scholarly journals A High-Throughput Molecular Pipeline Reveals the Diversity in Prevalence and Abundance of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne Species in Coffee Plantations

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Bell ◽  
Howard J. Atkinson ◽  
Alan C. Andrade ◽  
Hoa X. Nguyen ◽  
I. Gede Swibawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The Cost

Coffee yields are adversely affected by plant-parasitic nematodes and the pathogens are largely underreported because a simple and reliable identification method is not available. We describe a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to rapidly detect and quantify the major Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne nematode species that are capable of parasitizing coffee. The procedure was applied to soil samples obtained from a number of coffee farms in Brazil, Vietnam, and Indonesia to assess the prevalence of these species associated both with coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora) and its intercropped species Musa acuminata (banana) and Piper nigrum (black pepper). Pratylenchus coffeae and P. brachyurus were associated with coffee in all three countries but there were distinct profiles of Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne incognita, M. exigua, and M. paranaensis were identified in samples from Brazil and M. incognita and M. hapla were detected around the roots of coffee in Vietnam. No Meloidogyne spp. were detected in samples from Indonesia. There was a high abundance of Meloidogyne spp. in soil samples in which Pratylenchus spp. were low or not detected, suggesting that the success of one genus may deter another. Meloidogyne spp. in Vietnam and Pratylenchus spp. in Indonesia were more numerous around intercropped plants than in association with coffee. The data suggest a widespread but differential nematode problem associated with coffee production across the regions studied. The issue is compounded by the current choice of intercrops that support large nematode populations. Wider application of the approach would elucidate the true global scale of the nematode problem and the cost to coffee production. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Current status of plant parasitic nematodes and their management of major spice crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Major spices crops such as black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) production in India is sustained losses due to several reasons. Among them, one of the major constraints are nematode infesting diseases, which causes significant yield losses and affecting their productivity. The major nematode pests infesting these crops include burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on black pepper. Whereas, lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp., M. incognita and R. similis infesting cardamom and turmeric crops. Black pepper is susceptible to a number of diseases of which slow decline caused by R. similis and M. incognita or Phytophthora capsici  either alone and in combination and root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. are the major ones.  Root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. is major constraints in the successful cultivation and production in cardamom. Turmeric is susceptible to a number of diseases such as brown rot disease is caused by Fusarium sp. and lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp. and root knot disease caused by M. incognita. Adoption of integrated pest management schedules is important in these crops since excessive use of pesticides could lead to pesticide residues in the produce affecting human health and also causing other ecological hazards. 

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Are Potential Pathogens of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum Used for Biofuels

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfamariam Mekete ◽  
Kimberly Reynolds ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Michael E. Gray ◽  
Terry L. Niblack
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A survey of Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass plots throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with these biofuel crops. During 2008, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 24 Miscanthus × giganteus and 38 switchgrass plots in South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois. Additional samples were collected from 11 Miscanthus × giganteus and 10 switchgrass plots in Illinois, Kentucky, Georgia, and Tennessee the following year. The 11 dominant genera recovered from the samples were Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, Paratrichodorus, Hemicriconemoides, and Paratylenchus. Populations of Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Pratylenchus were common and recorded in 90.5, 83.8, and 91.9% of the soil samples from Miscanthus × giganteus, respectively, and in 91.6, 75, and 83.3% of the soil samples from switchgrass, respectively. Prominence value (PV) (PV = population density × √frequency of occurrence/10) was calculated for the nematodes identified. Helicotylenchus had the highest PV (PV = 384) and was followed by Xiphinema (PV = 152) and Pratylenchus (PV = 72). Several of the nematode species associated with the two biofuels crops were plant parasites. Of these, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. scribneri, P. crenatus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, X. americanum, and X. rivesi are potentially the most damaging pests to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass. Due to a lack of information, the damaging population thresholds of plant-parasitic nematodes to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass are currently unknown. However, damage threshold value ranges have been reported for other monocotyledon hosts. If these damage threshold value ranges are any indication of the population densities required to impact Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass, then every state surveyed has potential for yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Specifically, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, and Longidorus spp. were all found to have population densities within or above the threshold value ranges reported for other monocotyledon hosts.

scholarly journals Nematode Survey of Peanuts and Cotton in Southwest Georgia

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Motsinger ◽  
J. L. Crawford ◽  
S. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Cotton Fields ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Hoplolaimus Columbus ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Abstract A random survey of 467 peanut and cotton fields in 17 counties of Southwest Georgia was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and distribution of parasitic nematodes associated with peanuts and cotton. Meloidogyne species were present in 9.7% of the peanut field soil samples, Pratylenchus spp. (primarily brachyurus) in 16.9% and Criconemoides ornatus in 97%. Sixty-nine percent of the root-knot associated with peanuts was M. hapla, 25% was M. arenaria and 6% was a mixture of both. Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus spp., were not found in peanut fields in the survey. In cotton soils, 11.8% of the samples contained Meloidogyne spp., 5.1% Hoplolaimus columbus, and 0.7% Rotylenchulus reniformis.

scholarly journals FARMING PRODUCTION COSTS AND RELATIVE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN BLACK AND WHITE PEPPERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ekwasita Rini Pribadi ◽  
Agus Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
The Cost

<p>Indonesia is one of the major pepper (Piper nigrum L.) producer countries in the world. The main pepper products are distinguished into black and white pepper. Each region has a tradition to produce each of the products and influencing cultivation practices and cost structure. This research was aimed to analyze the cost of productions of black and white pepper and their relative competitiveness to the pepper price at the farm level with conventional and improved cultivation practices. The survey methods were used to obtain the primary data from respondents selected with the snowball sampling method. Lampung and Bangka Belitung Islands were chosen to represent the black and white peppers of smallholders, respectively. The result showed that the farms with conventional cultivation practices did not have sustainable relative competitiveness, indicating higher production costs than the lowest prices received in the long term. On the other hand, relative competitiveness was relatively better in farms that implemented improved cultivation practices. Therefore, to achieve sustainable relative competitiveness, pepper farms should apply improved cultivation practices. The relative competitiveness of white pepper was better than black pepper because the productivity of white pepper was higher even though the production cost was also a little bit higher than black pepper.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES AND ROOTS OF Melaleuca cajuputi Powell ON NEMATODES CAUSING DISEASES ON Piper nigrum L. (BLACK PEPPER) IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Xuyen Hoang Le ◽  
Thai Quoc Nguyen ◽  
Truong Nhat Nguyen ◽  
Hoi Hoang Luu
Keyword(s):  
Rate Control ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Leaves And Roots

This study evaluates the effects of different extracts from leaves (fresh and dry) and roots of melaleuca on  pathogens such as Meloidogyne spp., Phytophthora spp. and Fusarium spp. which affect pepper orchards in Hau Giang province, Vietnam. The results showed that the extracts increased the rate of death of a lethal nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on pepper up to 100%, while the natural death rate (control) only reached to58% at 3 days after stocking in vitro, and the extracts from fresh leaves had the quickest response. However, extracts from both the melaleuca fresh leaves and roots were not effective on the development of all 11 strainsof Fusarium spp. and 5 strains of Phytophthora spp. which were tested after 3 days of inoculation. The results illustrated that the extracts of dried leaves was positive against the growth of 2 strains (18%), increased thegrowth of 8 strains (73%) and ineffective on 1  strain (9%) of Fusarium spp., and completely ineffective on all 5 strains of Phytophthora spp.

scholarly journals Diversity of Arthropods and Parasitic Nematodes Population in Intercropping Patterns of Robusta Coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Dwi Suci Rahayu ◽  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The One ◽  
Intercropping Pattern ◽  
Shade Plants

Shade plants affect the microclimates around the plants which directly affect the population of arthropods, especially insects. Therefore, this research was needed to analyze the diversity and role composition of insects in Robusta coffee plantations based on different intensity of shade plants. Samplings of insects and parasitic nematodes were conducted in intercropping patterns of Robusta coffee namely mixed intercropping patterns, coffee-pepper intercropping patterns and coffee-banana intercropping patterns. In each intercropping pattern of Robusta coffee, samplings were conducted as much as ten plants using random sampling. Data analysis was done by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and evenness index (E). The results showed that diversity index in all Robusta coffee intercropping patterns were < 3, indicating that the diversity of insects in all intercropping patterns was relatively. Insect diversity in coffee-pepper inter- cropping pattern is found higher than the one in either mixed intercropping pattern or coffee-banana intercropping patterns. Out of those intercropping patterns, insects from Formicidae family of Hymenoptera order was found to be the most dominant insects. The composition of insects in all of those three intercropping patterns has been mainly dominated by insects from the family of Formicidae and Hymenoptera order since they are natural enemy insects. Pratylenchus coffeaehas been confirmed as the most dominant nematode species in the three Robusta coffee intercropping pattern. P. coffeae had the highest population average of 3279 in coffee-pepper intercropping pattern.

Decline of Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus arabocoffeae populations after death and removal of 5-year-old arabica coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Catimor) trees

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau Nguyen ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Wim Wesemael ◽  
Phap Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pratylenchus Coffeae ◽  
Coffee Plants

AbstractThe decline of populations of the plant-parasitic nematodes Radopholus arabocoffeae and Pratylenchus coffeae was studied after the death and removal of severely damaged coffee plants (Coffea arabica cv. Catimor) in a field naturally infested with both nematodes. Soil samples were taken at monthly intervals up to a depth of 70 cm and divided into 10 cm segments from which nematodes were extracted. The numbers of R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae in soil and in root fragments were determined. Both species were found up to 70 cm depth. Densities of R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae populations declined exponentially over time in all soil layers. No nematodes were found in soil and root fragments 10 and 11 months after removal of the infected coffee plants for R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae, respectively. Arabica coffee seedlings were planted in soil collected from the experimental plots after these time periods. The seedlings were grown for 3 months in a glasshouse and then roots and soil were analysed for presence of both nematode species. No R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae were found, confirming that the population in the field had completely declined. The results of this experiment demonstrate that a replant of coffee is possible 1 year after removal of infected plants from a plantation without any further (chemical) control measures.

Plant-parasitic nematodes in field crops in South Africa. 6. Soybean

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander McDonald ◽  
Hendrika Fourie ◽  
Gideon Loots
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

AbstractTwelve plant-parasitic nematode genera and 25 species were identified in soil and root samples collected from 17 localities in the soybean production areas of South Africa during the 1995/96 season. Predominant endoparasites found included Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, M. ethiopica, Pratylenchus zeae and P. brachyurus. Meloidogyne species occurred in 91% of all root samples, P. zeae in 87% and P. brachyurus in 33%. The occurrence of the three predominant endoparasites was not restricted to sandy soil, but they were also prevalent in soils with high clay contents. Other endoparasitic nematode species were Pratylenchus crenatus, P. teres, P. neglectus, P. thornei, Rotylenchulus parvus and Ditylenchus africanus. Nematodes found in soil included Helicotylenchus dihystera and Scutellonema brachyurus, which occurred in 78 and 71%, respectively, of all soil samples. Other nematodes found in soil samples were Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, H. digonicus, H. microcephalus, Scutellonema truncatum, Rotylenchus unisexus, Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum, Paratrichodorus minor, Longidorus pisi, Xiphinema vanderlindei, X. elongatum and Tylenchorhynchus goffarti. Highest prominence values (PV) for Meloidogyne species were recorded on cultivars Prima, Bakgat, Tamboti, Hutcheson and Knap and the lowest on cultivars PAN812, SCS1, Nyala, Gazelle and A7119. Eight nematode genera and 19 species extracted during this study are reported for the first time in association with soybean in South Africa.

Plant parasitic nematodes associated with plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) in southern Nigeria and their relative importance compared to other biotic constraints

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Omolara Rotimi ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Paul R. Speijer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe predominant nematode species found on plantain in southern Nigeria was Helicotylenchus multicinctus which occurred at all 68 sites sampled. Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus similis were found at 64, 50 and 46% of the sites, respectively, while Meloidogyne spp. second stage juveniles were found at 68% of the sites. Other nematode species occurred at less than 5% of the sites and included Helicotylenchus dihystera, P. zeae, P. brachyurus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scutellonema and Criconemoides spp. H. multicinctus and P.coffeae occurred at high densities (on average about 10 500 and 3500 nematodes/100 g fresh root weight, respectively), compared to the other species. P.coffeae was more common in the west and mid-west of southern Nigeria, while R. similis was more common in the east. Factors, derived from a principal component analysis of observations of damage caused by nematodes, the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus and the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the cause of Black Sigatoka, were related to plant growth observations. The results suggest that P.coffeae followed by R. similis are the major biotic constraints of plantain production in southern Nigeria. Higher losses are anticipated by these plant parasitic nematodes than by either M. fijienis or C. sordidus.

scholarly journals Characterisation of plant-parasitic nematodes Helicotylenchus digonicus and H. vulgaris from the rhizosphere of grapevines in Crimea, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Svetlana Lychagina ◽  
Yakov Volkov ◽  
Marina Volkova ◽  
Tatyana Kolganova ◽  
Sergei Tabolin
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Stylet Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

During 2016-2020, about 120 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of grapes in different vineyards of the Central and Southern regions of Crimea. Two morphologically close nematode species, Helicotylenchus digonicus and Helicotylenchus vulgaris, were found at all sampling sites in the Yalta, Sevastopol, Simferopol and Bakhchisarai districts. Morphologically, these species could be differentiated by the stylet length and the shape of tails. In addition, these species have significant differences in sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA.

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