scholarly journals Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum bacterial infection induces organ-specific callose and hydrogen peroxide production in banana

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadik Mustafa ◽  
Benison Tugume ◽  
Jamilu Ssenku ◽  
Paul Ssemanda ◽  
Shahasi Athman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Organ Specific

Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) bacteria cause banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), the most destructive disease of bananas in East and Central Africa. During early stages of infection in susceptible banana cultivars, incomplete systemic movement of Xcm limits bacterial colonization in the upper organs. Mechanistic basis of this delayed movement is unknown. We hypothesized that Xcm infection triggers basal pattern triggered immune (PTI) responses whose spatial and temporal variability along banana’s anatomical structure accounts for initially limiting Xcm in upper organs. Hence, we examined PTI responses such as callose deposition and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in different organs in response to Xcm infection in BXW susceptible Kayinja and Mbwazirume banana cultivars and wild resistant progenitor Musa balbisiana. Xcm-induced callose increased and peaked at 14 days post inoculation (dpi) and 28dpi as assessed by fluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The levels of Xcm-induced H2O2 and callose were highest in the pseudostems and corms, respectively, and were independent of host susceptibility or resistance to BXW. H2O2 production showed a biphasic transient pattern with an initial increase at 1-hour post Xcm-inoculation (hpi), followed by a decline 3-6hpi and then a second increase by 12hpi. Our findings point to organ-specific responses to Xcm infection in bananas. The corm which doubles as a subterranean parenating organ and interface between mother plants and lateral shoots, was the most responsive organ in callose production while the pseudostem was the most responsive organ in H2O2 production, suggesting the significance of these organs in banana response to BXW.

scholarly journals Au Modified F-TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3844
Author(s):  
Lijuan Li ◽  
Bingdong Li ◽  
Liwei Feng ◽  
Xiaoqiu Zhang ◽  
Yuqian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Pure Tio2 ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalyst ◽  
H2o2 Decomposition ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Photocatalytic Synthesis

In this work, Au-modified F-TiO2 is developed as a simple and efficient photocatalyst for H2O2 production under ultraviolet light. The Au/F-TiO2 photocatalyst avoids the necessity of adding fluoride into the reaction medium for enhancing H2O2 synthesis, as in a pure TiO2 reaction system. The F− modification inhibits the H2O2 decomposition through the formation of the ≡Ti–F complex. Au is an active cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2O2 production. We compared the activity of TiO2 with F− modification and without F− modification in the presence of Au, and found that the H2O2 production rate over Au/F-TiO2 reaches four times that of Au/TiO2. In situ electron spin resonance studies have shown that H2O2 is produced by stepwise single-electron oxygen reduction on the Au/F-TiO2 photocatalyst.

scholarly journals Coinoculation Effects of the Pathogens Causing Common Bacterial Blight, Rust, and Bean Common Mosaic in Phaseolus vulgaris

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Z. Zaiter ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
J.R. Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Prior Infection

Ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars/lines with differential reactions to rust were used in growth chamber experiments to determine rust [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger var. appendiculutus, (U a)], and common bacterial blight Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (E.F. Sm.) Dews. (X c p)] reactions on leaves when coinoculated with both pathogens. The X c p-U a necrosis symptoms were very different from those caused by X c p alone. Depending on the level of host susceptibility to rust, the X c p reaction remained confined within the rust pustule or spread beyond the pustule area, causing a necrosis of the entire leaf. Prior infection of bean seedlings with bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), NY-15 strain, reduced rust pustule size, but did not affect the reaction to X c p. Screening with X c p and BCMV can be done at the same time during the early vegetative stage, but the interactions of U a with X c p and of BCMV with U a need to be considered in screening for resistance.

scholarly journals Genes for hydrogen peroxide detoxification and adaptation contribute to protection against heat shock in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

2011 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarinya Buranajitpakorn ◽  
Anong Piwkam ◽  
Nisanart Charoenlap ◽  
Paiboon Vattanaviboon ◽  
Skorn Mongkolsuk
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Source of hydrogen peroxide and of chemiluminescence observed in activated human platelet preparations

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
NI Krinsky ◽  
KL Scoon ◽  
JC Hardin ◽  
PH Levine
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Latex Spheres

Abstract Human platelet suspensions can be observed to produce small amounts of H2O2 (0.04 nmoles H2O2/min/2.5 X 10(5) cells/cu mm) and measurable chemiluminescence when exposed to target particles for phagocytosis, such as latex spherules. Both H2O2 production and chemiluminescence are characteristic of phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and analysis of the purified platelets indicates contamination by PMN at the level of 0.2%. The amount of H2O2 produced and the chemiluminescence observed can be duplicated by adding latex spheres to a preparation of PMN at a concentration equivalent to the contaminant in the platelet preparations. We conclude that the H2O2 produced and chemiluminescence observed from activated platelets is due to the presence of small amounts of contaminating PMN. These studies emphasize the importance of controlling for PMN contamination in studies of platelet biochemistry and physiology.

Photochemical redox reactions at the zinc oxide-water interface in additive-free systems

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Dixon ◽  
TW Healy
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
General Reaction ◽  
Interstitial Zinc ◽  
Different Gases ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

When aqueous ZnO suspensions, saturated with oxygen, are irradiated with u.v. light, hydrogen peroxide is formed and a decrease in pH is observed. The effects of different gases (O2, N2, and N2O) on the course of this heterogeneous reaction and also the pH dependence of the reaction have been examined. On the basis of the results obtained, the mechanism which had been previously suggested was modified to allow for the hydrolysis of the zinc(II) ions removed from the crystal lattice during irradiation. A general reaction mechanism proposed to account for H2O2 production in systems with various additives present is extended to additive-free systems where interstitial zinc (Zn1+) is the effective reductant.

scholarly journals Hydrogen peroxide production and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Tsan ◽  
KH Douglass ◽  
PA McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Production ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The effects of bacterial neuraminidase on production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were studied. The concentration of H2O2 was measured by the disappearance of scopoletin fluorescence in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. The results indicated that desialylation of human PMN inhibited the stimulation of H2O2 production during phagocytosis. It also markedly impaired the killing of S. aureus. Impaired killing of S. aureus by desialylated PMN was due to impaired intracellular killing rather than defective phagocytosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Degradation Behavior for Acetylsalicylic Acid Using a Plasma in Liquid Process

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Bang ◽  
Heon Lee ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Hyung-Ho Ha ◽  
Young Hyun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Tio2 Powder ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Decomposition Efficiency ◽  
Plasma In Liquid

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a pharmacologically active compound. In this study, ASA was decomposed effectively using a plasma in liquid phase process with hydrogen peroxide and TiO2 photocatalyst. Increasing the electrical power conditions (frequency, applied voltage, and pulse width) promoted plasma generation, which increased the rate of ASA decomposition. The added hydrogen peroxide increased the rate of ASA degradation, but injecting an excess decreased the degradation rate due to a scavenger effect. Although there was an initial increase in the decomposition efficiency by the addition of TiO2 powder, the addition of an excessive amount inhibited the generation of plasma and decreased the degradation rate. The simultaneous addition of H2O2 and TiO2 powder resulted in the highest degradation efficiency. We suggest that ASA is converted to salicylic acid through demethylation by hydroxyl radicals and is finally mineralized to carbon dioxide and water via 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid and low molecular acids.

scholarly journals A52 BUTYRATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES DAMAGE CAUSED BY ENTERIC CITROBACTER RODENTIUM INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
L S Celiberto ◽  
G Healey ◽  
J Xu ◽  
L Xia ◽  
B Vallance
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Intestinal Mucus

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often display a dysbiotic microbiome as well as a defective intestinal mucus layer, which appears thinner and more penetrable than the mucus layer of healthy subjects. Tributyrin (TB), a prodrug of butyric acid, has shown beneficial effects in models of IBD due to its anti-inflammatory effects. We previously showed that mice lacking the major intestinal mucin Muc2 (Muc2-/-) or lacking the “Core1” enzyme responsible for glycosylating Muc2 (C1galt1-/-) were highly susceptible to infection by Citrobacter rodentium, a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Aims The study explored the role of gut mucus in providing host defense against C. rodentium, as well as the effects of TB supplementation in the prevention of mucosal damage in this model. Methods Six to ten week old wildtype (WT), Muc2-/-, flox control (C1galt1f/f) and C1galt1-/- mice were infected with C. rodentium (∼2.5 × 108 CFU) by oral gavage. For TB supplementation experiments, mice received 100µL of TB or glycerol as a control by oral gavage every other day starting on day 1 post infection. Mice were monitored daily throughout the experiment and were euthanized at day 6 of infection. Several tissues of interest were collected to verify bacterial colonization in the gut and at systemic sites as well as histological tissue damage. Cecal contents were collected for the analysis of short chain fatty acids, while blood was collected by cardiac puncture after oral gavage with FITC-dextran to measure intestinal permeability. Results While WT and C1galt1f/f mice were only modestly susceptible to C. rodentium infection, Muc2-/- and C1galt1-/- mice displayed dramatically (100 fold) increased pathogen burdens, significantly greater intestinal macroscopic and histopathology scores, and heightened barrier disruption as compared to controls. Moreover, Muc2-/- and C1galt1-/- mice showed significantly lower levels of butyric acid as compared to control mice under baseline conditions. Interestingly, when supplemented with TB, Muc2-/- and C1galt1-/- proved less susceptible to C. rodentium infection, as indicated by reduced weight loss and clinical signs of colitis, while pathogen burdens were greatly reduced as was histological tissue damage, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. The same protection was conferred when TB was administered as a dietary supplementation, thus confirming its beneficial effect in protecting mice against C. rodentium infection. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that intestinal mucus controls host susceptibility to C. rodentium infection via control over butyrate levels, and highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which gut mucus modulates the resident microbiota and its metabolites. Funding Agencies CCC, CIHR

scholarly journals Progress Towards Direct Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells (DHPFCs) as an Energy Storage Concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran J. McDonnell-Worth ◽  
Douglas R. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Reversible System

This review introduces the concept of direct H2O2 fuel cells and discusses the merits of these systems in comparison with other ‘clean-energy’ fuels. Through electrochemical methods, H2O2 fuel can be generated from environmentally benign energy sources such as wind and solar. It also produces only water and oxygen when it is utilised in a direct H2O2 fuel cell, making it a fully reversible system. The electrochemical methods for H2O2 production are discussed here as well as the recent research aimed at increasing the efficiency and power of direct H2O2 fuel cells.

Localization of hydrogen peroxide during the defence response of Arabidopsis thaliana against the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Waetzig ◽  
Miroslaw Sobczak ◽  
Florian Grundler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Defence Response ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Cerium Chloride ◽  
Feeding Site

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production during the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines was detected histochemically by the reaction of H2O2 with cerium chloride producing four different patterns of electron-dense precipitates of cerium perhydroxides. As A. thaliana is not a regular host of H. glycines, the defence response is considerable, but does not completely inhibit the development of the nematode. H2O2 was produced not only by cells mechanically damaged during invasion and feeding site induction by the nematode, but also by cells surrounding developing syncytia and cells which were neither in contact with the nematode nor with the syncytium. Die Lokalisation von Peroxid wahrend der Abwehrreaktion von Arabidopsis thaliana gegen den pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden Heterodera glycines - Die Bildung von Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) im Rahmen der Infektion von Arabidopsis thaliana durch den Sojabohnen-Zystennematoden Heterodera glycines wurde histochemisch durch die Reaktion von H2O2 mit Cerchlorid nachgewiesen, wobei vier verschiedene Muster elektronendichter Prazipitate von Cerperhydroxiden gebildet wurden. Da A. thaliana kein regularer Wirt von H. glycines ist, kommt es zu einer betrachtlichen Abwehrreaktion, die jedoch die Entwicklung des Nematoden nicht vollstandig verhindert. H2O2 wurde nicht nur von Zellen produziert, die im Laufe des Eindringens und der Induktion des Nahrzellensystems durch den Nematoden mechanisch beschadigt worden waren, sondern auch von Zellen, die sich entwickelnde Syncytien umgaben und von Zellen, die weder mit dem Nematoden noch mit dem Syncytium in Kontakt standen.

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