Comparison of Neurotransmitter Release from Perivascular Nerves in C57BL/6J Mice and Wistar Rats

Introduction: The sympathetic nervous system can modulate arteriolar tone through release of adenosine triphosphate and norepinephrine, which bind to purinergic and adrenergic receptors (ARs), respectively. The expression pattern of these receptors, as well as the composition of neurotransmitters released from perivascular nerves (PVNs), can vary both in organ systems within and across species, such as mice and rats. Objective: This study explores the function of α1A subtypes in mouse and rat third-order mesenteric arteries and investigates PVN-mediated vasoconstriction to identify which neurotransmitters are released from sympathetic PVNs. Methods: Third-order mesenteric arteries from male C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rats were isolated and mounted on a wire myograph for functional assessment. Arteries were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) and then incubated with either α1A antagonist RS100329 (RS) or α1D antagonist BMY7378, before reexposure to PE. Electrical field stimulation was performed by passing current through platinum electrodes positioned adjacent to arteries in the absence and presence of a nonspecific alpha AR blocker phentolamine and/or P2X1-specific purinergic receptor blocker NF449. Results: Inhibition of α1 ARs by RS revealed that PE-induced vasoconstriction is primarily mediated through α1A and that the contribution of the α1A AR is greater in rats than in mice. In the mouse model, sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction is mediated by both ARs and purinergic receptors, whereas in rats, vasoconstriction appeared to only be mediated by ARs and a nonpurinergic neurotransmitter. Further, neither model demonstrated that α1D ARs play a significant role in PE-mediated vasoconstriction. Conclusions: The mesenteric arteries of male C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rats have subtle differences in the signaling mechanisms used to mediate vasoconstriction. As signaling pathways in humans under physiological and pathophysiological conditions become better defined, the current study may inform animal model selection for preclinical studies.

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Analysis of protein phosphorylation in nerve terminal reveals extensive changes in active zone proteins upon exocytosis

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.14530 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mahdokht Kohansal-Nodehi ◽

John JE Chua ◽

Henning Urlaub ◽

Reinhard Jahn ◽

Dominika Czernik

Keyword(s):

Active Zone ◽

Neurotransmitter Release ◽

Synaptic Vesicles ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Nerve Terminals ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Presynaptic Plasticity ◽

Presynaptic Plasma Membrane ◽

Quantitative Phosphoproteomics ◽

Presynaptic Proteins

Neurotransmitter release is mediated by the fast, calcium-triggered fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane, followed by endocytosis and recycling of the membrane of synaptic vesicles. While many of the proteins governing these processes are known, their regulation is only beginning to be understood. Here we have applied quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify changes in phosphorylation status of presynaptic proteins in resting and stimulated nerve terminals isolated from the brains of Wistar rats. Using rigorous quantification, we identified 252 phosphosites that are either up- or downregulated upon triggering calcium-dependent exocytosis. Particularly pronounced were regulated changes of phosphosites within protein constituents of the presynaptic active zone, including bassoon, piccolo, and RIM1. Additionally, we have mapped kinases and phosphatases that are activated upon stimulation. Overall, our study provides a snapshot of phosphorylation changes associated with presynaptic activity and provides a foundation for further functional analysis of key phosphosites involved in presynaptic plasticity.

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Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053747 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

D. J. McComb ◽

J. Beri ◽

F. Zak ◽

K. Kovacs

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Study ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Prolactin Cells ◽

Light Microscopic Level ◽

Ultrastructural Investigation ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

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Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103826 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

G. Ilse ◽

K. Kovacs ◽

N. Ryan ◽

T. Sano ◽

L. Stefaneanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽

Aging Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Old Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

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Surface epithelial ultrastructure of the polycystic ovary in the BB wistar rat

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142888 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 252-253

Author(s):

R. C. Kaufmann ◽

F. K. Khosho ◽

K. S. Amankwah

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Polycystic Ovaries ◽

Chemical Diabetes ◽

Scanning Electron

Diabetes decreases the fertility of females, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In our investigations, we have found that 13% of the female BB Wistar rats that spontaneously developed chemical diabetes had persistent estrous. In this study the ovaries of these rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and compared to normal-cycling controls as well as to rats that had developed polycystic ovaries(PCO) by exposure to constant 1ight.

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Structural and functional renal alterations in five-sixth nephrectomized rats on unrestricted diet

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014333x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

I. Stachura ◽

M. Pardo ◽

J. Costello ◽

D.M. Landwehr

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Phosphate Intake ◽

Dietary Restrictions ◽

Severe Reduction ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Unrestricted Diet ◽

Progressive Renal Insufficiency

Under experimental conditions severe reduction of renal mass results in the hyperfiltration of the remaining nephrons leading to a progressive renal insufficiency. Similar changes are observed in patients with various renal disorders associated with a loss of the functioning nephrons. The progression of renal damage is accelerated by high protein and phosphate intake, and may be modified by the dietary restrictions.We studied 50 five-sixth nephrectarrized male Wistar rats on a standard diet (Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001 Ralston Purina Co., Richmond, Indiana; containing 23.4% protein) over a 20 week period.

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Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128584 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 860-861

Author(s):

S.K. Aggarwal ◽

J.M. Fadool

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Gland ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Before And After ◽

Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

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Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012789x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 716-717

Author(s):

D.N. Collins ◽

J.N. Turner ◽

K.O. Brosch ◽

R.F. Seegal

Keyword(s):

Lipid Droplets ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Homovanillic Acid ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Short Term ◽

Pcb Congeners ◽

Urinary Levels ◽

The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

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Molecular analysis of neurotransmitter release

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0330029 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 29-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giampietro Schiavo ◽

Gudrun Stenbeck

Keyword(s):

Molecular Analysis ◽

Neurotransmitter Release

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