scholarly journals Two Different Inoculation Methods Unveiled the Relative Independence of DON Accumulation in Wheat Kernels from Disease Severity on Spike after Infection by Fusarium Head Blight

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Chen Hua ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Zhengxi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes wheat yield loss and mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) accumulation in wheat kernel. Developing wheat cultivars with overall resistance to both FHB spread within a spike and DON accumulation in kernels is crucial for ensuring food security and food safety. Here, two relatively novel inoculation methods, bilateral floret inoculation (BFI) and basal rachis internode injection (BRII), were simultaneously employed to evaluate disease severity and DON content in kernels in a segregating population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from Ning 7840 (carrying Fhb1) and Clark (without Fhb1). Under both inoculation methods, four contrasting combinations of disease severity and DON content were identified: high severity/high DON (HSHD), high severity/low DON (HSLD), low severity/high DON (LSHD) and low severity/low DON (LSLD). Unexpectedly, the BRII method clearly indicated that disease severity was not necessarily relevant to DON concentration. The effects of Fhb1 on disease severity, and on DON concentrations, agreed very well across the two methods. Several lines carrying Fhb1 showed extremely higher severity and (or) DON content under both inoculation methods. The “Mahalanobis distance” (MD) method was used to rate overall resistance of a line by inclusion of both disease severity and DON content over both methods to select LSLD lines.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum Possesses Virulence Factors Common to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Seedling Rot of Soybean but Differing in Their Impact on Disease Severity

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Sella ◽  
Katia Gazzetti ◽  
Carla Castiglioni ◽  
Wilhelm Schäfer ◽  
Francesco Favaron
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Rot

Fusarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide. This fungus also causes damping-off and crown and root rots at the early stage of crop development in soybean cultivated in North and South America. Several F. graminearum genes were investigated for their contribution to FHB in cereals but no inherent study is reported for the dicotyledonous soybean host. In this study we determined the disease severity on soybean seedlings of five single gene disrupted mutants of F. graminearum, previously characterized in wheat spike infection. Three of these mutants are impaired on a specific function as the production of deoxynivalenol (DON, Δtri5), lipase (ΔFgl1), and xylanase (Δxyl03624), while the remaining two are MAP kinase mutants (ΔFgOS-2, Δgpmk1), which are altered in signaling pathways. The mutants that were reduced in virulence (Δtri5, ΔFgl1, and ΔFgOS-2) or are avirulent (Δgpmk1) on wheat were correspondently less virulent or avirulent in soybean seedlings, as shown by the extension of lesions and seedling lengths. The Δxyl03624 mutant was as virulent as the wild type mirroring the behavior observed in wheat. However, a different ranking of symptom severity occurred in the two hosts: the ΔFgOS-2 mutant, that infects wheat spikelets similarly to Δtri5 and ΔFgl1 mutants, provided much reduced symptoms in soybean. Differently from the other mutants, we observed that the ΔFgOS-2 mutant was several fold more sensitive to the glyceollin phytoalexin suggesting that its reduced virulence may be due to its hypersensitivity to this phytoalexin. In conclusion, lipase and DON seem important for full disease symptom development in soybean seedlings, OS-2 and Gpmk1 MAP kinases are essential for virulence, and OS-2 is involved in conferring resistance to the soybean phytoalexin.

scholarly journals Mapping of QTL associated with Fusarium head blight in spring wheat RL4137

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasachary ◽  
N. Gosman ◽  
A. Steed ◽  
S. Faure ◽  
R. Bayles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Positive Effect

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. We aimed to map QTL for FHB resistance in RL4137, a FHB resistant line derived from Frontana using 90 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross between RL4137 and the moderately FHB resistant variety Timgalen. A total of seven putative FHB resistance QTL (1B, 2B, 3A, 6A, 6B, 7A and 7D) were identified and in all but one instance, the alleles from RL4137 had a positive effect on FHB resistance. The QTL, Qfhs.jic-2band Qfhs.jic-6b contributed by the alleles from RL4137 and Timgalen, respectively were detected in multiple trials. Our study also identified three QTL for plant height (2B, 4A and 5B), two QTL for weight of infected spikelets from infected ears (2B and 6A) and one QTL for &ldquo;awns&rdquo; (2B). The QTL mapped on 2B for PH, WIS and awns co-localized with Qfhs.jic-2b. The FHB QTL on 1B and 6B were not associated with PH QTL and that the minor PH QTL on 4A and 5B, did not co-localise with any other FHB resistance QTL.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of marker-based selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S123-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
T. Sedláček ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
O. Veškrna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sumai 3

The effect of selection for two donor-QTL from Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant spring wheat variety Sumai 3 on the reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) content and FHB index was evaluated in field trials over two years (2008, 2009) following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. This study was conducted on populations of recombinant inbred lines derived from two crosses, Sumai 3/Swedget and Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. DON content and FHB index were significantly reduced in both crosses in the genotype classes with two stacked donor QTL on chromosomes 3B and 5A in comparison to genotype classes with no donor QTL. In the cross Sumai 3/Swedget the selection for QTL alleles from 3B and 5A resulted in a 63.4% reduction in DON content, and a 51.8% reduction in the FHB index. Similarly, there was a 35.9% and 31.9% reduction, respectively, in the cross Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. The single effect of the donor-QTL allele from 3B was significant only in the cross Sumai 3/Swedjet. The presence or absence of awns affected both DON content and FHB index in both populations, but was only significantly in the cross Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. In this cross the effect of selection for fully awned genotypes was particularly evident on a reduction of both DON and FHB index in classes with neither donor QTL, or the 3B QTL. However, the data indicate that the &ldquo;awnedness&rdquo; effect on FHB resistance may be highly variable and is probably greater on reducing FHB symptoms than on DON content. The results confirmed that marker-based introgression of resistance QTLs on chromosomes 3B and 5A in traditional breeding materials can enrich populations for resistance types, but it was also shown that the effect of marker-based selection need not be large in all crosses and a similar effect can probably be reached by indirect selection for some FHB-related traits.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Ears on the Basis of Image and Spectral Feature Fusion

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsheng Huang ◽  
Taikun Li ◽  
Chuanlong Ding ◽  
Jinling Zhao ◽  
Dongyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Color Feature ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Fusion Features

Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most prevalent and damaging infection diseases of wheat, affects quality and safety of associated food. In this study, to realize the early accurate monitoring of FHB, a diagnostic model of disease severity was proposed based on the fusion features of image and spectral features. First, the hyperspectral image of FHB infected in the range of the 400–1000 nm spectrum was collected, and the color parameters of wheat ear and spot region were segmented based on image features. Twelve sensitive bands were extracted using the successive projection algorithm, gray-scale co-occurrence matrix, and RGB color model. Four texture features were extracted from each feature band image as texture variables, and nine color feature variables were extracted from R, G, and B component images. Texture features with high correlation and color features were selected to participate in the final model building parameters via correlation analysis. Finally, the particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) algorithm was used to build the model based on the diagnosis model of disease severity of FHB with different combinations of characteristic variables. The experimental results showed that the PSO-SVM model based on spectral and color feature fusion was optimal. Moreover, the accuracy of the training and prediction set was 95% and 92%, respectively. The method based on fusion features of image and spectral features can accurately and effectively diagnose the severity of FHB, thereby providing a technical basis for the timely and effective control of FHB and precise application of a pesticide.

scholarly journals Fumonisin B1 and zearalenone contamination of wheat in Croatia and influence of fungicide treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ivic ◽  
Ana-Marija Domijan ◽  
Maja Peraica ◽  
Bogdan Cvjetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Severity ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Wheat Kernels

In Croatia, a trial was conducted to determine the presence of theFusariummycotoxins fumonisin B1and zearalenone in wheat kernels and to evaluate the efficacy of nine fungicides on Fusarium head blight severity as well as fumonisin B1and zearalenone accumulation in wheat grain. Fumonisin B1and zearalenone were detected in all grain samples in mean concentrations ranging from 182.0 to 446.6 µg kg-1(fumonisin B1) and from 2.59 to 5.33 µg kg-1(zearalenone). No significant differences were found among fumonisin B1and zearalenone content in wheat grain for the different fungicide treatments. No correlation was revealed between Fusarium head blight severity and fumonisin B1or zearalenone content in wheat grain, nor between fungicide efficacy and fumonisin B1or zearalenone content in wheat grain. Under conditions of high disease pressure, efficacy of the fungicides was between 85.7% (tebuconazole + triadimefon) and 72.1% (carbendazim).

scholarly journals A Review of Rain-Fed Wheat Production Constraints in Zambia

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batiseba Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Rain Season ◽  
Small Holder Farmers

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop in Zambia. It is the second most widely grown cereal crop after maize. However, its production and productivity during summer rain season is limited by socio-economic, abiotic and biotic constraints. The socio-economic factors limiting high wheat yield are high cost of inputs, lack of improved rain-fed wheat seed, lack of affordable loans, lack of access to market information and poor mechanization. The abiotic constraints on the other hand include drought, high temperature and aluminium toxicity. Biotic constraints affecting rain-fed wheat production include various weeds, pests (aphids, grass hoppers, pink stalk borers and termites) and diseases (powderly mildew, loose smut, leaf rust, fusarium head blight and spot blotch). Termites being the most serious and destructive pest of rain-fed wheat. Spot blotch is the most devastating and widely distributed among the diseases causing high yield losses of between 7-100% followed by fusarium head blight. This review paper, looks at the factors that limit the production and productivity of rain-fed wheat among small holder farmers in Zambia.

Basal Rachis Internode Injection (BRII): A novel inoculation method to evaluate wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Aiai Li ◽  
Suqin Zhu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Xinyao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Two Populations

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat. Difficulties in reliably phenotyping of this disease, however, greatly hindered the understanding of the mechanism of wheat-pathogen interaction and genetic improvement of FHB resistance. Here we report a novel inoculation method called “Basal Rachis Internode Injection” (BRII), which is implemented by injecting inoculum into the basal internode of a rachis instead of a floret as done in single floret inoculation (SFI). One of the prominent advantages of BRII over SFI and other traditional methods lies in its independence of moisture-maintaining system that is required for all existing methods, thus being insensitive to environmental humidity and cost-effective. Another unique feature for BRII is that this method produces nearly clear-cut reaction types, by which FHB resistance could be treated as a qualitative trait because generally no FHB symptom appeared on the spikelets of resistant genotypes. In addition, BRII outperformed SFI by higher infection rate and better goodness-of-fit with known FHB resistance and QTL components in a panel of 15 genotypes, as well as two populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) segregating in Fhb1. To be noteworthy, BRII and SFI methods are not mutually replaceable but rather complimentary to each other since each method has its own advantage in differentiating FHB resistance among genotypes. Combining these two methods would significantly improve the reliability and consistency of FHB phenotyping in wheat.

Detection of Fusarium head blight contamination in wheat kernels by multivariate imaging

Food Control ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jaillais ◽  
P. Roumet ◽  
L. Pinson-Gadais ◽  
D. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Kernels
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