scholarly journals Compost Tea Reduces the Susceptibility of Pinus radiata to Fusarium circinatum in Nursery Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-821
Author(s):  
M. Otero ◽  
I. Salcedo ◽  
K. Txarterina ◽  
C. González-Murua ◽  
M. K. Duñabeitia
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Nutrition is one of the factors that most limits forestry plant growth; thus, current production in nurseries is based on conventional fertilization focused on enhancing vigor. However, an excessive intake of mineral nitrogen can cause morphological imbalances and the formation of more succulent tissues which, consequently, increase susceptibility to plant pathogens. Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker in plants of the Pinus genus, with Pinus radiata being the species most susceptible to this disease. This study compares the response of P. radiata seedlings to infection by F. circinatum as influenced by two fertilizers—conventional and aerated compost tea (ACT)—applied during the nursery phase. The potential of ACT against F. circinatum was first tested in vitro, where it was found to inhibit the pathogen’s mycelial growth and conidial germination. In the greenhouse, infected plants fertilized with ACT exhibited less severe internal and external symptoms of pitch canker and lower levels of pathogen colonization of both stems and needles than with conventional fertilizer. An analysis of the hormone content and defense-related gene expression shows greater salicylic acid production and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase and chalcone synthase expression in ACT-fertilized pine. All of the parameters assessed are consistent in showing that biofertilization with ACT reduces the susceptibility of pine seedlings to the disease compared with conventional fertilization.

scholarly journals Application of Trichoderma Spp. Complex and Biofumigation to Control Damping-Off of Pinus Radiata D.Don Caused by Fusarium Circinatum Nirenberg and O’Donnell

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Morales-Rodríguez ◽  
Giorgia Bastianelli ◽  
MariaPia Aleandri ◽  
Gabriele Chilosi ◽  
Andrea Vannini
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Physical Treatments

The damping-off of Pinus radiata D.Don by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O’Donnell represents a limiting factor in nursery production, while seed contamination with the pathogen is one of the main pathways of the pathogen movement between areas. Chemical and physical treatments have been applied with encouraging results and some limitations. In the present study, biocontrol of damping-off by F. circinatum is proposed with Trichoderma spp. complex showing complementary antagonism and biofumigation with commercial Brassica carinata A.Braun pellets with biocidal effect. Experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo using batches of P. radiata seeds and two F. circinatum isolates. Results were highly positive, showing an excellent efficacy of a combination of Trichoderma spp. in a single preparation to reduce significantly the mortality of P. radiata seedlings in seeds bed experiment. Biofumigation with B. carinata pellets also showed efficacy in controlling the F. circinatum inoculum and reducing seed mortality in inoculated seed batches although showing some phytotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Herbaceous plants in the understory of a pitch canker-affected Pinus radiata plantation are endophytically infected with Fusarium circinatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hernandez-Escribano ◽  
E. Iturritxa ◽  
M. Elvira-Recuenco ◽  
M. Berbegal ◽  
J.A. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum

Evidence for the occurrence of induced resistance to pitch canker, caused by Gibberella circinata (anamorph Fusarium circinatum), in populations of Pinus radiata

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
S. C. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B. J. Aegerter ◽  
A. J. Fisher ◽  
A. J. Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Gibberella Circinata

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum on germlings of Pinus sylvestris in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
K. V. DAVYDENKO
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Near Future

Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) of pines and established in the Iberian Peninsula in Europe only. However, it is hypothesized that its range could expand through the Europe in the near future. The disease is very harmful to forests and nurseries all around the world. Despite the aggressiveness of this fungus, no trials on the susceptibility of Ukrainian Scots pine provenances from Pinus sylvestris to F. circinatum have been performed. The first preliminary pathogenicity test was carried out in vitro and revealed the strong probability of high level of pine seedlings susceptibility to pitch canker.

Effects of pitch canker pathogen on gallery excavation and oviposition by Ips paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIps paraconfusus Lanier is a vector of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O’Donnell, in California. Multiple infections of Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don. (Pinaceae), branches and main stems appear to predispose trees to infestation by I. paraconfusus. The effect of cankers produced in response to F. circinatum on oviposition and gallery construction was investigated. Introduction of beetles into artificially induced or naturally occurring cankers was less likely to result in oviposition and resulted in shorter galleries than introductions into logs without cankers. Of all adults that produced eggs, the mean number of eggs per adult was no different in logs with cankers than in canker-free logs; however, the distance across the grain from the introduction point to the first egg was greater for adults introduced into cankers than for adults introduced away from cankers. These results indicate that the pitch canker pathogen has a negative effect on I. paraconfusus, as cankers produced in response to the pathogen are unsuitable for exploitation by the insect.

SEMIOCHEMICALS FROM THREE SPECIES OF PITYOPHTHORUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD RESPONSE

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Dallara ◽  
Steven J. Seybold ◽  
Holger Meyer ◽  
Till Tolasch ◽  
Wittko Francke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Porapak Q ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Opposite Sex

AbstractAnalyses of pentane extracts of frass, whole beetles, and volatiles trapped on Porapak-Q from Pityophthorus Eichhoff spp. fed on Pinus radiata D. Don demonstrated that (E)-pityol [2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran] was produced by male Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, female Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim), and female Pityophthorus setosus Blackman. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin) [(5S,7S)-(−)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane] was produced by male P. carmeli and male P. nitidulus. Only the (2R,5S)-(+) stereoisomer of (E)-pityol was produced by male P. carmeli and female P. setosus. In field bioassays in central coastal California, P. setosus was attracted to (E)-(+)-pityol, whereas P. carmeli responded only to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol. Male P. setosus and female P. carmeli responded to these treatments with larger numbers than opposite-sex conspecifics. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin alone did not attract species of Pityophthorus but significantly reduced catches of P. setosus to (E)-(+)-pityol. Lasconotus pertenuis Casey (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol, and showed a trend for attraction to all (E)-(−)-conophthorin-containing treatments. (E)-(−)-Pityol was neither attractive nor interruptive for any taxon. (E)-(+)-Pityol is shown to be an aggregation pheromone component for P. carmeli and P. setosus. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin functions as a pheromone component for P. carmeli and may also function as a synomone that decreases competition of P. carmeli and P. nitidulus with P. setosus and as a kairomone for L. pertenuis. These semiochemicals have been useful in studying relationships among twig insects and the pathogen Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), causal agent of pitch canker disease in P. radiata.

Incidence of the pitch canker pathogen and associated insects in intact and chipped Monterey pine branches

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. McNee ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Emerging Insects

AbstractIn a 2-year study of Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), infected with pitch canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O'Donnell, less than 2% of symptomatic branches with green foliage were colonized by twig beetles in the genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), whereas approximately 50% of branches with yellow and red foliage were colonized. More Pityophthorus spp. emerged from yellow branches (mean ± SE = 12.1 ± 1.7 per 30 cm) than from red branches (6.9 ± 0.9) at an inland study site (Oakland) but, at a coastal site (Pebble Beach), the means were not significantly different (4.3 ± 0.6 and 3.8 ± 0.7). The mean phoresy rate of all emerging insects was higher at Pebble Beach (17.7 ± 0.6%) than at Oakland (5.3 ± 0.2%). At both sites, there was considerable temporal variation in the proportion of branches colonized by twig beetles, mean numbers of emerging twig beetles, and phoresy rates of emerging insects. Chipping branches reduced the emergence of Pityophthorus spp. and associates by approximately 95%, compared with emergence from intact branches. The pathogen was isolated from 1-year-old branches and chips in up to 68% of samples, but was only recovered from 3-year-old branches in 1 of 46 sampled. It is recommended that recent branch cuttings and chips originating from symptomatic trees not be transported to areas that are believed to be free of the disease.

Twig beetles, Pityophthorus spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), as vectors of the pitch canker pathogen in California

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Disease Free

AbstractTwig beetles in the genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff are known to be associated with the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, in California. Phoresy of the pathogen on these species has been reported to occur when insects emerge from diseased branches and when they infest disease-free, cut branch tips. To demonstrate that twig beetles can vector the pathogen, studies of phoresy and transmission were conducted in a native Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), forest. Phoresy was confirmed for both Pityophthorus setosus Blackman and Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, and P. setosus was shown to vector the pitch canker pathogen when contaminated with fungal spores and caged onto Monterey pine branches. When attractive baits were used to increase visitation to Monterey pines by P. setosus, baited trees were more likely to develop pitch canker than unbaited trees even though the beetles did not tunnel into the host to develop egg galleries. Therefore, twig beetles are competent as vectors of the pitch canker pathogen, and their vectoring activity, though requiring a wound, does not require that they establish egg galleries in the host.

scholarly journals The Effect of Resin and Monoterpenes on Spore Germination and Growth in Fusarium circinatum

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Slinski ◽  
F. Zakharov ◽  
T. R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Germination And Growth

Resin obtained from Pinus radiata and five monoterpene components of resin (limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, and myrcene) were tested to determine their effects on mycelial growth and germination and survival of spores of Fusarium circinatum, the cause of pitch canker in pine, and F. temperatum, which is interfertile with F. circinatum but not pathogenic to pine. Averaged across all treatments, F. temperatum sustained the greatest reduction in radial growth (16.9 ± 0.02% of control). The greatest reduction in dry weight also occurred in F. temperatum (11.7 ± 0.01% of control), and all isolates of F. circinatum were significantly less affected (P < 0.05). Spore germination rates in a saturated atmosphere of monoterpenes were relatively high for all tested isolates but, when placed in direct contact with resin, spore survival was significantly greater for F. circinatum than for F. temperatum. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that greater tolerance of resin is one factor distinguishing F. circinatum from the nonpathogenic F. temperatum. However, differential tolerance of monoterpene components of resin is not sufficient to explain the observed variation in virulence to pine in F. circinatum.

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