scholarly journals Modeling Yield Losses and Fungicide Profitability for Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Brazilian Spring Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
Maíra Rodrigues Duffeck ◽  
Kaique dos Santos Alves ◽  
Franklin Jackson Machado ◽  
Paul David Esker ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Profitability Analysis

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and wheat yield data were gathered from fungicide trials to explore their relationship. Thirty-seven studies over 9 years and 11 locations met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis: FHB index in the untreated check ≥ 5% and the range of index in a trial ≥ 4 percentage points. These studies were grouped into two baseline yields, low (Yl ≤ 3,631 kg ha−1) or high (Yh > 3,631 kg ha−1), defined based on the median of maximum yields across trials. Attainable (disease-free) yields and FHB index were predicted using a wheat crop and a disease model, respectively, in 280 simulated trials (10 planting dates in a 28-year period, 1980 to 2007) for the Passo Fundo location. The damage coefficient was then used to calculate FHB-induced yield loss (penalizing attainable yield) for each experiment. Losses were compared between periods defined as before and after FHB resurge during the early 1990s. Disease reduction from the use of one or two sprays of a triazole fungicide (tebuconazole) was also simulated, based on previous meta-analytic estimates, and the response in yield was used in a profitability analysis. Population-average intercepts but not the slopes differed significantly between Yl (2,883.6 kg ha−1) and Yh (4,419.5 kg ha−1) baseline yields and the damage coefficients were 1.60%−1 and 1.05%−1, respectively. The magnitudes and trends of simulated yield losses were in general agreement with literature reports. The risk of not offsetting the costs of one or two fungicide sprays was generally higher (>0.75) prior to FHB resurgence but fungicide profitability tended to increase in recent years, depending on the year. Our simulations allowed us to reproduce trends in historical losses, and may be further adjusted to test the effect and profitability of different control measures (host resistance, other fungicides, etc.) on quality parameters such as test weight and mycotoxin contamination, should the information become available.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

scholarly journals The impact of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content in grain and yield losses caused by Fusarium head blight in wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
O. Veškrna ◽  
L. Bobková
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium graminearum isolates and a new fungicide Swing Top were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars evaluated in field experiments at two sites for three years for expression of symptoms, deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain and grain yield. The results demonstrate a pronounced and relatively stable effect of cultivar resistance on reducing head blight, grain yield losses and contamination of grain by the mycotoxin DON. It is advantageous that the moderate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was detected also in two commonly grown Czech cultivars Sakura and Simila. Average fungicide efficacy for DON was 49.5% and 63.9% for a reduction in yield loss, however, it was found highly variable in different years and sites. The joint effect of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment was 86.5% for DON and even 95.4% for reducing the yield loss. A very high risk was documented for susceptible cultivars and also the effects of medium responsive cultivars were found to be highly variable in different environments and therefore not guaranteeing sufficient protection against FHB under different conditions.

Fusarium head blight development and trichothecene accumulation in point inoculated Fusarium infected wheat heads

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gautam ◽  
R. Dill-Macky
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch] is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically important disease of wheat, in North America. Warm and humid environments at and shortly after anthesis favour FHB. FHB results in yield losses and quality losses in infected grain due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. The objective of this study was to characterise the influence of different F. graminearum isolates and host resistance on FHB development and mycotoxin accumulation. A series of two greenhouse experiments were established where five single isolates of F. graminearum were tested. Three wheat cultivars were examined: Alsen (moderately resistant), 2375 (moderately susceptible) and Wheaton (susceptible). In the point-inoculation experiments, ca. 1000 conidia were placed into a central spikelet of spikes at anthesis. Point-inoculated spikelets were sampled at different growth stages up to soft dough stage. Samples from both experiment series were analysed for mycotoxins. The susceptible cultivar Wheaton had both the highest FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation. The spread of symptoms both below and above the inoculated central spikelet was significantly higher in 2375 and Wheaton than Alsen. Though deoxynivalenol (DON) did not peak and decline in all experiments, when a peak in the DON content was present it was earlier in 2375 (early milk) than in either Alsen (early dough) or Wheaton (late milk). Though the isolates did not rank similarly in all experiments and in all cultivars, generally isolates Butte86Ada-11 and B63A were more aggressive and isolates 49-3 and B45A were less aggressive in terms of disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation.

scholarly journals Modeling of Yield Losses and Risk Analysis of Fungicide Profitability for Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Brazilian Spring Wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Rodrigues Duffeck ◽  
Kaique dos Santos Alves ◽  
Franklin Jackson Machado ◽  
Paul David Esker ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Damage Coefficient ◽  
Serious Disease

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), caused by theFusarium graminearumspecies complex, is a serious disease of wheat in Brazil. A review of literature on fungicide efficacy for field trials evaluated in Brazil was conducted to obtain FHB-yield data and explore their relationship. Thirty-seven studies (9 years and 11 locations) met the criteria for inclusion (FHB index ≥ 5% and max-min range ≥ 4 percent points [p.p.]). Studies were group into two production situations: low (Yl≤ 3,631 kg ha−1) or high (Yh> 3,631 kg ha−1) yield, based on the median of maximum yields across trials. Population-average intercepts, but not the slopes, from fitting a random-coefficients model, differed significantly betweenYl(2,883.6 kg ha−1) andYh(4,419.5 kg ha−1). The calculated damage coefficient was 1.05 %−1and 1.60 %−1forYhandYl, respectively. A crop model simulated attainable wheat yields for 10 planting dates within each year during a 28-year period, including prior (1980-1989) and after (1990-2007) FHB resurgence. Simulated losses using disease predictions to penalize yield were in general agreement in magnitude with literature reports, for both periods. Economic analysis for scenarios of variable fungicide costs and wheat prices, and one versus two sprays of tebuconazole, showed that the probability of not-offsetting the costs was higher (> 0.75) prior to FHB resurgence than after the 1990. Our approach may be useful for designing of longlasting, yet profitable, contingency tactics to management FHB in wheat. Currently one spray of triazole fungicide during flowering is more likely a profitable decision than applying two sprays, for which there is greater uncertainty.

scholarly journals Effects of fungicides applied at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
R.A. Parkes ◽  
K.I. Sinclair ◽  
D.R. Lauren ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat can cause yield losses of 3070 More importantly affected grain may be less palatable to stock than healthy grain and may contain mycotoxins A field trial in 2000/01 tested several fungicides and fungicide combinations for FHB control FHB incidence was 91 in untreated plots The greatest reduction of FHB incidence grain Fusarium and mycotoxins was achieved with triazoles a benzimadazole or a combination of these Strobilurin fungicides reduced FHB although less effectively than the triazoles and carbendazim but Fusarium incidence was greater in grain harvested from strobilurintreated plots than in grain from untreated plots Combining strobilurin fungicides with fungicides from other groups did not further reduce Fusarium levels in harvested grain Nine Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale were isolated from grain harvested from the trial Fusarium graminearum and F avenaceum were most commonly isolated with F crookwellense and F culmorum also common

scholarly journals A Review of Rain-Fed Wheat Production Constraints in Zambia

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batiseba Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Rain Season ◽  
Small Holder Farmers

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop in Zambia. It is the second most widely grown cereal crop after maize. However, its production and productivity during summer rain season is limited by socio-economic, abiotic and biotic constraints. The socio-economic factors limiting high wheat yield are high cost of inputs, lack of improved rain-fed wheat seed, lack of affordable loans, lack of access to market information and poor mechanization. The abiotic constraints on the other hand include drought, high temperature and aluminium toxicity. Biotic constraints affecting rain-fed wheat production include various weeds, pests (aphids, grass hoppers, pink stalk borers and termites) and diseases (powderly mildew, loose smut, leaf rust, fusarium head blight and spot blotch). Termites being the most serious and destructive pest of rain-fed wheat. Spot blotch is the most devastating and widely distributed among the diseases causing high yield losses of between 7-100% followed by fusarium head blight. This review paper, looks at the factors that limit the production and productivity of rain-fed wheat among small holder farmers in Zambia.

Instant Insights: Fusarium in cereals

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact

This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on fusarium in cereal crops. The first chapter describes how progress can be built over current agricultural practices in integrated pest management plans. It also addresses the disease cycle of Fusarium head blight, host–pathogen interactions, genetic resistance, the role of mycotoxins, as well as the impact of the disease on yields and loss of crop quality. The second chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley, as well as what we know about the mechanisms of barley genetic resistance to fungal pathogens. It features detailed discussions on biotrophic foliar diseases such as stem rust and powdery mildew and necrotrophic diseases such as spot blotch and Fusarium head blight. The third chapter reviews control measures for Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew, including the development of resistant cultivars. The final chapter considers the current status of global wheat production, the impact of crop loss on food security and the emergence of the current regulatory environment surrounding pesticides. It also features discussions on the current status of the global fungicide market.

scholarly journals Two Different Inoculation Methods Unveiled the Relative Independence of DON Accumulation in Wheat Kernels from Disease Severity on Spike after Infection by Fusarium Head Blight

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Chen Hua ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Zhengxi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes wheat yield loss and mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) accumulation in wheat kernel. Developing wheat cultivars with overall resistance to both FHB spread within a spike and DON accumulation in kernels is crucial for ensuring food security and food safety. Here, two relatively novel inoculation methods, bilateral floret inoculation (BFI) and basal rachis internode injection (BRII), were simultaneously employed to evaluate disease severity and DON content in kernels in a segregating population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from Ning 7840 (carrying Fhb1) and Clark (without Fhb1). Under both inoculation methods, four contrasting combinations of disease severity and DON content were identified: high severity/high DON (HSHD), high severity/low DON (HSLD), low severity/high DON (LSHD) and low severity/low DON (LSLD). Unexpectedly, the BRII method clearly indicated that disease severity was not necessarily relevant to DON concentration. The effects of Fhb1 on disease severity, and on DON concentrations, agreed very well across the two methods. Several lines carrying Fhb1 showed extremely higher severity and (or) DON content under both inoculation methods. The “Mahalanobis distance” (MD) method was used to rate overall resistance of a line by inclusion of both disease severity and DON content over both methods to select LSLD lines.

scholarly journals Single and sequential applications of metconazole alone or in mixture with pyraclostrobin to improve Fusarium head blight control and wheat yield in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piérri Spolti ◽  
Denis S. Guerra ◽  
Eliana Badiale-Furlong ◽  
Emerson M. Del Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Effects of genotype, environment and fungicide treatment on development of Fusarium head blight and accumulation of DON in winter wheat grain

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
L. Leišová ◽  
S. Sýkorová ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Reactions to artificial infection with <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and (metconazole- or tebuconazole-based) fungicides were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars that were evaluated in field experiments at the location Prague-Ruzyne for four years (2001&minus;2004) for deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain, pathogen DNA content (Ct) by real-time quantitative PCR, percentage of Fusarium damaged grains (FDG), symptom scores and reductions in grain yield components. All examined traits were highly affected by conditions of experimental years and interactions with cultivars and treatments. Moderately resistant cultivars Arina and Petrus were included in the first homogeneous group in all traits, including the pathogen DNA content. To predict cultivar resistance to Fusarium head blight and accumulation of DON, the examination of the percentage of FDG in different environments appeared to be useful from practical aspects. The pathogen DNA content was significantly related to the content of DON under different conditions, however, the correlation coefficients ranged between 0.42 and 0.92. Different levels of DON could be detected at similar pathogen contents. The higher colonization of grain by the fungus was mostly connected with a strongly reduced amount of DON per pathogen unit (DON/Ct ratio). The fungicide treatment had a significant effect on a reduction in all traits except DON/Ct, but the effects on different traits were not often proportional and they were highly variable in the particular years (range 10&minus;69%) and cultivars (range < 0&minus;60%). While the application of fungicide caused a reduction in DON content in all cultivars, an increase in pathogen content after the application of fungicides was not exceptional. The low fungicide effect on a reduction in pathogen content was connected with higher temperatures (temperature extremes) in a 30-day period of disease development. The efficacy of fungicide treatment for DON was low at high pathogen content and late heading. The use of the collected data to improve control measures is discussed.

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