Fusarium head blight development and trichothecene accumulation in point inoculated Fusarium infected wheat heads

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gautam ◽  
R. Dill-Macky
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch] is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically important disease of wheat, in North America. Warm and humid environments at and shortly after anthesis favour FHB. FHB results in yield losses and quality losses in infected grain due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. The objective of this study was to characterise the influence of different F. graminearum isolates and host resistance on FHB development and mycotoxin accumulation. A series of two greenhouse experiments were established where five single isolates of F. graminearum were tested. Three wheat cultivars were examined: Alsen (moderately resistant), 2375 (moderately susceptible) and Wheaton (susceptible). In the point-inoculation experiments, ca. 1000 conidia were placed into a central spikelet of spikes at anthesis. Point-inoculated spikelets were sampled at different growth stages up to soft dough stage. Samples from both experiment series were analysed for mycotoxins. The susceptible cultivar Wheaton had both the highest FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation. The spread of symptoms both below and above the inoculated central spikelet was significantly higher in 2375 and Wheaton than Alsen. Though deoxynivalenol (DON) did not peak and decline in all experiments, when a peak in the DON content was present it was earlier in 2375 (early milk) than in either Alsen (early dough) or Wheaton (late milk). Though the isolates did not rank similarly in all experiments and in all cultivars, generally isolates Butte86Ada-11 and B63A were more aggressive and isolates 49-3 and B45A were less aggressive in terms of disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation.

scholarly journals Daily Inoculum Levels of Gibberella zeae on Wheat Spikes

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Francl ◽  
G. Shaner ◽  
G. Bergstrom ◽  
J. Gilbert ◽  
W. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Corn Residue ◽  
Dough Stage

The inoculum level of Gibberella zeae on wheat spikes was measured during 1995 and 1996 in nine locations of Canada and the United States prone to Fusarium head blight of wheat. Spikes were exposed after exsertion and until kernel milk or soft dough stage in fields with wheat or corn residue as a source of inoculum; other spikes were exposed in a location remote from any obvious inoculum source; and in 1995 only, control plants remained in a greenhouse. After 24 h, spikes were excised and vigorously shaken in water to remove inoculum. Propagules were enumerated on selective medium and identified as G. zeae from subcultures. Significantly more inoculum was detected from fields in epidemic areas than from remote sites in an epidemic and from fields in nonepidemic areas. The median inoculum level was 20 CFU of G. zeae per spike per day in fields experiencing an epidemic, 4 CFU in locations remote from epidemic fields, 2 CFU in nonepidemic fields, and 1 CFU in locations remote from a source of inoculum in non-epidemic areas. In an epidemic region, inoculum levels near corn stubble reached up to 587 CFU of G. zeae per spike per day, and the median inoculum level of 126 CFU was significantly higher than the median of 13 CFU found near wheat residue. Inoculum was not detected or occurred sporadically during extended dry periods. While inoculum increased during rainy periods, timing of increased levels was variable. Fusarium head blight epidemics were associated with multiple inoculation episodes and coincident wet periods.

scholarly journals Comparison of components of Fusarium head blight in doubled haploid wheat lines

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
S.C. Shorter ◽  
W.B. Griffin ◽  
C.A. Munro ◽  
D.R. Lauren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Components of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium spp were examined in one Chinese and seven New Zealand wheat cultivars and in 141 doubled haploid lines from a cross between a susceptible and a moderately resistant cultivar Components measured were incidence of FHB proportions of grains with visible FHB infection mycotoxins levels in grain and proportion of grains infected with Fusarium Lines were sown in a field trial that was inoculated with F graminearum and mist irrigated to enhance infection The Chinese cultivar Nanjing had the lowest level of FHB in ears and visibly infected grains and Fusarium infection in harvested grain Two New Zealand cultivars also had low levels of FHB components while two other cultivars had medium levels and three had high levels of infection There were moderate to good correlations between most components of FHB except that the proportions of visibly infected grains were poorly correlated with other components

scholarly journals Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium spp. on grain of spring wheat cultivars grown in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Lenc ◽  
Grzegorz Czecholiński ◽  
Dariusz Wyczling ◽  
Tomasz Turów ◽  
Arkadiusz Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
June July ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractEighteen spring wheat cultivars, recommended for commercial production in northern Poland, were assessed for Fusarium head blight (FHB) in natural non-epidemic conditions, from 2011 to 2013. Assessment was based on FHB incidence (proportion of heads with symptoms), disease severity (DS; proportion of bleached spikelets per head), proportion ofFusariumdamaged kernels (FDK), and spectrum ofFusariumspp. colonising the kernels. Fusarium head blight incidence and DS often differed significantly among cultivars and years. There was a strong positive correlation between FHB incidence and DS. Fusarium head blight incidence and DS were not correlated with the June–July temperatures, and were only occasionally correlated with the total June–July rainfall. There was a weak positive correlation between FHB incidence and proportion of FDK. There was a strong positive correlation between DS and proportion of FDK. The cultivar affected colonisation of kernels byFusariumspp.Fusarium poaewas the FHB pathogen isolated most often.Fusarium poaecolonised 6.0% of the kernels, on average, but up to 12.0% on individual cultivars. OtherFusariumspecies were less frequent:F. avenaceumin 5.6% of kernels,F. culmorumin 5.3%,F. tricinctumin 2.8%,F. graminearumin 1.5%, andF. sporotrichioidesin 1.2%.Fusarium equisetioccurred sporadically. The importance ofF. poaein the FHB complex is emphasised. All cultivars expressed ‘moderate FHB resistance’ if evaluated according to FHB incidence. Cultivars Arabella, Izera, Kandela, Monsun, Ostka Smolicka, and Struna expressed ‘moderate susceptibility’, and Bombona, Hewilla, Katoda, KWS Torridon, Łagwa, Nawra, Parabola, Radocha, SMH 87, Trappe, Tybalt, and Waluta expressed ‘susceptibility’ if evaluated by the proportion of FDK. Cultivars differed within the ‘moderately resistant’, ‘moderately susceptible’, and ‘susceptible’ categories. Cultivars Arabella, Izera, Kandela, Monsun, Ostka Smolicka, and Struna were the most promising and their resistance traits may be useful in FHB management.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a New Spectral Disease Index to Detect Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Using Hyperspectral Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyan Zhang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Fenfang Lin ◽  
Xun Yin ◽  
Chunyan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Early Filling

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease threatening worldwide wheat production. FHB is a short cycle disease and is highly destructive under conducive environments. To provide technical support for the rapid detection of the FHB disease, we proposed to develop a new Fusarium disease index (FDI) based on the spectral data of 374–1050 nm. This study was conducted through the analysis of reflectance spectral data of healthy and diseased wheat ears at the flowering and filling stages by hyperspectral imaging technology and the random forest method. The characteristic wavelengths selected were 570 nm and 678 nm for the late flowering stage, 565 nm and 661 nm for the early filling stage, 560 nm and 663 nm for the combined stage (combining both flowering and filling stages) by random forest. FDI at each stage was derived from the wavebands of each corresponding stage. Compared with other 16 existing spectral indices, FDI demonstrated a stronger ability to determine the severity of the FHB disease. Its determination coefficients (R2) values exceeded 0.90 and the RMSEs were less than 0.08 in the models for each stage. Furthermore, the model for the combined stage performed better when used at single growth stage, but its effect was weaker than that of the models for the two individual growth stages. Therefore, using FDI can provide a new tool to detect the FHB disease at different growth stages in wheat.

Comparing Genetic Variation within Red Winter Wheat Populations with and without Image-Based Optical Sorter Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Khaeim ◽  
Anthony Clark ◽  
Tom Pearson ◽  
Dr. David Van Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Head Scab

Head scab is historically a devastating disease affecting not just all classes of wheat but also barley and other small grains around the world. Fusarium head blight (FHB), or head scab, is caused most often by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), (sexual stage – Gibberella zeae) although several Fusarium spp. can cause the disease. This study was conducted to determine the effect of mass selection for FHB resistance using an image-based optical sorter. lines were derived from the C0 and C2 of two populations to compare genetic variation within populations with and without sorter selection. Our overall hypothesis is that sorting grain results in improved Fusarium head blight resistance. Both of the used wheat derived line populations have genetic variation, and population 1 has more than population 17. They are significantly different from each other for fusarium damged kernel (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), and other FHB traits. Although both populations are suitable to be grown for bulks, population 1 seems better since it has more genetic variation as well as lower FDK and DON, and earlier heading date. Lines within each population were significantly different and some lines in each population had significantly lower FDK and DON after selection using an optical sorter. Some lines had significant reduction in both FDK and DON, and some others had either FDK or DON reduction. Lines of population 1 that had significant reduction, were more numerous than in population 17, and FDK and DON reduction were greater.

scholarly journals The impact of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content in grain and yield losses caused by Fusarium head blight in wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
O. Veškrna ◽  
L. Bobková
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium graminearum isolates and a new fungicide Swing Top were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars evaluated in field experiments at two sites for three years for expression of symptoms, deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain and grain yield. The results demonstrate a pronounced and relatively stable effect of cultivar resistance on reducing head blight, grain yield losses and contamination of grain by the mycotoxin DON. It is advantageous that the moderate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was detected also in two commonly grown Czech cultivars Sakura and Simila. Average fungicide efficacy for DON was 49.5% and 63.9% for a reduction in yield loss, however, it was found highly variable in different years and sites. The joint effect of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment was 86.5% for DON and even 95.4% for reducing the yield loss. A very high risk was documented for susceptible cultivars and also the effects of medium responsive cultivars were found to be highly variable in different environments and therefore not guaranteeing sufficient protection against FHB under different conditions.

Correlation of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Fusarium-Infected Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars with Secondary Metabolites at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (22) ◽  
pp. 4545-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Etzerodt ◽  
Rene Gislum ◽  
Bente B. Laursen ◽  
Kirsten Heinrichson ◽  
Per L. Gregersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document