functions to either alleviate HSR or to manipulate the host cells to not respond to Fusarium infection.

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