scholarly journals Identification of the Molecular Make-Up of the Potato virus Y Strain PVYZ: Genetic Typing of PVYZ-NTN

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Kerlan ◽  
Olga V. Nikolaeva ◽  
Xiaojun Hu ◽  
Teresa Meacham ◽  
Stewart M. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Systemic Necrosis ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Genetic Responses

Potato virus Y (PVY) strains were originally defined by interactions with different resistance genes in standard potato cultivars. Five distinct strain groups are defined that cause local or systemic hypersensitive responses (HRs) in genetic background with a corresponding N gene: PVYO, PVYN, PVYC, PVYZ, and PVYE. The nucleotide sequences of multiple isolates of PVYO and PVYN differ from each other by ≈8% along their genomes. Additionally, complete genome sequences of multiple recombinant isolates are composed of segments of parental PVYO and PVYN sequences. Here, we report that recombinant isolate PVY-L26 induces an HR in potato ‘Maris Bard’ carrying the putative Nz gene, and is not recognized by two other resistance genes, Nc and Nytbr. These genetic responses in potato, combined with the inability of PVY-L26 to induce vein necrosis in tobacco, clearly define it as an isolate from the PVYZ strain group and provide the first information on genome structure and sequence of PVYZ. The genome of PVY-L26 displays typical features of European NTN-type isolates with three recombinant junctions (PVYEU-NTN), and the PVY-L26 is named PVYZ-NTN. Three typical PVYNTN isolates and two PVYN isolates, all inducing vein necrosis in tobacco, were compared with PVY-L26. One PVYNTN isolate elicited HR reactions in Maris Bard, similar to PVY-L26, while two induced a severe systemic HR-like reaction quite different from the quasi-symptomless reaction induced by two PVYN isolates. ‘Yukon Gold’ potato from North America produced HR against several PVYNTN isolates, including PVY-L26, but only late and limited systemic necrosis against one PVYN isolate. Consequently, according to symptoms in potato indicators, both PVYZ and PVYNTN isolates appeared biologically very close and clearly distinct from PVYO and PVYN strain groups.

scholarly journals Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Li ◽  
Y. Q. Li ◽  
H. G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Vein Necrosis

Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

scholarly journals Small RNA-Omics for Virome Reconstruction and Antiviral Defense Characterization in Mixed Infections of Cultivated Solanum Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Turco ◽  
Victor Golyaev ◽  
Jonathan Seguin ◽  
Céline Gilli ◽  
Laurent Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
Viral Quasispecies ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Depth Analysis

In plants, RNA silencing–based antiviral defense generates viral small RNAs (sRNAs) faithfully representing the viral genomes. We employed sRNA sequencing and bioinformatics (sRNA-omics) to characterize antiviral defense and to reconstruct the full genomic sequences and their variants in the evolving viral quasispecies in cultivated solanaceous plants carrying mixed infections. In naturally infected Solanum tuberosum (potato), one case study revealed a virome comprising Potato virus Y (genus Potyvirus) and Potato virus X (genus Potexvirus), which was reconstructed by de novo–assembling separate genome-size sRNA contigs. Another case study revealed a virome comprising NTN and O strains of Potato virus Y, whose sRNAs assembled in chimeric contigs, which could be disentangled on the basis of reference genome sequences. Both viromes were stable in vegetative potato progeny. In a cross-protection trial of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), the supposedly protective mild strain CH2 of Pepino mosaic virus (genus Potexvirus) was tested for protection against strain LP of the same virus. Reciprocal mechanical inoculations eventually resulted in co-infection of all individual plants with CH2 and LP strains, reconstructed as separate sRNA contigs. LP invasions into CH2-preinfected plants and vice versa were accompanied by alterations of consensus genome sequences in viral quasispecies, indicating a potential risk of cross-protection measures. Additionally, the study also revealed, by reconstruction from sRNAs, the presence of the mechanically nontransmissible Southern tomato virus (genus Amalgavirus) in some plants. Our in-depth analysis of sRNA sizes, 5′-nucleotide frequencies and hotspot maps revealed similarities in sRNA-generating mechanisms in potato and tomato, differential silencing responses to virome components and potential for sRNA-directed cross-targeting between viral strains which could not, however, prevent the formation of stable viromes.

scholarly journals Potato virus Y (PVY) Isolates from Physalis peruviana are Unable to Systemically Infect Potato or Pepper and Form a Distinct New Lineage Within the PVYC Strain Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie J. Green ◽  
Mohamad Chikh-Ali ◽  
Randall T. Hamasaki ◽  
Michael J. Melzer ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Geographical Separation ◽  
Leaf Deformation ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Poha, or cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), is a plant species cultivated in Hawaii for fresh fruit production. In 2015, an outbreak of virus symptoms occurred on poha farms in the South Kohala District of the island of Hawaii. The plants displayed mosaic, stunting, and leaf deformation, and produced poor fruit. Initial testing found the problem associated with Potato virus Y (PVY) infection. Six individual PVY isolates, named Poha1 to Poha6, were collected from field-grown poha plants and subjected to biological and molecular characterization. All six isolates induced mosaic and vein clearing in tobacco, and three of them exhibited O-serotype while the other three reacted only with polyclonal antibodies and had no identifiable serotype. Until now, PVY isolates have been broadly divided into pepper or potato adapted; however, these six PVY isolates from poha were unable to establish systemic infection in pepper and in four tested potato cultivars. Whole-genome sequences for the six isolates were determined, and no evidence of recombination was found in any of them. Phylogenetic analysis placed poha PVY isolates in a distinct, monophyletic “Poha” clade within the PVYC lineage, suggesting that they represented a novel, biologically and evolutionarily unique group. The genetic diversity within this poha PVYC clade was unusually high, suggesting a long association of PVYC with this solanaceous host or a prolonged geographical separation of PVYC in poha in Hawaii.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Resistance-Breaking Isolate of Potato Virus Y in Nicotiana Tabacum

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Soo Kim ◽  
Soo-Won Jang ◽  
Yong-Ho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Pvy Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Systemic Vein ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar

Potato virus Y (PVY) was identified from a PVY-resistance flue-cured tobacco variety KF120 showing vein necrosis at Buron province, Korea. Biological properties of the isolate named PVY-ToBR1 was characterized using various host plants with another isolate PVY-ToJC37. The isolated PVY-ToBR1 induced systemic vein necrosis symptoms on a PVY-resistant tobacco cultivar (VAM) harboring potyvirus resistant va gene, though tissue printing showed the systemic movement of virus was slightly delayed. By contrast, the isolate PVY-ToJC37 failed to infect VAM plants and the virus was not detected on inoculated leaf and systemic leaves in VAM plants. Similarly, the isolated PVY-ToBR1 induced distinctly systemic vein necrosis symptoms on PVY-resistant tobacco cultivars (V.SCR, PBD6, TN86, TN90, Virgin A Mutant, NC744, and Wislica) that have the recessive potyvirus resistance gene va, but PVY-ToJC37 did not infect systemically infect these tobacco cultivars, suggesting that PVY-ToBR1 is a novel resistance-breaking isolate in tobacco. The coat protein (CP) genes of PVY-ToBR1 and PVY-ToJC37 were amplified using RT-PCR assays with specific primers for PVY isolates and nucleotide sequences of the CP genes were determined. The isolate PVY-ToBR1 showed 88.4% - 99.4% and 86.6% - 99.4% CP identities to the 46 different PVY isolates at the nucleotide and amino acid, respectively. Phylogenetic relationship from CP comparisons showed that PVY-ToBR1 isolate clustered with PVYNTN isolates and PVY-ToBR1 isolate more closely related to the isolates from European than from North American PVY NTN.

A novel recombinant strain of Potato virus Y suggests a new viral genetic determinant of vein necrosis in tobacco

2009 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Hu ◽  
Teresa Meacham ◽  
Lorie Ewing ◽  
Stewart M. Gray ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Genetic Determinant ◽  
Vein Necrosis

scholarly journals Occurrence of Diverse Recombinant Strains of Potato virus Y Circulating in Potato Fields in Egypt

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa A. Elwan ◽  
Engy E. Abdel Aleem ◽  
Faiza A. Fattouh ◽  
Kelsie J. Green ◽  
Lisa T. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Virus Strains

Potato is one of the staple crops in Egypt, grown under irrigation almost continuously year-round. Potato virus Y (PVY) has been reported as one of the main viruses affecting potatoes in Egypt, but limited information is available on PVY strains circulating in potato fields in the country. From 2014 to 2016, virus surveys were conducted in several potato-growing governorates of Egypt, and PVY-positive samples were found to represent at least five distinct recombinant PVY strains, including PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi. Whole genome sequences were determined for four isolates representing strains PVY-SYR-III (Egypt7), PVY-261-4 (Egypt11), PVYNTNa (Egypt35), and a novel recombinant named Egypt24 that combined molecular properties of strains PVY-261-4 and PVY-Wilga156var. At least three recombinants found in Egypt in potato were previously found associated with potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD). The identification of multiple recombinant types of PVY in potato in Egypt, including the novel recombinant Egypt24, suggests a wide presence of PTNRD-inducing virus strains in the country.

scholarly journals Symptom expression and accumulation of potato virus Y (PVYO) and potato leaf roll virus in thirteen potato cultivars

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Jari Valkonen ◽  
Eerik Mäkäräinen
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Systemic Necrosis ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Ordinary Strain ◽  
Leafroll Virus

Necrotic local lesions developed in cvs. Matilda, Ostara, Record, Satuma, Stina, Hankkija’s (Hjan) Tanu and Hjan Timo and local ring spots in Olympia and Sieglinde (Siikli) following sap inoculation with the ordinary strain of potato virus Y (PVY0). Secondarily infected cvs. Ostara, Pito, Siikli and Hjan Timo developed leaf drop. No infected progeny was produced by Matilda, Saturna and Hjan Tanu. In contrast, Bintje, Puikula and Sabina developed neither local lesions nor systemic necrosis, but showed mosaic symptoms following primary and secondary infection by PVYO. The ELISA absorbance values for potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in Ostara, Pito and Saturna were less than 10% of those in the PLRV-infected Siikli. The ELISA values for PLRV in Olympia, Stina, Hjan Tanu and Hjan Timo were not significantly different from those of Siikli. The severity of the symptoms did not correlate with the concentration of PLRV in the potatoes.

Different potato virus Y strains frequently co-localize in single epidermal leaf cells and in the aphid stylet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonpius Mondal ◽  
Murad Ghanim ◽  
Alison Roberts ◽  
Stewart M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Infected Tobacco ◽  
Related Potyviruses

Single aphids can simultaneously or sequentially acquire and transmit multiple potato virus Y (PVY) strains. Multiple PVY strains are often found in the same field and occasionally within the same plant, but little is known about how PVY strains interact in plants or in aphid stylets. Immuno-staining and confocal microscopy were used to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of PVY strain mixtures (PVYO and PVYNTN or PVYO and PVYN) in epidermal leaf cells of ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco and ‘Goldrush’ potato. Virus binding and localization was also examined in aphid stylets following acquisition. Both strains systemically infected tobacco and co-localized in cells of all leaves examined; however, the relative amounts of each virus changed over time. Early in the tobacco infection, when mosaic symptoms were observed, PVYO dominated the infection although PVYNTN was detected in some cells. As the infection progressed and vein necrosis developed, PVYNTN was prevalent. Co-localization of PVYO and PVYN was also observed in epidermal cells of potato leaves with most cells infected with both viruses. Furthermore, two strains could be detected binding to the distal end of aphid stylets following virus acquisition from a plant infected with a strain mixture. These data are in contrast with the traditional belief of spatial separation of two closely related potyviruses and suggest apparent non-antagonistic interaction between PVY strains that could help explain the multitude of emerging recombinant PVY strains discovered in potato in recent years.

scholarly journals Potato Gene Y-1 is an N Gene Homolog That Confers Cell Death Upon Infection with potato virus Y

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Vidal ◽  
Héctor Cabrera ◽  
Robert A. Andersson ◽  
Anna Fredriksson ◽  
Jari P. T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
N Gene ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Level

ADG2 is a DNA sequence mapped to a resistance (R) generich region at the distal end of chromosome XI in potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena). The gene, in which ADG2 represents the predicted nucleotide-binding domain (NBS), was cloned and characterized. The coding region of the gene (designated as Y-1) is 6,187 bp long and structurally similar to gene N that confers hypersensitive resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana spp. Both belong to the TIR-NBS-LRR class of genes and show 57% identity at the amino acid sequence level. The introns of Y-1 were spliced as predicted from the sequence. Y-1 cosegregated with Ry adg, a gene for extreme resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY) on chromosome XI, as tested in a potato-mapping population and with independent potato cultivars. Leaves of the transgenic potato plants expressing Y-1 under the control of Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter developed necrotic lesions upon infection with PVY, but no significant resistance was observed, and plants were systemically infected with PVY.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document