scholarly journals The Role of Maternal-Fetal Cholesterol Transport in Early Fetal Life: Current Insights1

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Baardman ◽  
Wilhelmina S. Kerstjens-Frederikse ◽  
Rolf M.F. Berger ◽  
Marian K. Bakker ◽  
Robert M.W. Hofstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Fetal Life

scholarly journals When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
Flaminia Bardanzellu ◽  
Elisa Caboni ◽  
Vassilios Fanos ◽  
Diego Giampietro Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Neonatal Nutrition ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject.

scholarly journals Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Palmer ◽  
Eleanor Smart ◽  
Iain S. Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Human Hair Follicle

AbstractCholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.

Red cell oxygen affinity in fetal sheep: role of 2,3-DPG and adult hemoglobin

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bard ◽  
J. C. Fouron ◽  
J. E. Robillard ◽  
A. Cornet ◽  
M. A. Soukini
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin ◽  
Relationship Of

Studies were carried out during fetal life in sheep to determine the relationship of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), the intracellular red cell and extracellular pH, and the switchover to adult hemoglobin synthesis in regulating the position of the fetal red cell oxygen-affinity curve in utero. Adult hemoglobin first appeared near 120 days of gestation. The mean oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is half saturated (P50) prior to 120 days of gestation remained constant at 13.9 +/- 0.3 (SD) Torr and then increased gradually as gestation continued, reaching 19 Torr at term. During the interval of fetal life studied, the level of DPG was 4.43 +/- 1.63 (SD) micromol/g Hb and the deltapH between plasma and red blood cells was 0.227 +/- 0.038 (SD); neither was affected by gestational age. The decrease in the red cell oxygen affinity after 120 days of gestation ocrrelated with the amount of adult hemoglobin present in the fetus (r = 0.78; P less than 0.001). This decrease can be attributed only to the amount of the adult-type hemoglobin present, and not to DPG, or to changes in the deltapH between plasma and red blood cells, because both remained stable during the last trimester.

scholarly journals Gasdermin D mediates inflammation-induced defects in reverse cholesterol transport and promotes atherosclerosis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Opoku ◽  
Cynthia Alicia Traughber ◽  
David Zhang ◽  
Amanda J Iacano ◽  
Mariam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Direct Role

Nlrp3 inflammasome is activated in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. Gasdermin D (GsdmD) serves as a final executor of Nlrp3 inflammasome activity, by generating membrane pores for the release of mature Interleukin-1beta (IL-b). Inflammation dampens reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and promotes atherogenesis, while anti-IL-1b; antibodies were shown to reduce cardiovascular disease in humans. Though Nlrp3/IL-1b; nexus is an emerging atherogenic pathway, the direct role of GsdmD in atherosclerosis is not yet clear. Here, we used in-vivo Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to show that the GsdmD-/- mice release ~80% less IL-1b; vs WT mice. The GsdmD-/- macrophages were more resistant to Nlrp3 inflammasome mediated reduction in cholesterol efflux, showing ~26% decrease vs. ~60% reduction in WT macrophages. GsdmD expression in macrophages exacerbated foam cell formation in an IL-1b; dependent fashion. The GsdmD-/- mice were resistance to Nlrp3 inflammasome mediated defect in RCT, with ~32% reduction in plasma RCT vs. ~ 57% reduction in WT mice, ~ 17% reduction in RCT to liver vs. 42% in WT mice, and ~ 37% decrease in RCT to feces vs. ~ 61% in WT mice. The LDLr anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASO) induced hyperlipidemic mouse model showed role of GsdmD in promoting atherosclerosis. The GsdmD-/- mice exhibit ~42% decreased atherosclerotic lesion area in females and ~33% decreased lesion area in males vs. WT mice. The atherosclerotic plaque-bearing WT mice showed the presence of cleaved N-terminal fragment of GsdmD, indicating cleavage of GsdmD during atherosclerosis. Our data show that GsdmD mediates inflammation-induced defect in RCT and promotes atherosclerosis.

EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT: THE ROLE OF MICRO-RNAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Aitbaev ◽  
R.R. Tuhvatshin ◽  
V.V. Fomin ◽  
I.T. Murkamilov ◽  
M.T. Talaibekov
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Micro Rnas

Neurohormonal regulation of renal function during development

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. F771-F779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Robillard ◽  
K. T. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
And Function

This review summarizes current understanding of fetal renal physiology and considers the role of the neuroadrenergic system and renin-angiotensin system in controlling renal hemodynamics and function during development. Recent evidence suggests that renal innervation appears early during fetal life but is not an important modulator of renal hemodynamics and function during resting conditions in immature animals. It has also been observed that the renal hemodynamic response to renal nerve stimulation (RNS) is less in fetal and newborn animals than in adults. But contrary to previous findings in adult animals, RNS during alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism produces renal vasodilation in fetal and newborn sheep, but not in adult ewes. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in modulating renal hemodynamics and function during prenatal and postnatal maturation is discussed. It is suggested that the RAS plays an important role in regulating blood pressure early during fetal life, whereas its influence on renal hemodynamics and function appears later during development.

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