The Effect of Oral Alanine on Blood Glucose and Glucagon in the Human Newborn Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
R. H. Fiser ◽  
P. R. Williams ◽  
D. A. Fisher ◽  
P. V. DeLameter ◽  
M. A. Sperling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Human Newborn ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin ◽  
Insulin Responses

Plasma, glucose, glucagon, and insulin responses to oral feedings of l-alanine were assessed in 44 healthy term infants during the first three days of life. Alanine administration produced significant increases in glucagon and glucose concentrations on day 1, but not on days 2 and 3. These increases occurred within 30 minutes (mean and SEM for glucagon, 127 ± 7 to 219 ± 16 pg/ml, P < 0.001; glucose, 45 ± 3 to 60 ± 7 mg/100 ml, P < 0.01) and persisted at the P < 0.05 level at four hours. Responsiveness to alanine seemed to be related to the baseline blood glucose levels since constant infusions of glucose inhibited the response. These results indicate that the pancreatic islet alpha cell secretion mechanism(s) is functioning in the newborn.

scholarly journals Altered Glucose and Insulin Responses to Brain Medullary Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)-Induced Autonomic Activation in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 5425-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ao ◽  
Natalie Toy ◽  
Moon K. Song ◽  
Vay Liang W. Go ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Insulin Responses

Insulin secretion is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The insulin and glucose responses to central autonomic activation induced by excitation of brain medullary TRH receptors were studied in T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Blood glucose levels in normally fed, pentobarbital-anesthetized GK and nondiabetic Wistar rats were 193 and 119 mg/100 ml in males and 214 and 131 mg/100 ml in females. Intracisternal injection (ic) of the stable TRH analog RX 77368 (10 ng) induced significantly higher insulin response in both genders of overnight-fasted GK rats compared with Wistar rats and slightly increased blood glucose in female Wistar rats but significantly decreased it from 193 to 145 mg/100 ml in female GK rats. RX 77368 (50 ng) ic induced markedly greater glucose and relatively weaker insulin responses in male GK rats than Wistar rats. Bilateral vagotomy blocked ic RX 77368-induced insulin secretion, whereas adrenalectomy abolished its hyperglycemic effect. In adrenalectomized male GK but not Wistar rats, ic RX 77368 (50 ng) dramatically increased serum insulin levels by 6.5-fold and decreased blood glucose levels from 154 to 98 mg/100 ml; these changes were prevented by vagotomy. GK rats had higher basal pancreatic insulin II mRNA levels but a lower response to ic RX 77368 (50 ng) compared with Wistar rats. These results indicate that central-vagal activation-induced insulin secretion is susceptible in T2D GK rats. However, the dominant sympathetic-adrenal response to medullary TRH plays a suppressing role on vagal-mediated insulin secretion. This unbalanced vago-sympathetic activation by medullary TRH may contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in T2D.

scholarly journals Assessment of Different Commercially Available Breads and Its Effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bhavana Parmar ◽  
Rupali Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Breakfast Food

Background: Bread is one of the most commonly used breakfast food in India. The consumption also increased tremendously among children and adolescents as well as to some extent among adults. It was found that white bread raises the blood glucose levels and is not considered to be a healthy breakfast option especially for those with diabetes mellitus and those at risk of increased or borderline glucose intolerance. Aim: To assess different commercially available bread and its effect on Blood Glucose Levels of Healthy Individuals. Study Design: 5 bread varieties were chosen (namely White, Brown, Multigrain, Oats and Tutty fruity bread). The samples were fed to 30 subjects and their effect on blood glucose was analysed. Place of Study: The study was conducted in BMN College of Home Science, Matunga, Mumbai, India. Methodology: A pilot study was conducted on 30 samples to assess the Blood Glucose Levels of each type of bread. The subjects were then given bread-butter and the blood glucose response was re-tested at gap of 1 hour and 2 hour respectively. Each subject was given 5 different varieties of bread for 5 consecutive days i.e. White bread, Brown bread, Multigrain bread, Tutty Fruity bread and Oats bread. White bread is a universal standard, was used as a standard in the study.  The average plasma glucose levels were analysed in the study. Results: The average plasma glucose spike of the standard (White bread) was found to be the highest i.e (131.63 mg/dl).  It was observed that oats bread was found to have the lowest spike post 1 hour (103.43mg/dl) while tutty fruity bread exhibited a very high blood glucose response (123.90mg/dl) following the standard white bread. Conclusion: Investigations proved that oats bread should be consumed by people to mitigate metabolic syndrome due to a stressful lifestyle. Also, a healthy diet and exercise regime to be followed by subjects in the study.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Prior Initiation of Breast Feeding on Blood Glucose Levels in Neonates Born In a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Rizwan-U- Zama ◽  
Ayesha Siddiqa ◽  
A.N. Thobbi ◽  
Tehseen Sajid Mudhol ◽  
R Shruthi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Hypoglycemia is the most common event of failure of metabolic adjustments in the newborn. Changes in maternal and fetal monitoring techniques, administration of glucose-containing solutions during labor, delivery and early feeding in neonates significantly alter blood glucose concentrations during the first week of postnatal life. Subjects and Methods: A total of 90 healthy (60 born by FTND, 30 born by LSCS) term, AGA infants were longitudinally evaluated at birth, at one hour after feeds (post feed), and after 6 hours of life. Plasma glucose was estimated from Heel Prick capillary samples by glucometer method. The influence of mode of delivery, the interval between feeds, sex, birth weight, on blood glucose was analyzed. Results: The way of delivery did not affect the plasma glucose concentration in neonates. There was a substantial increase in blood glucose concentration after the first feed irrespective of their birth weight. It was found that female babies had a higher blood glucose concentration than male babies during our study period. All babies maintained normal blood glucose with the continuation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Plasma glucose levels are satisfactorily maintained in healthy term infants without resort to pre-lacteal feeds and mode of delivery did not influence plasma glucose. There is no need to check blood glucose levels routinely in an asymptomatic, healthy, term, breastfed infants.

Feeding and metabolic patterns in rats with truncular vagotomy or with transplanted beta-cells.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. E119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Louis-Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
The Relationship

The night- and daytime basal plasma insulin levels and insulin responses to an intravenous glucose load, basal blood glucose levels and rates of glucose uptake, and, finally, the diurnal patterns of blood glucose levels were investigated in normal compared to vagotomized Wistar rats. The same comparisons were made between normal and diabetic Lewis rats recovered after fetal pancreas transplantation in the kidney capsule. In an attempt to clarify the relationship between the metabolic and feeding diurnal patterns, a detailed study of the meal pattern of vagotomized and transplanted rats was performed. It was shown that 1) a truncular vagotomy abolished both the metabolic and feeding diurnal cyclicity; 2) both the metabolic and feeding diurnal rhythms were maintained in case of a selective denervation beta-cells. The relationship between the metabolic and feeding diurnal rhythms and the role of the vagus nerve are discussed.

Blood insulin responses to blood glucose levels in high output sepsis and septic shock

1978 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H.A. Clowes ◽  
Horace Martin ◽  
Salim Walji ◽  
Erwin Hirsch ◽  
Ricardo Gazitua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
High Output

scholarly journals Effects of dietary manipulations and glucose infusion on glucagon response during exercise in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Tadjoré ◽  
Raynald Bergeron ◽  
Martin Latour ◽  
François Désy ◽  
Claude Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Exercise Period

Tadjoré, Maurice, Raynald Bergeron, Martin Latour, François Désy, Claude Warren, and Jean-Marc Lavoie.Effects of dietary manipulations and glucose infusion on glucagon response during exercise in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 148–152, 1997.—The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that blood glucose concentration is not always related to glucagon response during exercise. Three groups of rats were submitted to a prolonged (3-h) swimming exercise. Two groups of rats had their normal food intake restricted by 50% the night before the experiment. One of these two groups of rats was intravenously infused with glucose throughout exercise to maintain euglycemia. The third group of rats swam while under normal dietary conditions. Plasma glucose, sampled in arterial blood, was reduced ( P < 0.05) at 75, 105, 150, and 170 min of exercise (from ∼130 to 110 mg/dl) in the food-restricted animals without glucose infusion, whereas a significant ( P < 0.05) increase was measured in the two other groups during exercise. A significant ( P < 0.01) difference in the mean integrated areas under the glucose-concentration curve was found only between the fed and the two food-restricted groups. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased ( P < 0.05) similarly in all groups during exercise, whereas plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations increased significantly ( P < 0.01) in all groups. Despite differences between groups in plasma glucose response during exercise, and despite the absence of any decrease in exercising blood glucose levels in at least two of the three groups, plasma glucagon responses were increased ( P < 0.05) similarly in all groups (from ∼250 to 550 pg/ml) at the end of the exercise period. The increase in glucagon was significant after 90 min of exercise in the food-restricted groups, with or without glucose infusion, but only after 140 min in the fed group. These results indicate that the glucagon response during exercise is not always linked to the decrease in plasma glucose.

scholarly journals Comparison of blood glucose levels in breastfed vs. formula-fed low birth weight infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Eli Tua Pangaribuan ◽  
Bugis M. Lubis ◽  
Pertin Sianturi ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Guslihan D. Tjipta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background  Low  birth weight infants are defined  as  babies withbirth weight less  than  2500 grams.  Low  birth weight infants tendto suffer from hypoglycemia compared to full term infants.  Theincidence  of  hypoglycemia in newborns varies between 1.3 and  3per 1000 live births. Blood glucose levels in formula-fed infantsare lower  than  those in breastfed infants.Objective  To  compare blood glucose levels in breastfed  andformula-fed low birth weight infants.Methods  A cross sectional study was conducted between February2007  and  June 2007  at  Pirngadi and H. Adam Malik GeneralHospital in Medan,  North  Sumatra, Indonesia. All low birthweight babies were classified into two groups: the breastfed  andformula-fed. Each group consisted  of  32 infants. Capillary bloodwas collected using heel pricks  at  1,  48,  and  72 hours after birth,and plasma glucose was evaluated using the Glucotrend2 bloodglucose test.Results  The  breastfed low birth weight infants had significantlyhigher blood glucose levels (P=0.002)  than  formula-fed low birthweight infants. Mode of delivery  was  related to blood glucose level.Infant delivered  by  caesarean section had significantly differentblood glucose levels  at  1 hour  (P=0.005)  and  72  hours afterbirth (P=0.027).  The  full-term infants had significantly higherblood glucose level (P=0.007)  than  the small for gestational ageinfants.Conclusions  Generally,  low  birth weight infants have hypoglycemiaafter first hour  of  delivery. Breastfed low birth weight infants havehigher blood glucose levels  than  formula-fed low birth weightinfants.

scholarly journals Larval zebrafish as a model for glucose metabolism: expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase as a marker for exposure to anti-diabetic compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Elo ◽  
C M Villano ◽  
D Govorko ◽  
L A White
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin

The zebrafish model system is one of the most widely used animal models for developmental research and it is now becoming an attractive model for drug discovery and toxicological screening. The completion of sequencing the zebrafish genome and the availability of full-length cDNAs and DNA microarrays for expression analysis, in addition to techniques for generating transgenic lines and targeted mutations, have made the zebrafish model even more attractive to researchers. Recent data indicate that the regulation of glucose metabolism in zebrafish, through the production of insulin, is similar to mammalian models, and many of the genes involved in regulating blood glucose levels have been identified in zebrafish. The data presented here show that adult zebrafish respond to anti-diabetic drugs similarly to mammalian models, by reducing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, we show that the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which catalyzes a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis and is transcriptionally regulated by glucagon and insulin, is regulated in larval zebrafish similarly to that seen in mammalian systems, and changes in PEPCK expression can be obtained through real-time PCR analysis of whole larval RNA. Taken together, these data suggest that larval zebrafish may be an appropriate model for the examination of glucose metabolism, using PEPCK as an indicator of blood glucose levels.

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