The effect of Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni infection on sweet cherry fruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ann Wright ◽  
Madalyn K Shires ◽  
Christopher Beaver ◽  
Garrett Bishop ◽  
S. Tianna Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Metabolite Content

In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), infection by Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni results in small fruit with poor color and taste, rendering the fruit unmarketable. Yet, the disease pathology is poorly understood, particularly at the cultivar level. Therefore, in this study we examined the physiological effects of Ca. P. pruni infection across a range of cultivars and locations within eastern Washington. We found that infection could be separated into early and established stages based on pathogen titer, that correlated with disease severity, including fruit size, color, and sugar and metabolite content. Furthermore, we also observed that the effects of early-stage infections were largely indistinguishable from healthy, uninfected plants. Cultivar and location-specific disease outcomes were observed with regards to size, color, sugar content, and citric acid content. This study presents the first in-depth assessment of X-disease symptoms and biochemical content of fruit from commercially grown sweet cherry cultivars known to be infected with Ca. P. pruni.

LAPINS AND SUNBURST SWEET CHERRY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DAVID LANE ◽  
HANS SCHMID
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Tree Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

Lapins and Sunburst are new self-compatible, dark fleshed sweet cherry cultivars named by Agriculture Canada Research Station, Summerland, British Columbia. Lapins matures late in the cherry season and has outstanding split resistance combined with other desirable fruit and tree characteristics. Testing to date has shown it to be better than presently grown cultivars. Sunburst is an early cultivar ripening in Bing season and is outstanding because of very large fruit size and very heavy yields. It should be a suitable cultivar in locations where fruit set is a problem and lengthy storage is not required.Key words: Prunus avium, self-compatible, split resistance, cultivar description

scholarly journals Rootstock evaluation in intensive sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchard

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hrotkó ◽  
L. Magyar ◽  
S. Hoffman ◽  
M. Gyeviki
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

During 2000 and 2007, rootstocks of different vigor have been tested in a high density sweet cherry orchard with 'Vera '® and 'Axel'® cultivars at 4 x 2 meter row and plant distance. Trees are trained to Hungarian Spindle with permanent basal branches; in the alley way naturally grown grass is managed by mowing. The first considerable fruiting was in 2004. Every year we measured trunk and canopy parameters of the trees, productivity and fruit size. Our conclusion is that the rootstocks considerably affected the growth, precocity, as well as tree and orchard productivity, fruit weight of sweet cherry cultivars, but these rootstock effects are modified by cultivars, except for growth vigor. According to our results Cema, SL 64, and Bogdany are vigorous rootstocks, moderate vigorous are MaxMa 97, Pi-Ku I , and Tabel® Edabriz, Gisela® 5 and Prob are dwarfing rootstocks. Besides the precocious Gisela® 5 also mahaleb rootstocks CEMA, Bogdany and SL 64 showed considerable precocity, which can be explained by the larger bearing surface to the time of turning to bearing, and a similar or relative large density of burse shoots on fruiting branches. Cumulative yield of 'Axel'® was the highest on Bogdany and on Cerna, contrary to Gisela® 5, which produced only 50% of the previous ones. Cumulative yield of 'Vera'® was the highest on SL 64, and no significant difference was found, compared to trees on rootstocks Cema, Bogdany and Pi-Ku I . Cumulative yield production of trees was smaller on Gisela® 5, Prob, Max Ma 97 and Tabel® Edabriz rootstocks. Corresponding to the literature data of yield efficiency calculated on TCSA basis was highest on Gisela® 5 rootstock. but the efficiency calculated on canopy volume of 'Axel•® trees was similarly high on CEMA and Bogdany, and that of 'Vera'® trees relatively high on CEMA, Bogdany, SL 64 and PiKu I rootstocks. When calculating orchard efficiency al spacing 4 x 2 meters (1250 tree/ha), we received highest yield values on Bogdany, CEMA, SL 64, and PiKu I rootstocks, with large fruit weight. Rootstocks also affect fruit weight. We measured the largest fruit weight on trees on Bogdany.

scholarly journals Genotypic Differences in Sweet Cherry Fruit Size are Primarily a Function of Cell Number

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Olmstead ◽  
Amy F. Iezzoni ◽  
Matthew D. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Understanding the genetic control of fruit size in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is critical for maximizing fruit size and profitable fresh market production. In cherry, coordinated cycles of cell division and expansion of the carpel result in a fleshy mesocarp that adheres to a stony endocarp. How these structural changes are influenced by differing genetics and environments to result in differing fruit sizes is not known. Thus, the authors measured mesocarp cell length and cell number as components of fruit size. To determine the relative genotypic contribution, five sweet cherry cultivars ranging from ≈1 to 13 g fresh weight were evaluated. To determine the relative environmental contribution to fruit size, different-size fruit within the same genotype and from the same genotype grown in different environments were evaluated. Mesocarp cell number was the major contributor to the differences in fruit equatorial diameter among the five sweet cherry cultivars. The cultivars fell into three significantly different cell number classes: ≈28 cells, ≈45 cells, and ≈78 cells per radial mesocarp section. Furthermore, mesocarp cell number was remarkably stable and virtually unaffected by the environment as neither growing location nor physiological factors that reduced final fruit size significantly altered the cell numbers. Cell length was also significantly different among the cultivars, but failed to contribute to the overall difference in fruit size. Cell length was significantly influenced by the environment, indicating that cultural practices that maximize mesocarp cell size should be used to achieve a cultivar's fruit size potential.

scholarly journals 668 Precocious, Dwarfing, and Productive—Will New Rootstocks Ruin the Sweet Cherry Industry?

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 563C-563
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium) can be one of the most profitable tree fruit cultivated in temperate climates. While cherry trees grow naturally to relatively tall heights, new size-controlling cherry rootstocks similar to those used in high-density apple orchards are now a reality. The Gisela series from Germany, the Gran Manier series from Belgium, the Weiroot series, the P-HL series, Tabel Edabriz, and others of international origin are at various stages of scientific and field testing in North America, with some now moving into commercial fruit production. These stocks confer several highly advantageous traits besides vigor control, including precocious fruiting and high productivity. While these obvious traits are exciting, serious problems have also been documented, on occassion, with such phenomena as small fruit size and tree decline. As many of these rootstocks are interspecific Prunus hybrids, might there be significant limitations for fruit quality and orchard longevity? What is known about their susceptibilities to pathogens and pests? What is known about their tolerance to various soil types and/or climatological stresses? Further, with the U.S. and worldwide orchard area planted to fresh-market sweet cherries already expanding to record levels throughout the 1990s and a time-honored agricultural trend toward overproduction until grower profits are minimized (see recent international apple markets), what might be the future impact of such precocious, productive rootstocks on sweet cherry profitability and sustainable production? This overview will address these topics, providing some answers and some areas for future scientific investigation and discussion.

scholarly journals Allelic status of PavCNR12 gene in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. I. Ivanovych ◽  
R. A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Allelic Status ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Aim. In recent decades, Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars. Further progress in the breeding of sweet cherry requires a broad involvement of molecular methods. Especially important is the development of methods for the identification of genes / alleles that control economically valuable traits. The goal of the study was to develop a new method for discrimination of alleles of the PavCNR12 gene, which controls the fruit size in sweet cherry, and to reveal the allelic status of PavCNR12 in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars. Methods. The SNP-polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the PavCNR12-1, -2 and -3 alleles was detected applying comparison of published sequences. PCR amplification of the region was conducted, the obtained PCR products were cut by TaiI restriction endonuclease and separated by electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. The identity of PCR products was confirmed by direct sequencing. Results. A new convenient method for the identification of allelic variants of the PavCNR12 gene using CAPS-markers is proposed. Using the method the allelic status of PavCNR12 in 56 sweet cherry cultivars of Ukrainian and foreign breeding was elucidated. Conclusions. A significant prevalence of the desirable allele PavCNR12-1 over the alleles PavCNR12-2 and -3 was found among the studied cultivars.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, genetic control of fruit size, alleles of PavCNR12 gene, CAPSmarkers, Prunus avium.

scholarly journals Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Alice Vilela ◽  
Eunice Bacelar ◽  
Francisco Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

scholarly journals Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Quero-García ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
José Antonio Campoy ◽  
Camille Branchereau ◽  
Svetoslav Malchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

AbstractRain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7–8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.

scholarly journals PaCYP78A9, a Cytochrome P450, Regulates Fruit Size in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Qi ◽  
Congli Liu ◽  
Lulu Song ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Prunus Avium L

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility allele identification in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Ya. I. Ivanovych ◽  
N. V. Tryapitsyna ◽  
K. M. Udovychenko ◽  
R. A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

Aim. Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars, which still remain almost unexplored at the molecular level. The aim of our study was to identify the self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles) in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces, and to elucidate, to which cross-incompatibility group the cultivars belong. Methods. The PCR was conducted using consensus primers to the first and second introns of S-RNAse gene and to the single intron of SFB gene. The electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products of the second intron of S-RNAse was carried out in agarose gel, whereas detection of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments of the first S-RNAse intron and the SFB intron was performed using a genetic analyzer. Results. The S-alleles of 25 Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and 10 landraces were identified. The S-alleles frequencies and affiliation of cultivars and landraces to the groups of cross-incompatibility were determined. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs and by planning of industrial plantings. Conclusions. In the study, 12 different S-alleles and 79 S-haplotypes were identified. The S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S9 alleles are the most widespread among Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces. The high frequencies of S5 and especially of S9 alleles are characteristic for the Ukrainian cultivars and distinguish them from other European ones. For the Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, the XXXVII (S5S9) cross-incompatibility group appeared to be the most numerous.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, S-locus, Sgenotypes, self- and cross-incompatibility, Prunus avium.

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