Spatial and temporal genetic analyses of Phyllosticta citricarpa in two lemon orchards in South Africa reveal a role of asexual reproduction within sexually reproducing populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elma Carstens ◽  
Celeste Linde ◽  
Paul Fourie ◽  
Aletta E. van der Merwe ◽  
Shaun Denver Langenhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
North West ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Phyllosticta Citricarpa ◽  
Space Distance

Citrus Black Spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is a disease that affects citrus worldwide. In different regions of the world where both mating types occur, reports differ as to whether asexually produced pycnidiospores play an important role in the epidemiology of CBS and fruit infections. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of pycnidiospores in two lemon orchards in South Africa using microsatellite-based analysis of fruit populations over time (two seasons) and space (distance). The two orchards were situated in the semi-arid North West province (NW) and subtropical Mpumalanga province (MP). Each population contained both mating types in 1:1 ratios, and linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated a random mating population. A total of 109 and 94 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were detected across the two seasons in the NW and MP orchards respectively. Psex analyses indicated that most MLGs probably resulted from sexual reproduction, but there were six predominant MLGs in each orchard that were probably replicated via asexual reproduction. Each of the predominant MLGs was monomorphic for mating type. In the NW, five predominant and widespread MLGs caused 46% and 44% of the fruit infections in the two seasons, whereas in MP, three MLGs caused 34% and 48% of the infections. Asexual reproduction in both orchards was supported by relatively low MLG evenness values in all populations. In both orchards, distance was not a reliable predictor of population genetic substructuring, nor season. Populations of P. citricarpa in the MP and NW orchards were significantly genetically differentiated from each other.

The Role of Archives on the Incorporation of the Former Kangwane Homeland to Mpumalanga Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkholedzeni Sidney Netshakhuma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
National Archives ◽  
And Control

This study was conceptualised in order to assess the strategies used to incorporate the homeland of KaNgwane into Mpumalanga province after the cessation of apartheid in 1994. The specific objective of the study was to investigate the compliance of records and archives with the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act (Act No 43 of 1996), during the incorporation of the homeland of KaNgwane into Mpumalanga. The study adopted a qualitative methodology through document analysis, interviews and observations. The key findings revealed that the archives of the former homeland of Kangwane were not aligned with the requirements of the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act (Act No.43 of 1996.) Institutions seem to lack experience when it comes to the challenges of storing records and implementing arrangement and control systems. The frequent lack of a records management policy and few to no staff with record-keeping and archival backgrounds was also a concern. A shortage of space to store records safely was also one of the major issues that the study uncovered. There appears to be no concerted effort to retain important historical records. Many records are stored in several different locations in government buildings.  I conclude that archives play an essential role to the nation as the institutional memory.

Exploration role of volunteerism on the digitisation project: case of the office of the premier in Mpumalanga province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkholedzeni Sidney Netshakhuma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Volunteer Labor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of volunteerism during the digitisation project by the Office of the Premier in Mpumalanga with a view recommending the best practice. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data was collected through the semi-structured qualitative interviews with the records manager and ten volunteer archivists employed by the Office of the Premier. Findings Local pupils within the Mpumalanga province were recruited to participate in the digitisation project as a form of youth empowerment. The Mpumalanga Provincial Archives was not involved in the digitisation project to ensure that all digitisation specification was in line with the requirement of the provincial archives. Furthermore, a lack of resources to implement the digitisation project was cited as the main stamping block for the successful implementation of the project. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to the Office of the premier, in the Mpumalanga province. Practical implications Archivists interested in recruiting volunteers on a digitisation project can use this paper to understand the benefits and cost of volunteer labor before putting volunteer projects into practice. Social implications The success of a digitisation project depends on the involvement of the Mpumalanga Provincial archives. Originality/value This paper presents a unique case study in South Africa of a digitisation project staffed with volunteers in the office of the Premier.

scholarly journals How Pat Metheny came to Carolina in Mpumalanga, South Africa: using music in transdisciplinary water research

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Tempelhoff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
North West ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
To Come

Listening to music can help researchers to comprehend and gain insight into complex problems in transdisciplinary research. This article explains how members of a research group at North-West University in South Africa conducted research on a crisis in the urban settlement of Carolina in Mpumalanga Province when acid mine drainage (AMD) from local coal mining operations was found in the municipal water supply. In grappling with complex issues such as the failure of communication with local stakeholders, the group resorted to using the music of Pat Metheny’s music to come to abetter understanding of the crisis.  Keywords:Carolina, acid mine drainage (AMD), Pat Metheny, transdisciplinarity, coal mining.Disciplines: History, water studies, music studies, transdisciplinarymethodology.

The Role of Xga Blood Group Incompatibility in Fetal Loss — Twin study

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Plato ◽  
J.D. Mann ◽  
J.T. Schwartz ◽  
W. Leyshon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Dominant Inheritance ◽  
Preferential Loss

The Xg blood group system is unique in that it is the only blood group antigen which is controlled by a gene residing on the X chromosome. There are six possible mating types in X-linked dominant inheritance, such as the Xg system represents. One of these types is of particular interest in this presentation, even though it amounts to only 6% of possible matings, assuming the usual western Caucasian gene frequency of the Xg system. In this mating type, an Xg(a+) father, whose X chromosome is designated as +, mates with an homozygous Xg(a—) mother (Fig. 1). The offspring of such a mating, if female, will be incompatible with their mother, since they have received their father's Xg(a+) X chromosome. Male offspring are of course compatible, since they receive their mother's Xg(a—) X chromosome and their father's Y chromosome. It follows that any biologically significant materno-fetal incompatibility with respect to the Xg system might lead to preferential loss of daughter conceptions.The present paper deals with data collected during the course of a study of twin pairs who were participating in an ophthalmologic investigation. The twins were classified as MZ or DZ on the basis of their blood types (ABO, MNS Rh, Kell, Duffy, etc.), physical likenesses, and dermatoglyphic findings. The results expected of Xga testing, assuming random mating and no selection, were calculated by Li's method (1955), using the gene frequency of 0.65 for the Xga allele.

scholarly journals The Impact of Xenophobic Attacks on the Livelihoods of Migrants in Selected Provinces of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Enoch Rabotata ◽  
◽  
Jabulani Makhubele ◽  
Themba Baloyi ◽  
Prudence Mafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
The Impact

Migration and xenophobia are realities that cannot be ignored globally. Recently, there has been a plethora of xenophobic attacks as a result of structural and socio-economic conditions in South Africa. This paper aimed to establish the impact of xenophobic attacks on the livelihoods of migrants in selected provinces of South Africa. Researchers opted for a qualitative study using a case study design. Participants were drawn from the population in Limpopo, North-West and Mpumalanga Province. A snowball sampling technique was used to sample seven migrants from Zimbabwe, India, and Ethiopia using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed thematically. The study revealed that most migrants who reside in the rural areas of South Africa seldom experience xenophobic attacks, and therefore their livelihoods are not always negatively affected. The study concluded that displacement, deportation, and loss of income due to xenophobic attacks are experiences of undocumented migrants in the cities and not in the rural areas. This study also makes recommendations that migration management policies be implemented fully in the rural areas because this is where undocumented migrants find comfort.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, health and management aspects of working donkeys in Moretele 1, North West Province, South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wells ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Score Index

Structured interviews using a questionnaire were conducted to gather information on socioeconomic aspects, health, nutrition, breeding and management of working equids in 3 study areas of Moretele 1 near Hammanskraal, North West Province, South Africa. The questionnaire addressed questions about the role of animals with a focus on donkeys used for work in these areas. Extension and animal health officers and donkey owners participated. The analysis highlights the use of donkeys for transport of water, wood and people; that ticks, wounds and harness sores are the conditions reported most frequently by owners; and that the range for the body condition score index of 2.7-4.0 suggests that an overall adequate level of nutrition and management is maintained in the donkeys in these villages.

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