THYROID SURGERY AS AFFECTED BY THE GENERALIZED USE OF IODIZED SALT IN AN ENDEMIC GOITRE REGION—PREVENTIVE SURGERY

Abstract. Endemic goitre and cretinism are still a public health problem in China. An epidemiological survey showed that about 5% of the inhabitants in Daxin village, Henan province, had goitre or cretinism after an iodized salt prevention programme had been carried out for two decades. The main food for the inhabitants of this area has an iodine content <30 nmol/kg and the water for cooking and drinking has an iodine concentration between 7–12 nmol/l. We studied thyroid function in subjects of this village. There were 42 with grade 0 goitre (males 29, females 13), 42 grade I (males 23, females 19), 27 grade II (males 9, females 18), 31 grade III (males 14, females 17) and 34 cretinism patients (males 30, females 4) diagnosed and classified according to WHO criteria. Serum T4, free T4, T3, free T3, T3 uptake, TSH and thyroglobulin were measured in these subjects. The patients with goitre or cretinism had significantly decreased serum free T4 and increased serum T3 and free T3 levels compared with those of controls. Thyroid size was positively correlated with age and serum thyroglobulin concentrations. Serum thyroglobulin was significantly increased even in the grade 0 goitre subjects. The percentages of subjects with serum free T4 < 12 nmol/l, T3 >2.5 nmol/l, free T3 >5.2 pmol/l, TSH >3.5 mU/l, T3/T4 ratio >0.03 and free T3/free T4 ratio >0.36 were significantly higher among goitre and cretinism patients than among controls. The data suggest that there is partial compensation for a marginal deficiency of iodine in the inhabitants of this village.

Download Full-text

Knowledge and awareness of rural adults regarding endemic goitre

10.30574/ijbpsa.2021.1.2.0032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 107-115

Author(s):

Laskhy Rani Roy ◽

Salam Khatun ◽

Ashees Kumar Saha ◽

Hafiza Sultana

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Endemic Goitre ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Salt Level

Knowledge and awareness related to goitre is very much important at community level for its prevention. Goitre is an iodine deficiency disease, which is in endemic in northern part of Bangladesh. This is a community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural areas of Kaharol Upzilla of Dinajpur district from January to December 2018. Data were collected by face to face interview from one adult in each of the purposively selected 377 households and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study result showed that mean age of the respondents was 36.85±12.36 years where most of the respondents (82.2%) were female and 42.7% were illiterate. All of the respondents (100.0%) of the present study knew that endemic goitre means visible swelling in front of the neck. The present study revealed that 24.9% knew that endemic goitre is caused by lack of iodine in diet and having adequate iodine in diet was a way to prevent endemic goitre and 69.2% knew which food contained iodine. Majority of the respondents (57.2%) new that iodized salt contains iodine. The present study revealed that 0.8% had good knowledge regarding endemic goitre, 50.1% had average knowledge regarding endemic goitre and 49.1% had poor knowledge regarding endemic goitre. Most of the respondents, (81.7%) considered iodine an important element for body and 69.5% took iodine rich food. Though, the respondents had positive awareness regarding use of iodized salt. Level of knowledge regarding endemic goitre was associated with age (p=0.001), educational status (p<0.000), occupational status (p<0.006). Community based awareness program among school children, clubs, housewife etc. may increase the knowledge on endemic goitre at community members.

Download Full-text

Fortification of Salt with Iodine

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482659801900214 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 172-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Junshi Chen ◽

Huiyun Wu

Keyword(s):

Iodine Content ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Endemic Goitre ◽

Potassium Iodate ◽

Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Year 2000

Iodized salt is the best means of providing iodine to deficient populations, and it has been used successfully and safely for 70 years around the world. In China about 450 million people live in iodine-deficient areas. The prevalence of endemic goitre in 7- to 14-year-old children was estimated to be 20% (7 million cases). The Chinese government has undertaken to eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders by the year 2000, and the manufacture and use of iodized salt throughout China has been compulsory since early 1995. Currently, potassium iodate is used. National regulations require the iodine content of iodized salt to be no less than 30 mg/kg in the salt-processing plant, no less than 25 mg/kg in the market, and no less than 20 mg/kg in the household. According to sporadic sample checking, however, the iodine content of salt in the market and the household is far from satisfactory. The loss of iodine during cooking is as high as 50% to 70%. The major problems in the fortification of salt with iodine in China are the use of uniodized salt in remote areas, an unsatisfactory system for monitoring the quality of iodized salt, the lack of knowledge and skill among marketing staffs, the loss of iodine during storage and cooking, and the lack of nationwide systematic studies to monitor the effectiveness of iodized salt in the control of endemic goitre.

Download Full-text

Erratum

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482659801900401 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 293-293

Keyword(s):

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Endemic Goitre ◽

Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽

Food And Nutrition ◽

Long Time

In the Commentary by Guillermo Arroyave on L. L. Diosady et al., “Stability of iodine in iodized salt used for correction of iodine-deficiency disorders. II,” in the Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 19, Number 3, September 1998, pages 195–196, a serious error occurred that destroys some of the context of the article. In his penultimate paragraph, Dr. Arroyave wished to emphasize that in only five years the prevalence of endemic goitre among children in Guatemala dropped from 38% to 5%. As a result of an error in the editorial offices of the Bulletin, the printed version reads, “In 45 years”—rather a long time to wait for the results. It should read, “In five years, the prevalence of endemic goitre among children in Guatemala dropped from 38% to 5%.” Please make the correction either mentally or on your copy.

Download Full-text

IODIDE METABOLISM IN ONTARIO

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0540604 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 604-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fred Rosen ◽

Calvin Ezrin ◽

Robert Volpé

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North America ◽

Renal Clearance ◽

Young Women ◽

The United States ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Endemic Goitre ◽

Iodide Uptake ◽

The World ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Various parameters of inorganic iodide metabolism have been measured in a group of 22 healthy young women in a previous endemic goitre region of Ontario. The mean plasma inorganic iodide (PII) was comparable to values obtained in North America and Iceland, but higher than those in Scotland. The increased utilization of iodized salt in North America is thought to be responsible for this difference, and for the reduced incidence of endemic goitre. The thyroidal radioiodine clearance tended to be low (10.1 ml/min), but the absolute iodide uptake (AIU) was comparable to values obtained in the United States. The renal clearance of radioiodine was 30.0 ml/min. This compares well with values reported from around the world.

Download Full-text