Influence of CaCl2 on Penicillium digitatum, Grapefruit Peel Tissue, and Biocontrol Activity of Pichia guilliermondii

Interactions between CaCl2, grapefruit peel tissue, Penicillium digitatum, and the yeast antagonist Pichia guilliermondii strain US-7 were investigated. Application of 68 or 136 mM CaCl2 to grapefruit surface wounds reduced the incidence of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum by 43 to 52%. In laboratory tests, a cell suspension (107 cells/ml) of Pichia guilliermondii containing either 68 or 136 mM CaCl2 reduced the incidence of green mold from 27 to 3%. In large scale tests, dip application of 136 mM CaCl2 with US-7 (107 cells/ml) significantly decreased the number of wounds infected by Penicillium digitatum. CaCl2, with or without yeast cells, stimulated ethylene production in grapefruit tissue. Increasing concentrations of CaCl2 resulted in decreased spore germination and germ tube elongation of Penicillium digitatum. Pectinolytic activity of crude enzyme preparations of Penicillium digitatum was also inhibited by the presence of increasing concentrations of CaCl2. US-7 exhibited a strong ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis at levels that did not exceed 1.4 μM when exposed to 150 mM CaCl2. On the other hand, strain 114 of Debaryomyces hansenii, which failed to give any protection against infection by Penicillium digitatum, showed reduced capacity to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. The effect of calcium in reducing infection of grapefruit wounds by Penicillium digitatum could be due to direct effects on host tissue (making cell walls more resistant to enzymatic degradation) or the pathogen (interfering with spore germination, growth, and inhibition of fungal pectinolytic enzymes). Alternatively, the ability of US-7 to maintain calcium homeostasis may allow it to grow or assist in its competitive ability in a microenvironment that, because of high levels of calcium ions, is inhibitory to growth of the green mold pathogen.

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Characterization of the biocontrol activity of Debaryomyces hansenii in the control of Penicillium digitatum on grapefruit

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m89-132 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 794-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

S. Droby ◽

E. Chalutz ◽

C. L. Wilson ◽

M. Wisniewski

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Control Activity ◽

Green Mold ◽

Synthetic Growth Medium

Interactions between Debaryomyces hansenii and Penicillium digitatum were studied in culture and on fruit to better characterize the observed biological control of green mold on grapefruit by the yeast. The antagonist did not produce antibiotic substances in culture and was ineffective in protecting against the disease when killed by heat or chemicals. Incidence of green mold was dependent upon the concentration of both the pathogen spores and the antagonist yeast cells. Control of green mold was most effective at 109 cfu/mL of D. hansenii. The role of available nutrients in the biological control activity of D. hansenii was assessed. Significant inhibition of spore germination and hyphal growth of P. digitatum in culture was achieved by the addition of the yeast cells to a minimal synthetic growth medium. Inhibition of P. digitatum by the antagonist in culture and on the fruit peel could be overcome by the addition of exogenous nutrients. Our results indicate that competition for nutrients may play a role in the biocontrol of P. digitatum by D. hansenii on grapefruit.Key words: biological control, Penicillium digitatum, Debaryomyces hansenii, grapefruit.

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EFFECT OF PICHIA GUILLIERMONDII ON PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM AND GREEN MOLD ROT IN MANDARIN 'SHOGUN' FROM THAILAND

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2013.973.8 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Sangwanich ◽

W. Leelasuphakul ◽

S. Sangchote

Keyword(s):

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Pichia Guilliermondii ◽

Green Mold

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Effectiveness of CaCl2 and Tween 80 in enhancing yeast biocontrol activity against Penicillium digitatum on tarocco orange

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10574-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 626-628

Author(s):

L. Strano ◽

A. Campisano ◽

V. Coco ◽

V. Grimaldi ◽

A. Catara

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Pichia Anomala ◽

Pichia Guilliermondii ◽

Biocontrol Efficacy ◽

Biocontrol Activity

Postharvest biocontrol activity of CaC<sub>l2</sub> and four yeasts against Penicillium digitatum was tested on Tarocco oranges. All tested organisms (Pichia anomala J121, Pichia guilliermondii NRRL Y18314, Debaryomyces hansenii DBVPG 4025 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae P1.6) significantly reduced mould incidence and severity. Application of CaCl<sub>2</sub> enhanced biocontrol efficacy of P. guilliermondii and S. cerevisiae, while it did not significantly affect biocontrol of P. anomala and D. hansenii.

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Improved chromatic and sensory characteristics of Plavac Mali wines – efficiency of maceration enzymes

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/346/2016-cjfs ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

IVANA ALPEZA ◽

KARIN KOVAČEVIĆ GANIĆ ◽

ANDREJA VANZO ◽

STANKA HERJAVEC

Keyword(s):

Sensory Quality ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Pectolytic Enzymes ◽

Colour Parameters ◽

The Moment ◽

Red Grape ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Better Than

Two commercial enzyme preparations were used in the production of wine from the Croatian autochthonous red grape variety Plavac Mali in order to improve the extraction of polyphenolic components from grapes, chromatic parameters, and sensory quality. During two vintages, the conventional maceration without enzymes was compared with the maceration using products with different characteristics: pectinase with additional cellulase and hemicellulase activity and pectinase with inactive yeast cells. Both products affected polyphenolic extraction and colour parameters: intensity and hue, and ratio between the yellow, red, and blue colour in young wines (2 months after fermentation) and at the moment of bottling (9 months after fermentation). The correlation between anthocyanins and colour intensity was very strong. The expected reduction of quantitative chromatic parameters during aging was confirmed. Significantly better results were observed in wines produced with pectinase, in relation to all analysed physical and chemical parameters. The sensory analysis showed that wines produced with pure pectolytic enzymes were significantly better than those produced without the enzymes. A product of the combination of pectolytic enzymes and inactive yeast cells had a partial influence on the improvement of the phenolic and sensory quality. The overall quality was significantly more expressed in wines produced with pectolytic enzymes, especially in young wines.

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Identification of differentially expressed genes in the citrus epiphytic-yeast Pichia guilliermondii during interaction with Penicillium digitatum

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.02.012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 208-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Claudia Patricia Larralde-Corona ◽

María del Socorro Ramírez-González ◽

Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez ◽

Amanda Alejandra Oliva-Hernández ◽

José Alberto Narváez-Zapata

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Pichia Guilliermondii ◽

Epiphytic Yeast ◽

Yeast Pichia Guilliermondii

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The use of Aloe vera gel coating supplemented with Pichia guilliermondii BCC5389 for enhancement of defense-related gene expression and secondary metabolism in mandarins to prevent postharvest losses from green mold rot

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.08.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 43-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Palakrit Jiwanit ◽

Thanawat Pitakpornpreecha ◽

Supachai Pisuchpen ◽

Wichitra Leelasuphakul

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Related Gene ◽

Pichia Guilliermondii ◽

Postharvest Losses ◽

Green Mold ◽

Aloe Vera Gel ◽

Defense Related Gene

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Differential enrichment of yeast DNA in SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes supports synthetic origin hypothesis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.72956.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 912

Author(s):

Andreas Martin Lisewski

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

The Other ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Virus Family ◽

Spike Gene ◽

Viral Replicase ◽

Genomic Editing ◽

Chromosomal Sequences ◽

Bat Coronavirus ◽

Origin Hypothesis

Background: Knowledge about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary for both a biological and epidemiological understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that a proximal evolutionary ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the bat coronavirus family. However, as further evidence for a direct zoonosis remains limited, alternative modes of SARS-CoV-2 biogenesis should be also considered. Results: Here we show that the genomes from SARS-CoV-2 and from SARS-CoV-1 are differentially enriched with short chromosomal sequences from the yeast S. cerevisiae at focal positions that are known to be critical for virus replication, host cell invasion, and host immune response. Specifically, for SARS-CoV-2, we identify two sites: one at the start of the viral replicase domain, and the other at the end of the spike gene past its critical domain junction; for SARS-CoV-1, one at the start of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene, and the other at the start of the spike protein’s receptor binding domain. As yeast is not a natural host for this virus family, we propose a directed passage model for viral constructs, including virus replicase, in yeast cells based on co-transformation of virus DNA plasmids carrying yeast selectable genetic markers followed by intra-chromosomal homologous recombination through gene conversion. Highly differential sequence homology data across yeast chromosomes congruent with chromosomes harboring specific auxotrophic markers further support this passage model. Model and data together allow us to infer a hypothetical tripartite genome assembly scheme for the synthetic biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the genome sequences of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, but not that of RaTG13, BANAL-20-52 and all other closest SARS coronavirus family members identified, are carriers of distinct homology signals that might point to large-scale genomic editing during a passage of directed replication and chromosomal integration inside genetically modified yeast cells.

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