Is mindfulness training an effective means of increasing physician wellness and decreasing burnout?

Objective: Rumination heightens risk for depression and anxiety, which increase substantially during adolescence. Smartphone apps offer a convenient and cost-effective means for adolescents to access mindfulness training, which may reduce rumination. Despite their increasing popularity, it is unclear which adolescents benefit from mindfulness apps.Methods: Adolescents (n = 152) with elevated trait rumination were randomly assigned to 3 weeks of app-based mindfulness training or a mood monitoring control. Multilevel models tested group differences in state rumination change, assessed via ecological momentary assessment. Baseline adolescent characteristics were submitted to elastic net regularization models to develop a “Personalized Advantage Index” indicating an individual’s expected outcome from the mindfulness app relative to the mood monitoring control. Finally, we translated a predictive model (developed in an external sample) for personalized recommendations of expected benefit from the mindfulness app.Results: Adolescents in the mindfulness app condition reported significantly greater reductions in rumination than adolescents in the control condition. Individuals predicted to have better outcomes from the mindfulness app relative to mood monitoring had significantly greater reductions in rumination if randomly assigned to the mindfulness condition. Between-condition differences in outcome were not significant for adolescents predicted to have better outcomes in the mood monitoring condition.Conclusions: Findings support the efficacy of a mindfulness app to reduce state rumination in adolescents, particularly among adolescents high in trait rumination. A predictive model is put forth, which could be used to objectively communicate expected mindfulness app outcomes to adolescents prior to engagement in app-based mindfulness training.

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App-based Mindfulness Training for Adolescent Rumination: Predictors of Immediate and Cumulative Benefit

10.31234/osf.io/k4ygw ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian A. Webb ◽

Caroline M. Swords ◽

Laura M. Murray ◽

Lori M. Hilt

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Female Gender ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Present Moment ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Emotional Suppression ◽

The Mean ◽

Ecological Momentary ◽

Momentary Assessment

Objective: Rumination is a transdiagnostic risk factor for depression and anxiety, which surge during the adolescent years. Mindfulness training – with its emphasis on metacognitive awareness and present-moment attention – may be effective at reducing rumination. Mindfulness apps offer a convenient, engaging and cost-effective means for accessing mindfulness training for teens. Despite their increasing popularity among adolescents, no study to date has investigated which teens are well-suited to app-based mindfulness training. Method: Eighty adolescents (M age = 14.01 years, SD = .99; 45% girls) with elevated rumination were enrolled in a 3-week trial of app-based mindfulness training. Repeated daily ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys assessed problem-focused and emotion-focused rumination immediately prior to and following each mindfulness exercise. Elastic net regularization (ENR) models tested baseline predictors of “immediate” (post-mindfulness exercise) and “cumulative” (post-3-week intervention) benefit from app-based mindfulness training.Results: Ninety percent (72/80) of adolescents completed the 3-week trial, and the mean number of mindfulness exercises completed was 28.7. Baseline adolescent characteristics accounted for 14%-25% of the variance in outcomes (i.e., reduction in problem-focused or emotion-focused rumination). Higher baseline rumination, and lower emotional suppression, predicted better immediate and cumulative outcomes. In contrast, female gender and older age predicted better immediate, but not cumulative, outcomes. Differences in results across outcome timeframes (immediate vs. cumulative) are discussed.Conclusions: Findings from this study highlight the potential of data-driven approaches to inform which adolescent characteristics may predict benefit from engaging with an app-based mindfulness training program. Additional research is needed to test these predictive models against a comparison (non-mindfulness) condition.

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An Ultrastructural Study of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Macaca Arctoides

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091536 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 310-311

Author(s):

T.W. Smith ◽

J.A. Roberts ◽

B.J. Martin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Effective Means ◽

Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽

Macaca Arctoides ◽

Left Ureter ◽

E Coli ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Sizeable Number

Chronic pyelonephritis is one of the most common diseases of the kidney and accounts for a sizeable number of cases of renal insufficiency in man, however its pathogenesis requires further elucidation. Transmission electron microscopy may serve as a uniquely effective means of observing details of the nature of this disease. The present paper describes preliminary results of an ultrastructural study of chronic pyelonephritis in Macaca arctoides (stumptail monkey).The infection was induced in these experiments in a retrograde fashion by means of a unilateral catheterization of the left ureter whereby an innoculum of 10 cc of broth containing approximately 2 billion E. coli per cc and radio-opaque dye were injected under pressure (mimicing vesico-ureteric reflux).

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Benefits and Characteristics of Mentoring Students and Young Professionals

Perspectives on Administration and Supervision ◽

10.1044/aas18.2.67 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristal Mills

Keyword(s):

Leadership Development ◽

Clinical Supervision ◽

Effective Means ◽

Academic Research ◽

Mentoring Programs ◽

Teaching Skills ◽

Online Mentoring ◽

Young Professionals ◽

Research And Teaching ◽

Workplace Retention

Abstract Mentoring has long been believed to be an effective means of developing students' clinical, research, and teaching skills to become competent professionals. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has developed two online mentoring programs, Student to Empowered Professional (S.T.E.P. 1:1) and Mentoring Academic Research Careers (MARC), to aid in the development of students. This paper provides a review of the literature on mentoring and compares and contrasts mentoring/mentors with clinical supervision/preceptors. Characteristics of effective mentors and mentees are offered. Additionally, the benefits of clinical mentoring such as, teambuilding in the workplace, retention of new staff, leadership development, and improved job satisfaction are discussed.

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A Pilot Study of Mobile Telephone Message Interventions with Suicide Attempters in China

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 109-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Hui Chen ◽

Brian L. Mishara ◽

Xiao Xian Liu

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Effective Means ◽

Text Message ◽

Text Messages ◽

Mobile Telephone ◽

Future Research ◽

Quick Method ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

To Receive

Background: In China, where follow-up with hospitalized attempters is generally lacking, there is a great need for inexpensive and effective means of maintaining contact and decreasing recidivism. Aims: Our objective was to test whether mobile telephone message contacts after discharge would be feasible and acceptable to suicide attempters in China. Methods: Fifteen participants were recruited from suicide attempters seen in the Emergency Department in Wuhan, China, to participate in a pilot study to receive mobile telephone messages after discharge. All participants have access to a mobile telephone, and there is no charge for the user to receive text messages. Results: Most participants (12) considered the text message contacts an acceptable and useful form of help and would like to continue to receive them for a longer period of time. Conclusions: This suggests that, as a low-cost and quick method of intervention in areas where more intensive follow-up is not practical or available, telephone messages contacts are accessible, feasible, and acceptable to suicide attempters. We hope that this will inspire future research on regular and long-term message interventions to prevent recidivism in suicide attempters.

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