Effects of soybean pectin on blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy men

1. Three studies were carried out in each of six normal volunteers to investigate how lipid, when given at different stages during the course of a meal, affects gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations.2. The control meal consisted of 300 ml beef consommé (50 kJ, 12 kcal), followed 20 min later by 300 g mashed potato (908 kJ, 217 kcal). In the two test meals, 60 g margarine were incorporated into either the soup or the mashed potato.3. The addition of margarine to either component of the meal delayed gastric emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05), but the pattern varied according to the component to which the fat was added.4. Incorporation of fat into the soup increased the lag phase (P< 0.05) but did not influence the slope of emptying of the mashed potato, while incorporation of fat into the mashed potato reduced the slope of emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05) but did not influence the lag phase.5. Addition of fat to either component of the meal reduced postprandial blood glucose (P< 0.05) and insulin responses, but when the fat was incorporated in the soup, peak glucose and insulin responses were delayed as well (P< 0.05).6. The results show that the effect of fat on gastric emptying and absorption of nutrients depends on when, in relation to the other components of the meal, the fat is consumed.

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Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to fat-free milk and low-lactose fat-free milk in young type 1 diabetics

Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft ◽

10.1007/bf02023811 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 226-229

Author(s):

J. Wright ◽

V. Marks ◽

S. Salminen

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Responses

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Altered Glucose and Insulin Responses to Brain Medullary Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)-Induced Autonomic Activation in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2005-0553 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 146 (12) ◽

pp. 5425-5432 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yan Ao ◽

Natalie Toy ◽

Moon K. Song ◽

Vay Liang W. Go ◽

Hong Yang

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Gk Rats ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Autonomic Activation ◽

Insulin Responses

Insulin secretion is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The insulin and glucose responses to central autonomic activation induced by excitation of brain medullary TRH receptors were studied in T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Blood glucose levels in normally fed, pentobarbital-anesthetized GK and nondiabetic Wistar rats were 193 and 119 mg/100 ml in males and 214 and 131 mg/100 ml in females. Intracisternal injection (ic) of the stable TRH analog RX 77368 (10 ng) induced significantly higher insulin response in both genders of overnight-fasted GK rats compared with Wistar rats and slightly increased blood glucose in female Wistar rats but significantly decreased it from 193 to 145 mg/100 ml in female GK rats. RX 77368 (50 ng) ic induced markedly greater glucose and relatively weaker insulin responses in male GK rats than Wistar rats. Bilateral vagotomy blocked ic RX 77368-induced insulin secretion, whereas adrenalectomy abolished its hyperglycemic effect. In adrenalectomized male GK but not Wistar rats, ic RX 77368 (50 ng) dramatically increased serum insulin levels by 6.5-fold and decreased blood glucose levels from 154 to 98 mg/100 ml; these changes were prevented by vagotomy. GK rats had higher basal pancreatic insulin II mRNA levels but a lower response to ic RX 77368 (50 ng) compared with Wistar rats. These results indicate that central-vagal activation-induced insulin secretion is susceptible in T2D GK rats. However, the dominant sympathetic-adrenal response to medullary TRH plays a suppressing role on vagal-mediated insulin secretion. This unbalanced vago-sympathetic activation by medullary TRH may contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in T2D.

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Modeling of OGTT Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses and Diagnostic Indices

Applied Biomedical Engineering Mechanics ◽

10.1201/9781420020212.ch10 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 275-301

Author(s):

Kah Meng Loh ◽

Dhanjoo Ghista ◽

Meena Sankaranarayanan

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Diagnostic Indices ◽

Insulin Responses

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The Effect of Oral Alanine on Blood Glucose and Glucagon in the Human Newborn Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.56.1.78 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

R. H. Fiser ◽

P. R. Williams ◽

D. A. Fisher ◽

P. V. DeLameter ◽

M. A. Sperling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Cell Secretion ◽

Term Infants ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Human Newborn ◽

Glucagon And Insulin ◽

Insulin Responses

Plasma, glucose, glucagon, and insulin responses to oral feedings of l-alanine were assessed in 44 healthy term infants during the first three days of life. Alanine administration produced significant increases in glucagon and glucose concentrations on day 1, but not on days 2 and 3. These increases occurred within 30 minutes (mean and SEM for glucagon, 127 ± 7 to 219 ± 16 pg/ml, P < 0.001; glucose, 45 ± 3 to 60 ± 7 mg/100 ml, P < 0.01) and persisted at the P < 0.05 level at four hours. Responsiveness to alanine seemed to be related to the baseline blood glucose levels since constant infusions of glucose inhibited the response. These results indicate that the pancreatic islet alpha cell secretion mechanism(s) is functioning in the newborn.

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Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses of Horses to Feeds Differing in Soluble Fiber Concentration

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 102963

Author(s):

Tayler L. Hansen ◽

Ellen M. Rankins ◽

Jill M. Bobel ◽

Meagan McKinney ◽

Timothy J. Hackmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Fiber Concentration ◽

Insulin Responses

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Adaptation of B and A cell function during prolonged glucose infusion in human subjects

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1984.246.5.e405 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 246 (5) ◽

pp. E405-E411 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. K. Ward ◽

J. B. Halter ◽

J. C. Beard ◽

D. Porte

Keyword(s):

Cell Function ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Before And After ◽

Mild Hyperglycemia ◽

A Cell ◽

Per Se ◽

Insulin Responses ◽

The Relationship

States of insulin resistance are characterized by hyperinsulinemia that often appears to be out of proportion to the minimal degree of hyperglycemia. One possible explanation for these findings is that mild hyperglycemia per se can cause an adaptive increase in islet sensitivity to glucose, leading to increased insulin output at a given glucose level. To test this hypothesis, we compared acute insulin responses (AIR) and acute glucagon responses (AGR) to 5-g arginine injections before and after 20-h glucose infusions (200 mg X m-2 X min-1) in 11 healthy men of varying age and degree of adiposity. The 20-h glucose infusion caused an increase in fasting plasma glucose (PG) in all subjects (95 +/- 2 vs. 130 +/- 3 mg/dl). PG was clamped at three levels (approximately 95, 165, and 235 mg/dl) before and after the 20-h glucose infusion. Despite matching of PG levels, consistent increases of AIR were observed after the 20-h glucose infusion: 86 +/- 10 vs. 57 +/- 8 at PG = 95 (P = 0.002); 241 +/- 20 vs. 192 +/- 22 at PG = 165 (P = 0.02); and 508 +/- 59 vs. 380 +/- 50 microU/ml at PG = 235 mg/dl (P = 0.009). In addition, the slope of the relationship between AIR and PG level (potentiation slope), a measure of B cell sensitivity to glucose, increased consistently from 2.28 +/- 0.35 (control) to 3.07 +/- 0.45 (P = 0.004) after the 20-h infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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