scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity of the Mycelium Compared with Oospore Development During Infection of Pea Roots by Aphanomyces euteiches

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 992-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kjøller ◽  
Søren Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Oospore Formation ◽  
Pea Roots ◽  
Dead Plant

To describe the disease cycle of the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, enzymatic activity in the mycelium was compared with the development of oospores in pea roots. Plants were inoculated with two zoospore concentrations to achieve different disease levels. Hyphae were stained for fungal alkaline phosphatase activity in the roots. Additionally, enzyme activity was measured after electrophoresis of an A. euteiches-specific glucose-6-phosphate isozyme. Development of oospores in the roots was measured after staining the oospores with trypan blue. In plants inoculated with the higher zoospore concentration, the enzymatic activity of the pathogen mycelium peaked 10 to 14 days after inoculation, when oospore formation was initiated. Oospore formation was associated with a gradual increase in disease symptoms. At the last harvest, plants inoculated with the higher zoospore concentration had died. In these plants, oospores were found in 90% of the root length, while the enzymatic activity of the mycelium was low. This suggests that the pathogen mycelium is only active on living plants and does not grow saprophytically on dead plant material.

scholarly journals Mentha and Oregano Soil Amendment Induces Enhancement of Tomato Tolerance against Soilborne Diseases, Yield and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Kadoglidou ◽  
Paschalina Chatzopoulou ◽  
Eleni Maloupa ◽  
Argyrios Kalaitzidis ◽  
Sopio Ghoghoberidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Direct Incorporation

Tomato is considered among the most important horticulture crops in both temperate and tropical regions, and two of the major biotic stresses include Fusarium oxysporun f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) and Verticillium dahliae (Vd). The effect of soil incorporated spearmint and oregano dried plant material on physiological, yield and quality parameters of tomato, along with their efficacy against soilborne fungal diseases, was studied in pot experiments conducted in a greenhouse environment. Tomato plants grown in soil amended with spearmint or oregano showed better agronomical characteristics (taller plants with thicker stems) and improved physiological ones (higher chlorophyll content index and photosynthetic rate). Yield was increased and the qualitative features of tomato fruits were enhanced. In addition, plants grown in soil amended with spearmint or oregano and inoculated with Fol or Vd had no visual disease symptoms 50 days from the inoculated tomato transplantation, except from plants grown in soil amended with oregano and inoculated with Fol, which showed symptoms of chlorosis and leaves loss. These enhancements on physiological parameters and on disease suppression resulted in increased fruit yields of plants–grown in soil amended with spearmint and oregano and inoculated with Fol or Vd–by 77%–95% compared with free-disease controls. GC-MS analysis of volatiles derived from soils amended of either spearmint or oregano indicated that several constituents remained in the soil environment long after incorporation of plant material, although, at lower concentrations and considerable modified. The current study reveals that direct incorporation of spearmint or oregano plant material into the soil could improve tomato tolerance against soilborne fungi, soil fertility and consequently increase yield and product quality.

Protective Effect of an Ectomycorrhizal Fungus against the Root Pathogen Myceliumradicisatrovirens

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Richard ◽  
J.-André Fortin ◽  
Alain Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillusgranulatus prevented the phytopathogenic fungus Myceliumradicisatrovirens from adversely affecting the growth of aseptically grown seedlings of Piceamariana. Disease symptoms caused by M. radicisatrovirens are summarized for aseptically grown pine and spruce seedlings.

The invasion of native forest by Phytophthora cinnamomi. I. Brisbane Ranges, Victoria

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Weste ◽  
P Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Drainage Channels

Disease within an open sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus species of relatively low stature (15-20 m) was shown to be caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, an introduced root pathogen. Diseased sites were mapped and measured. The rate of advance of the pathogen over a period of 5 months was calculated at 4 m per month through moderately drained soils compared with 7 m per month through soils subject to waterlogging. Areas showing disease symptoms increased from 10.8 to 90%, the major extensions occurring along gullies. Spread of the fungus was associated with road-making activities, waterlogging, and the presence of drainage channels. Symptom expression in the different species was studied and shown to be similar to that associated with water stress. Most of the 42 species comprising the woody flora were susceptible to the disease, those particularly susceptible including the dominants. During a period of 8 months mortalities occurred in 50% of the species. Grasses, sedges, and Eucalyptus goniocalyx appeared to be field-resistant, but were uncommon in the Aora of the sites studied.

scholarly journals Types and Classification of Microb- Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Sariani Salaami Muhamed
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Monetary Loss ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Fungior  microbe  take  a  single celled or very complex multicellular organisms. They are found in just about any habitat but  many  of  them   live on the land, mainly in soil or on plant material rather than in sea or fresh water. A group called the decomposers grow in the soil or on dead plant matter where they play an important role in the cycling of carbon and other elements. Some are parasites of plants causing diseases such as mildews, rusts, scabs or canker. In crops fungal diseases can lead to significant monetary loss for the farmer. A very  a few  number of fungi  increase  diseases in animals. In humans these include skin diseases such as athletes’ foot, ringworm and thrush.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document