EFFECTS OF DIFFERING METHODS OF CULTIVATION ON UPTAKE OF SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN AND SPLIT-APPLIED LABELED FERTILIZER NITROGEN BY WINTER WHEAT

SUMMARYIn the autumns of 1985, 1986 and 1987, a total of 84 fields in England and Wales, which had received a recent dressing of organic manure or had recently been ploughed out of grass, was sampled to 90 cm depth to measure soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin i.e. NH4-N and N03-N). Amounts of Nmin varied widely between sites, indicating the difficulty in estimating soil supply following ploughing grass or manure application although type of manure and Nmin were related. Soils contained much inorganic nitrogen where manures containing a large proportion of readily available N (pig slurry or poultry manure) had been applied. Where manures containing straw were applied, Nmin was greater in the second year after application than the first. The relationship between Nmin and response of winter wheat to fertilizer was measured on 62 of the 84 sites sampled; there was no simple relationship between N min and response to N. For fields just ploughed out of grass, the relationship was particularly poor. However, for fields with a history of arable cropping, there was no response to N fertilizer when Nmin was > 300 kg/ha N in either autumn or spring. Below this amount, response to fertilizer N varied considerably even for sites with similar amounts of Nmin. Nmin measurements are of value in identifying soils containing sufficiently large N residues to allow fertilizer applications to be reduced, or even omitted, with confidence. Where residues are smaller, models need to be developed which take into account other factors, such as mineralization of organic nitrogen reserves, which modify nitrogen supply.

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Relation between soil mineral nitrogen before sowing and optimum nitrogen fertilization in onions

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v43i3.571 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 333-345

Author(s):

C.L.M. De Visser ◽

W. Van Den Berg ◽

H. Niers

Keyword(s):

Response Function ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Application Rate ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Fixed Rate ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

The Relationship

To study the relationship between the amount of soil mineral nitrogen before sowing of onions (Nmin) and the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer (Nopt), 36 multilevel fertilizer nitrogen trials were conducted in the Netherlands between 1978 and 1982. For 26 trials Nopt was within the studied range (0-200 kg N/ha) and could be estimated using a quadratic response function. A significant linear relationship between Nopt and Nmin before sowing was only found when Nmin in the layer 0-30 cm was considered. The same 26 trials were analysed together using a quadratic and a linear exponential response function. However, with both methods the yield predicted from Nmin did not prove to be superior to a fixed nitrogen application rate of about 125 kg of nitrogen/ha. A verification pointed out that the relationship overestimated the opt. amount of fertilizer nitrogen found in 8 independent multilevel fertilizer nitrogen trials. A fixed rate of 100-125 kg of nitrogen/ha yielded better results. The possible reasons for the absence of a strong relationship between the amount of soil mineral nitrogen before sowing and the opt. amount of nitrogen fertilizer are discussed.

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Effects of repeated straw incorporation on crop fertilizer nitrogen requirements, soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses

Soil Use and Management ◽

10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00574.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 136-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

F. A. Nicholson ◽

B. J. Chambers ◽

A. R. Mills ◽

P. J. Strachan

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Leaching Losses ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Straw Incorporation

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Previous cropping and soil mineral nitrogen as predictors of yield response of winter wheat to nitrogen on silt soils in United Kingdom

Soil Use and Management ◽

10.1111/j.1475-2743.2001.tb00028.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.R. Rahn ◽

P.A. Johnson

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Yield Response ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen

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A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 1. Effects on soil mineral nitrogen, grain yield and quality

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698005437 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 377-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. T. G. BACON ◽

M. V. HEWITT ◽

C. E. SHEPHERD

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

N Losses ◽

Grain Yield And Quality ◽

One Year

A series of three experiments on loam to sandy loam soil at Woburn, all following winter or spring wheat, tested the effects of six different 1-year set-aside treatments and crops of winter wheat in 1989, 1990 and 1991 on two following winter wheat test crops. Effects of the treatments on overwinter changes in soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and plant N in the set-aside years and in the first test crops were measured, as were the grain yields of both the first and second test crops.Differences in net overwinter changes in SMN plus plant N between set-aside treatments were variable and dependent on rainfall. During a wet winter, SMN plus plant N losses were large under fallow and natural regeneration, intermediate under winter wheat and small under Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Ryegrass restricted the growth of the following wheat but yields were unaffected where fertilizer N was applied. Ryegrass proved difficult to control in the subsequent wheat test crops. Forage rape (Brassica napus) took up large amounts of N but after topping did not compete well with weeds.Yields of the first wheat test crops after winter wheat were smaller than after the set-aside treatments, take-all was probably the cause of this yield depression. No consistent yield differences were recorded in the second wheat test crops.

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