scholarly journals Afrina sporoboliae sp. n. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) Associated with Sporobolus cryptandrus from Idaho, United States: Phylogenetic Relationships and Population Structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-779
Author(s):  
Bianca L. Barrantes-Infante ◽  
Brenda K. Schroeder ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Timothy D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sporobolus Cryptandrus

The dropseed gall-forming nematode, Afrina sporoboliae sp. n., is described from seed galls of Sporobolus cryptandrus (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Sporobolinae) collected in Idaho, USA. This is the third report of an Afrina species in North America and the first report of this genus in a natural plant population on this continent. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses placed this nematode in genus Afrina and demonstrated that it differs from Afrina hyparrheniae and Afrina spermophaga by having longer body and stylet lengths for females and males, and from Afrina wevelli by the absence of tip irregularities on the tails of female and presence of lips noticeably protruding beyond the body contour. The new species has several characters that overlap with Afrina tumefaciens, but differs from this species by inducing seed galls, whereas Afrina tumefaciens induces ovoid galls on stems, leaves, and in flower heads. Evolutionary relationships of Afrina sporoboliae sp. n. with other representatives of the family Anguinidae are presented based on analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA and the D2-D3 regions of the rRNA genes. Analysis of 270 sequences of the cox1 gene from 25 populations of Afrina sporoboliae sp. n. revealed seven haplotypes with sequence divergence up to 5%. This study did not demonstrate a significant positive relationship between genetic difference and geographic distance. Seed gall nematodes are important quarantine pests in many countries. The association of this and other seed gall nematodes with Rathayibacter species and their ability to serve as vectors, especially of R. toxicus, is of concern for U.S. agriculture.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterisation of Rotylenchus vitis n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) infectinggrapevine in southern Spain

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
Gracia Liébanas ◽  
Antonio Archidona-Yuste ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Morphological Characterisation ◽  
Pharyngeal Region ◽  
Stylet Length

Rotylenchus vitis n. sp., a new amphimictic species infesting soil and roots of commercial vineyards in southern Spain, is described. Rotylenchus vitis n. sp. is characterised by a truncate lip region with 7-9 annuli and continuous with the body contour, lateral fields areolated at pharyngeal region only, body without longitudinal striations, stylet length of 36-48 μm, vulva position at 47-57%, tail rounded to hemispherical with 13-21 annuli. Morphologically, this species is related to R. cazorlaensis, R. capitatus, R. elegans, R. fabalus, R. iranicus, R. labiodiscus, R. montanus and R. troncapitatus. The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S and ITS1-rRNA genes confirmed the species differentiation and the close molecular relationship between R. eximius and R. montanus, respectively.

Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4560 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAIFU HUANG ◽  
ZHIWEI LIU ◽  
XIAOYAN GONG ◽  
TAO WU ◽  
HUI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Central South ◽  
Extended Discussion

Land leeches in the family Haemadipsidae are mostly from the humid tropical rainforest habitats and habitually take blood from the body of human and other animals. In the present study, we report a new species, Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis sp. n., from caves in the northern subtropical Wuling Mountains of central-south China that feeds blood exclusively on cave-dwelling bats. Based on morphological characteristics, COI gene sequence divergence, and phylogenetic analysis, a new genus Sinospelaeobdella gen. n. is established for the new species, to which a previously described species Haemadipsa cavatuses Yang et al., 2009 is transferred as S. cavatuses comb. n. We also provided extended discussion on phylogenetic relationship within the “Tritetrabdellinae” clade uncovered in a previous study, DNA taxonomy, morphological and behavioral adaptions, biogeography, and possible involvement of Sinospelaeobdella gen. n. in bat transmitted diseases of public concerns. 

Some Albian (Cretaceous) asteroids (Echinodermata) from Texas and their paleobiological implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Blake ◽  
Robert Reid
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Combination ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Basal Position ◽  
Adaptive Zone

An asteroid fauna is described from the Albian (Cretaceous) interval of the Washita Group of central Texas. New genera and species are Alkaidia sumralli, (Benthopectinidae), Capellia mauricei (Goniasteridae), and Betelgeusia reidi (Radiasteridae). Additional new genera are Fomalhautia (Goniasteridae), and Denebia and Altairia (Ophidiasteridae). Crateraster texensis (Goniasteridae), new combination, is similar to the European type species, C. quinqueloba. An unnamed species of Crateraster and an unassigned goniasterid are also present. All Washita genera are extinct, but all belong to extant families. The fauna is largely distinct from that of the somewhat younger European Cretaceous chalk.The Radiasteridae (e.g., Betelgeusia) is inferred to hold a basal position in the Paxillosida; Betelgeusia extends the range of the family back to the Cretaceous, closer to the diversification of the living asteroid orders. Asteroids capable of burying themselves in sediment (and only self-buriers) share some form of channelization for the passage of water currents between the primary ossicles of the body surface. Channels in Betelgeusia indicate semi-infaunal habits similar to those of living Astropecten and Luidia. Betelgeusia represents the third semi-infaunal paxillosidan family now known from the Cretaceous, although none are known from older rocks, suggesting a broadening of the asteroid adaptive zone during the Cretaceous. The Goniasteridae, Radiasteridae, and Benthopectinidae are less important in shelf settings today than they appear to have been during Washita deposition, whereas the Astropectinidae, Luidiidae, and the Echinasteridae are absent from the Washita although they are common today in similar settings.

scholarly journals Decoding first complete chloroplast genome of toothbrush tree (Salvadora persica L.): insight into genome evolution, sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationship within Brassicales

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Sajjad Asaf ◽  
Lubna ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Complete Chloroplast Genome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cp Genome

Abstract Background Salvadora persica L. (Toothbrush tree – Miswak; family-Salvadoraceae) grows in the arid-land ecosystem and possesses economic and medicinal importance. The species, genus and the family have no genomic datasets available specifically on chloroplast (cp) genomics and taxonomic evolution. Herein, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. persica for the first time and compared it with 11 related specie’s cp genomes from the order Brassicales. Results The S. persica cp genome was 153,379 bp in length containing a sizeable single-copy region (LSC) of 83,818 bp which separated from the small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,683 bp by two inverted repeats (IRs) each 25,939 bp. Among these genomes, the largest cp genome size (160,600 bp) was found in M. oleifera, while in S. persica it was the smallest (153,379 bp). The cp genome of S. persica encoded 131 genes, including 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and 86 protein-coding genes. Besides, S. persica contains 27 forward, 36 tandem and 19 palindromic repeats. The S. persica cp genome had 154 SSRs with the highest number in the LSC region. Complete cp genome comparisons showed an overall high degree of sequence resemblance between S. persica and related cp genomes. Some divergence was observed in the intergenic spaces of other species. Phylogenomic analyses of 60 shared genes indicated that S. persica formed a single clade with A. tetracantha with high bootstrap values. The family Salvadoraceae is closely related to Capparaceae and Petadiplandraceae rather than to Bataceae and Koberliniacaea. Conclusion The current genomic datasets provide pivotal genetic resources to determine the phylogenetic relationships, genome evolution and future genetic diversity-related studies of S. persica in complex angiosperm families.

Preoperative and Postoperative Management of the Body Contour Patient

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
R. Rohrich ◽  
P. B. Fodor ◽  
J. J. Petry ◽  
P. Vash
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Contour

Zakat as a Measure of Social Justice in Islamic Finance : An Accountant’s Overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranam Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Important Form

Zakat is an important form of religiously mandated charity under Islam. It is the third pillar of Islam. The giving of Zakat is important for Muslims, as this leads to purification of their wealth from all sins. This paper examines the role of Zakat as an instrument of social justice and poverty eradication in society. Each Muslim calculates his or her own Zakat individually. Generally, this involves the payment each year of two and a half percent of one's capital, after the needs of the family have been met. One can donate additional amount as an act of voluntary charity but Zakat is fundamental to every Muslim. Zakat is the Islamic contribution to social justice: those who have to give charity share the benefit of their prosperity to those who have fallen short. This is the Islamic approach to remove greed and envy and to purify one's soul based on good intentions. This is the institution of Zakat in Islam. The institution of Zakat serves to eradicate poverty in the community and uphold the light of Islam. Allah says “whatever is paid as Zakat for the sake of Allah shall be rewarded in manifolds”.

The Concept of treaty in Islamic Jurisprudence: A comparative view of the classical jurists

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Labeeb Bsoul
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Shed Light

This article aims to shed light on a particular area in the field of Islamic International law (siyar) treaty in Islamic jurisprudence. It addresses a comparative view of classical jurists of treaties both theoretically and historically and highlights their continued relevance to the contemporary world. Since the concept of treaty a lacuna in scholarship as well as the familiar of international legal theorists to study and integrate the Islamic treaty system into the body of modern international law in order to have a mutual understanding and respect and honor for treaties among nations. I would like to present a series of three parts the first one addresses the concept of treaty in Islamic jurisprudence the second addresses the process of drafting treaties and their conclusion and the third addresses selected treaties, including the treaty of H{udaybiya that took place between Muslims and non-Muslims..

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

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