scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Hard Red Winter Wheat to Infection by Wheat streak mosaic virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam P. Pradhan ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Kirk E. Jessup ◽  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Jacob A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes significant yield loss in hard red winter wheat in the U.S. Southern High Plains. Despite the prevalence of this pathogen, little is known about the physiological response of wheat to WSMV infection. A 2-year study was initiated to (i) investigate the effect of WSMV, inoculated at different development stages, on shoot and root growth, water use, water use efficiency (WUE), and photosynthesis and (ii) understand the relationships between yield and photosynthetic parameters during WSMV infection. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with two wheat cultivars mechanically inoculated with WSMV at different developmental stages, from three-leaf to booting. WSMV inoculated early, at three- to five-leaf stage, resulted in a significant reduction in shoot biomass, root dry weight, and yield compared with wheat infected at the jointing and booting stages. However, even when inoculated as late as jointing, WSMV still reduced grain yield by at least 53%. Reduced tillers, shoot biomass, root dry weight, water use, and WUE contributed to yield loss under WSMV infection. However, infection by WSMV did not affect rooting depth and the number of seminal roots but reduced the number of nodal roots. Leaf photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll [SPAD], net photosynthetic rate [Pn], stomatal conductance [Gs], intercellular CO2 concentration [Ci], and transpiration rate [Tr]) were reduced when infected by WSMV, and early infection reduced parameters more than late infection. Photosynthetic parameters had a linear relationship with grain yield and shoot biomass. The reduced Pn under WSMV infection was mainly in response to decreased Gs, Ci, and SPAD. The results of this study indicated that leaf chlorophyll and gas exchange parameters can be used to quantify WSMV effects on biomass and grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Effects of Wheat streak mosaic virus on Root Development and Water-Use Efficiency of Hard Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Price ◽  
F. Workneh ◽  
S. R. Evett ◽  
D. C. Jones ◽  
J. Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effects of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), a member of the family Potyviridae, on root development and water-use efficiency (WUE) of two hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, one susceptible and one resistant to WSMV. In the greenhouse studies, wheat cultivars were grown under three water regimes of 30, 60, and 80% soil saturation capacity. After inoculation with WSMV, plants were grown for approximately 4 weeks and then harvested. Root and shoot weights were measured to determine the effect of the disease on biomass. In all water treatments, root biomass and WUE of inoculated susceptible plants were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those of the noninoculated control plants. However, in the resistant cultivar, significance was only found in the 30 and 60% treatments for root weight and WUE, respectively. Field studies were also conducted under three water regimes based on reference evapotranspiration rates. Significant reductions in forage, grain yield, and crop WUE were observed in the inoculated susceptible plots compared with the noninoculated plots. Both studies demonstrated that wheat streak mosaic reduces WUE, which is a major concern in the Texas Panhandle because of limited availability of water.

Registration of KS89WGRC4 Hard Red Winter Wheat Germplasm with Resistance to Hessian Fly, Greenbug, and Soil‐Borne Mosaic Virus

Crop Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Gill ◽  
D. L. Wilson ◽  
W. J. Raupp ◽  
J. H. Hatchett ◽  
T. L. Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Moats hard red winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Registration Trial ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2012. Moats hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 191–193. Moats is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat class. It has excellent stem and leaf rust resistance and higher grain yield and protein concentration than the Central Winter Wheat Cooperative Registration Trial CWRW grain quality check cultivar, CDC Buteo. Its grain yield is similar to the high-yielding Registration Trial check cultivar, CDC Falcon, and lower than Accipiter, which is a more recent high-yielding winter wheat cultivar released in the Canada Western General Purpose wheat class. A suitable combination of grain quality, rust resistance and yield make Moats widely adapted in the winter wheat production area of western Canada.

Influence of rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of hard red winter wheat in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
R. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Several previous studies have reported that grain yield of cereal crops was greater from multiple than from single nitrogen (N) applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the time and rate of N application on the yield and quality of hard red winter wheat grown in Ontario. One experiment was conducted in each of 2 yr using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were rate of N application (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 or 240 kg N ha−1), and timing of N application (100/0/0, 75/25/0, 50/50/0 or 25/50/25 percent of the N applied at Zadok’s growth stages 22/32/45). Early N application reduced grain yield in a year of below-average precipitation, increased grain yield in a year of average precipitation, and increased straw yield in both years. Late N application increased grain crude protein concentration and harvest index in both years. Given the lack of a consistent yield increase and the added cost of application, it is unlikely that multiple N applications will be economical for hard red winter wheat production in Ontario.Key words: Triticum aestivum, intensive cereal management, yield components, wheat

Accipiter hard red winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Energy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2011. Accipiter hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 363–365. Accipiter is an intermediate height, high-yielding, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with good stem and moderate leaf rust resistance that is registered for production in western Canada. It is a hard red winter wheat cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP) wheat class. The CWGP class was created in 2007 to encourage the development of cultivars to fill the high energy demands of the biofuel and livestock feed markets in western Canada. The grain yield of Accipiter was 114% of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class grain quality check cultivar, CDC Osprey, and 103% of the high-yielding check, CDC Falcon. High grain yield potential combined with good agronomic and disease packages make Accipiter a good fit for the CWGP class.

Peregrine hard red winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Energy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
High Level ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Peregrine is a medium tall, high-yielding, stem and leaf rust resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is registered for production in western Canada. It is a hard red winter wheat cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP) wheat class. The CWGP class was created in 2007 to encourage the development of cultivars to fill the high energy demands of the biofuel and livestock feed markets in western Canada. In Manitoba and Saskatchewan, the grain yield of Peregrine was 117% of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat Class grain quality check cultivar, CDC Osprey, and 106% of the high-yielding check, CDC Falcon. High grain yield potential and a high level of rust resistance mean that Peregrine provides a good fit for the CWGP class.

Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) With Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Heering ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to evaluate the effect of three imidazolinone herbicides and metsulfuron on established field bindweed and hard red winter wheat followcrops. Imazapyr at 280 g ai ha-1and imazethapyr at 560 g ai ha-1controlled field bindweed from 78 to 100% for 48 wk, but imazaquin at 560 g ai ha-1, metsulfuron at 17.5 g ai ha-1, and 2,4-D plus picloram at 1120 plus 280 g ae ha-1did not. Imidazolinone herbicides reduced forage and grain yield of wheat seeded 8 to 14 wk after herbicide application. Only imazapyr reduced grain yield of wheat seeded 15 mo after treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Ohio Isolate of Brome Mosaic Virus and Its Impact on the Development and Yield of Soft Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Hodge ◽  
J. D. Salgado ◽  
P. A. Paul ◽  
L. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brome Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is generally thought to be of little economic importance to crops; consequently, there is little information about its impact on wheat production under field conditions. After repeated detection of BMV in Ohio wheat fields at incidences up to 25%, the virus was isolated, sequenced, characterized, and tested for its impact on soft red winter wheat (SRWW). The Ohio isolate of brome mosaic virus (BMV-OH) was found to be >99% identical to a BMV-Fescue isolate (accession no. DQ530423-25) and capable of systemically infecting multiple monocot and dicot species, including cowpea and soybean, in experimental inoculations. BMV-OH was used in field experiments during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to quantify its effect on SRWW grain yield and development when inoculated at Feekes 1, 5, 8, and 10 in two to four cultivars. Cultivar and timing of inoculation had statistically significant (P < 0.05) main and interaction effects on grain yield, wheat growth, and multiple components of yield. Compared with noninoculated controls, BMV-OH reduced grain yield by up to 61% when inoculated at Feekes 1 and by as much as 25, 36, and 31% for inoculations at Feekes 5, 8, and 10, respectively. The magnitude of the yield reduction varied among cultivars and was associated with reductions in grain size and weight or plant population. These findings suggest that BMV could impact wheat productivity in Ohio and will serve as the basis for more large-scale investigations of the effects of this virus in commercial fields.

CDC Chase hard red winter wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Quality Checks ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2014. CDC Chase hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 183–186. CDC Chase is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat class. High grain yield potential relative to the grain quality checks, CDC Buteo and Moats, is its primary strength. It has excellent stem, leaf, and stripe rust resistance, and low physiological leaf spot and very susceptible bunt ratings. Except for minor differences, its performance has been similar to that of CDC Buteo and Moats for the remainder of the agronomic characters measured. A suitable combination of grain quality, rust resistance, and grain yield make CDC Chase a good fit for the low to intermediate precipitation regions of western Canada.

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