The Brief Pain Inventory: Painʼs Interference With Functions Is Different in Cancer Pain Compared With Noncancer Chronic Pain

Abstract Introduction In individuals with chronic pain, sleep disturbances have been suggested to increase suffering, perception of pain, and to negatively affect long-term prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances in chronic non-cancer pain patients with no other sleep disorders, using the patient-rated questionnaires Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Methods Multiple databases were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of sleep disturbances in chronic pain patients. Chronic pain was defined as pain >3 months. Comorbid sleep disorders such as sleep disordered breathing and restless leg syndrome were excluded. Sleep disturbances were defined using the PSQI cutoff of > 5 (poor sleep quality) and ISI ≥ 8 (subthreshold to clinical insomnia). The meta-analysis was conducted to examine the pooled prevalence of PSQI and ISI data using the inverse-variance random-effects model and to examine mean differences in PSQI scores. Results The systematic search resulted in 25,486 articles and 20 were included for analysis. In 12 studies using PSQI, the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbance was 75.3% among 3,597 chronic pain patients (mean age 53 ± 12 years; 74% female). In eight studies using ISI, the pooled prevalence was 72.9% among 2,578 chronic pain patients (mean age 63 ± 12 years; 57% female). The meta-analysis showed a significant mean difference of 2.75 (p < 0.001) in the global PSQI score between the chronic pain group versus the non-chronic pain group. The meta-analysis also showed a significant mean difference in the scores of four of seven PSQI components: sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, and sleep disturbances (p < 0.05). Conclusion In chronic pain patients, the pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances as measured by PSQI (75.3%) and ISI (72.9%) studies was much higher than those reported for the general population. The relatively high prevalence of sleep disturbances in chronic pain patients emphasizes the importance of further characterizing the relationship between sleep and chronic pain. Support (if any):

Download Full-text

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

10.2310/anes.18391 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esther Benedetti ◽

James Burnett ◽

Meredith Degnan ◽

Danielle Horne ◽

Andres Missair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Visceral Pain ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Electrical Transmission ◽

Somatic Pain ◽

Spine Pain

The neuronal, chemical, and electrical transmission of pain is a complex and intricate subject that continues to be studied and expounded. This review discusses the relevant physiology and influential factors contributing to the experience and subjective variation in a variety of acute and chronic pain presentations. This review contains 4 figures, 4 tables, and 30 references Keywords: acute pain, chronic pain, somatic pain, neuropathic pain, visceral pain, nociception, pain perception, gender-related pain, cancer pain, spine pain

Download Full-text

Authenticity as a Resilience Factor Against CV-19 Threat Among Those With Chronic Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

David E. Reed ◽

Elizabeth Lehinger ◽

Briana Cobos ◽

Kenneth E. Vail ◽

Paul S. Nabity ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Brief Pain Inventory ◽

The Novel ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

Novel Coronavirus

ObjectiveThe novel coronavirus (2019; CV-19) is linked to increases in emotional distress and may be particularly problematic for those with pre-existing mental and physical conditions, such as chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little empirical research has been published on resilience factors in these individuals. The present study aims to examine authenticity as a resilience factor among those with chronic pain and/or PTSD.MethodsPrior to the national response to the pandemic (January 10-24, 2020), participants were screened for pain-related disability (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI) and PTSD symptoms (Posttraumatic Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), and on the basis of those responses were categorized into one of four groups: healthy, chronic pain only, PTSD only, or comorbid chronic pain and PTSD. During the CV-19 pandemic (May 5-May 13, 2020), participants responded again to the ODI and PCL-5, in addition to the Wood Authenticity Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, and items related to the CV-19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 110 participants (54.55% women), aged 42.19 (SD = 13.16), completed the survey during the pandemic. The comorbid group endorsed higher levels of CV-19 Threat and Impact compared to all other groups. Authenticity moderated this relationship relevant to CV-19 Threat among those in the chronic pain only group, and not in any other group.ConclusionThe comorbid group endorsed higher levels of CV-19 Threat and Impact compared to all other groups. Importantly, greater authenticity was associated with less CV-19 Threat in the chronic pain only group, and not in any other group. The present study also highlights the importance of engaging authentically for those with chronic pain during the pandemic.

Download Full-text

The nature and prevalence of chronic pain in homeless persons: an observational study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.2-164.v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rebecca Fisher ◽

Judith Ewing ◽

Alice Garrett ◽

E Katherine Harrison ◽

Kimberly KT Lwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Short Form ◽

Homeless People ◽

Brief Pain Inventory ◽

Homeless Persons ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽

Wide Range

Background: Homeless people are known to suffer disproportionately with health problems that reduce physical functioning and quality of life, and shorten life expectancy. They suffer from a wide range of diseases that are known to be painful, but little information is available about the nature and prevalence of chronic pain in this vulnerable group. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic pain among homeless people, and to examine its location, effect on activities of daily living, and relationship with alcohol and drugs.Methods: We conducted face-to-face interviews with users of homeless shelters in four major cities in the United Kingdom, in the winters of 2009-11. Participants completed the Brief Pain Inventory, Short Form McGill Pain questionnaire, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, and detailed their intake of prescribed and unprescribed medications and alcohol. We also recorded each participant’s reasons for homelessness, and whether they slept rough or in shelters.Findings: Of 168 shelter users approached, 150 (89.3%) participated: 93 participants (63%) reported experiencing pain lasting longer than three months; the mean duration of pain experienced was 82.2 months. The lower limbs were most frequently affected. Opioids appeared to afford a degree of analgesia for some, but whilst many reported symptoms suggestive of neuropathic pain, very few were taking anti-neuropathic drugs.Interpretation: The prevalence of chronic pain in the homeless appears to be substantially higher than the general population, is poorly controlled, and adversely affects general activity, walking and sleeping. It is hard to discern whether chronic pain is a cause or effect of homelessness, or both. Pain is a symptom, but in this challenging group it might not always be possible to treat the underlying cause. Exploring the diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain may offer a means of improving the quality of these vulnerable people’s lives.

Download Full-text

The Impact of a Primary Care, Pharmacist-Driven Intervention in Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain—A Pilot Study

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy8030113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Mo Chen ◽

Tejal Patel ◽

Feng Chang

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Primary Care ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Family Health ◽

Primary Care Settings ◽

Pain Intervention ◽

Family Health Team ◽

The Impact

Background: Chronic pain is a prevalent condition, experienced by 15.3% to 55% of Canadians, that is difficult to manage. With their broad accessibility and expertise on drugs, primary care pharmacists can help patients optimize their pain management. Methods: The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a primary care, pharmacist-driven chronic pain intervention on pain and quality of life in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. A three-month naturalistic prospective study was conducted in primary care settings (five community pharmacies and one Family Health Team) across Ontario, Canada with a total of six pharmacists and 19 study participants. The primary care, pharmacist-driven chronic pain intervention consisted of patient assessments, medication reviews, care plan recommendations, and patient education. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, pain intensity, pain interference, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline and at follow up (week 2 and month 3). Results: Trends towards improvement in pain and quality of life were found, however, these improvements were not statistically significant at follow up (month 3). Conclusions: This study provides the foundational research required to better understand the impact of Ontario pharmacists’ extended role in pain management in non-cancer patients within multiple primary care settings (e.g., Family Health Team, etc.) and has illustrated the importance of modifying and customizing care plans in patients with chronic pain. A larger sample size with tailored outcome measures may be necessary to better highlight significant improvements in pain and quality of life in patients with chronic non-cancer pain using a primary care, pharmacist-driven intervention.

Download Full-text

Pain Acceptance and Its Associated Factors among Cancer Patients in Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2019/9458683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xianghua Xu ◽

Meijun Ou ◽

Chanjuan Xie ◽

Qinqin Cheng ◽

Yongyi Chen

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Mainland China ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pain Acceptance ◽

Cancer Hospital ◽

Pain Duration

Background. Pain acceptance is associated with disability, pain interference, depression, and anxiety. Few studies have been conducted on the acceptance of cancer pain and its correlates. Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine the level and correlates of pain acceptance in cancer patients from mainland China. Setting and Participants. The study comprised 156 cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital in Hunan Province of China. Design. The study is based on a cross-sectional survey design. Subjects and Methods. The 8-item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8) was completed by 156 cancer patients with chronic pain from a tertiary cancer hospital. Demographics, pain, and negative mood assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were explored in relation to the CPAQ-8 scores using descriptive univariate analysis. Results. For the 156 patients, the mean CPAQ-8 score was 25.99 (SD = 8.56; range: 9 to 44). The scores were associated with age, gender, marital status, pain duration, number of pain sites, and duration of taking analgesics. The total scores on the CPAQ-8 and its two subscales (activity engagement and pain willingness) were negatively correlated with the HADS scores. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the prevalence of pain acceptance is relatively low for Chinese cancer patients. The cancer pain acceptance is affected by age, gender, pain duration, number of pain sites, and duration of taking analgesics. The acceptance of cancer pain is negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Therefore, patients with risk factors for low pain acceptance should receive more attention in Chinese medical settings.

Download Full-text

Treatment of cancer pain and other chronic pain by japanese neurosurgeons

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management ◽

10.1016/0885-3924(88)90065-6 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. S13

Author(s):

J. Izumi ◽

H. Takeya

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Cancer Pain

Download Full-text

Israel

10.1093/med/9780198785750.003.0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Elon Eisenberg ◽

Silviu Brill

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Management ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

End Of Life ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Later Life ◽

Recent Innovation ◽

History Of ◽

Prevalence Of Pain ◽

Pain Care

Israel is a member of the European Pain Federation (EFIC). The national pain society works to support the needs of patients with pain, including those with acute pain, chronic pain, cancer pain, pain in later life, and at the end of life. In this chapter of European Pain Management we describe first the geography and history of the country as it relates to the recent demographics of the population, the prevalence of pain and needs for pain management, the pain workforce and its organization, the system pain specialists work within, and specific issues that have been tackled to improve the delivery of pain care. An example of recent innovation is also described.

Download Full-text

France

10.1093/med/9780198785750.003.0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Didier Bouhassira ◽

Nadine Attal

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Management ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

End Of Life ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Later Life ◽

Recent Innovation ◽

History Of ◽

Prevalence Of Pain ◽

Pain Care

France is a member of the European Pain Federation (EFIC). The national pain society works to support the needs of patients with pain, including those with acute pain, chronic pain, cancer pain, pain in later life, and at the end of life. In this chapter of European Pain Management we describe first the geography and history of the country as it relates to the recent demographics of the population, the prevalence of pain and needs for pain management, the pain workforce and its organization, the system pain specialists work within, and specific issues that have been tackled to improve the delivery of pain care. An example of recent innovation is also described.

Download Full-text