CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS OF LORAZEPAM 4, LONG-TERM ORAL ADMINISTRATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
D. J. GREENBLATT ◽  
J. A. KNOWLES ◽  
W. H. COMER ◽  
R. I. SHADER ◽  
J. S. HARMATZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lorazepam. IV. Long-Term Oral Administration

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. GREENBLATT ◽  
JOHN A. KNOWLES ◽  
WALTER H. COMER ◽  
RICHARD I. SHADER ◽  
JEROLD S. HARMATZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Low-Dose Clarithromycin in Patients With Refractory Chronic Sinusitis After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110320
Author(s):  
Han Chen ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yubin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of postoperative long-term low-dose oral administration of clarithromycin in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (RCRS), to explore the characteristics of postoperative microbiota in the nasal cavity in patients with RCRS, and to compare the differences and changes in microbiota in the nasal cavity before and after medication. Methods: This was a prospective, self-controlled study. Eighteen patients with RCRS who had persistent symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery and standard therapy with normal immunoglobulin E and eosinophil level were included. Low dose (250 mg, once daily) clarithromycin was orally administrated for 12 weeks. Symptom severity and endoscopic findings were evaluated before, after 4 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment, and nasal cavity microbiota was analyzed simultaneously. Results: A total of 18 patients with RCRS were enrolled and 17 patients completed the study. Four weeks after oral administration of clarithromycin, significant improvement was observed in subjective symptoms including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, and general discomfort, as well as endoscopic findings including general surgical cavity condition, rhinedema, and rhinorrhea ( P < .05). After continuous treatment to the 12th week, symptoms showed significant improvement compared with baseline, and endoscopic score showed significant improvement compared with both baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Analysis of middle nasal meatus flora revealed a significant decrease of Streptococcus pneumoniae after 12 weeks of clarithromycin treatment ( P < .05), while the richness, composition, and diversity were similar before and after treatment. Patients enrolled experienced no adverse drug reaction or allergic reaction, nor clinical significant liver function impairment observed. Conclusion: Postoperative low-dose long-term oral administration of clarithromycin in patients with RCRS can improve the clinical symptoms and facilitate the mucosal epithelialization, with good tolerance and safety. The efficacy of clarithromycin in patients with RCRS may be related to its regulatory effect on nasal cavity microbiota.

Effects of long-term oral administration of silver nanoparticles on the cognitive functions of mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Anna Alexandrovna Antsiferova ◽  
Marina Yurievna Kopaeva ◽  
Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Kochkin ◽  
Pavel Konstantinovich Kashkarov
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Since the beginning of the XXI century, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in various industries, medicine and pharmaceuticals due to their pronounced antibacterial, antiviral and fungicidal properties. In connection with such a high demand for the use of silver nanoparticles, it is very important to understand the associated potential risks from their use. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, there has been a study of the effects of the long-term oral administration of a commercially produced dietary supplement based on silver nanoparticles with a size of 34 nm and stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amount of 50 μg/day/animal on the cognitive functions of C57Bl/6 mice, as well as their accumulation in the brain by the method of instrumental neutron activation analysis. The dietary supplement used is recommended for people as a treatment for gastrointestinal infections. Results. It was found that after 180 days of administration, silver nanoparticles impair long-term contextual memory, and over time, the content of silver in the brain increases. Conclusion. Presumably impaired cognitive function with accumulation of silver in the brains of mice. This poses the risk of prolonged oral use of the silver nanoparticles.

Long-term low-dose oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone modulates adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone in early and late postmenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Genazzani ◽  
Nicola Pluchino ◽  
Silvia Begliuomini ◽  
Massimo Stomati ◽  
Francesca Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Adrenal Response

Desmethylmisonidazole (Ro 05–9963): Clinical pharmacokinetics after multiple oral administration

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 377-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.L. Stratford ◽  
A.I. Minchinton ◽  
S. Dische ◽  
F.R. Saunders ◽  
M.I. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals The Effect of Acute Oral Galactose Administration on the Redox System of the Rat Small Intestine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Jan Homolak ◽  
Ana Babic Perhoc ◽  
Ana Knezovic ◽  
Jelena Osmanovic Barilar ◽  
Davor Virag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Dissociation Rate ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration prevents and alleviates cognitive decline in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that galactose may exert beneficial health effects by acting in the gut. The present aim was to explore the acute time-response of intestinal redox homeostasis following oral administration of d-galactose. Male Wistar rats were euthanized at baseline (n = 6), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 6), and 120 (n = 6) minutes following orogastric administration of d-galactose (200 mg/kg). The overall reductive capacity, lipid peroxidation, the concentration of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWT) and protein sulfhydryls (SH), the activity of Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD), reduced and oxidized fractions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADPH/NADP), and the hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate were analyzed in duodenum and ileum. Acute oral administration of d-galactose increased the activity of SODs and decreased intestinal lipid peroxidation and nucleophilic substrates (LMWT, SH, NADPH), indicating activation of peroxidative damage defense pathways. The redox system of the small intestine can acutely tolerate even high luminal concentrations of galactose (0.55 M), and oral galactose treatment is associated with a reduction rather than the increment of the intestinal OS. The ability of oral d-galactose to modulate intestinal OS should be further explored in the context of intestinal barrier maintenance, and beneficial cognitive effects associated with long-term administration of low doses of d-galactose.

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