Effect of Equipotent Doses of Propofol versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Regulatory T Cells after Breast Cancer Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Sik Oh ◽  
Jaemoon Lee ◽  
Tae-Gyoon Yoon ◽  
Eun-Hye Seo ◽  
Hyun-Jun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Clusters of differentiation 39 and 73, enzymes expressed on the surface of regulatory T cells, promote cancer recurrence and metastasis by suppressing immune cells. The authors hypothesized that propofol is less immunosuppressive than volatile anesthetics. The objective of this randomized trial was to compare the changes in cluster of differentiation 39 and 73 expression on regulatory T cells between propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthesia during breast cancer surgery. Methods A total of 201 patients having breast cancer surgery were randomly assigned and analyzed (n = 99 for propofol, n = 102 for sevoflurane). Blood samples were obtained immediately before anesthesia induction and 1 and 24 h postoperatively. The frequency of cluster of differentiation 39 and 73 expression on circulating regulatory T cells (primary outcome) and the frequency of circulating type 1 and type 17 helper T cells, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T cells were investigated. Serum cytokines and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were also evaluated. Results Changes in cluster of differentiation 39 and 73 expression on regulatory T cells over time did not differ with propofol and sevoflurane groups (difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.01 [−2.04 to 2.06], P = 0.995 for cluster of differentiation 39; −0.93 [−3.12 to 1.26], P = 0.403 for cluster of differentiation 73). There were no intergroup differences in type 1, type 17 helper T cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, cytokines, or the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusions Changes in immune cells were similar with propofol and sevoflurane during breast cancer surgery. The effect of anesthetics on the perioperative immune activity may be minimal during cancer surgery.

scholarly journals The Multifaceted Role of Regulatory T Cells in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kos ◽  
Karin E. de Visser
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date

The microenvironment of breast cancer hosts a dynamic cross talk between diverse players of the immune system. While cytotoxic immune cells are equipped to control tumor growth and metastasis, tumor-corrupted immunosuppressive immune cells strive to impair effective immunity and promote tumor progression. Of these, regulatory T cells (Tregs), the gatekeepers of immune homeostasis, emerge as multifaceted players involved in breast cancer. Intriguingly, clinical observations suggest that blood and intratumoral Tregs can have strong prognostic value, dictated by breast cancer subtype. Accordingly, emerging preclinical evidence shows that Tregs occupy a central role in breast cancer initiation and progression and provide critical support to metastasis formation. Here, Tregs are not only important for immune escape but also promote tumor progression independent of their immune regulatory capacity. Combining insights into Treg biology with advances made across the rapidly growing field of immuno-oncology is expected to set the stage for the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cancer Biology, Volume 5 is March 4, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Perspectives Concerning Various Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Detected Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Tirasak Pasharawipas
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Infected Cells

After exposure to SARS-CoV-2, varying symptoms of COVID-19 ranging from asymptomatic symptoms to morbidity and mortality have been exhibited in each individual. SARS-CoV-2 requires various cellular molecules for penetration into a target host cell. Angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) acts as the viral receptor molecule. After attachment, SARS-CoV-2 also requires the transmembrane protease serine-2 (TMPRSS-2) and furin molecules, which serve as co-receptors for penetration into the target cell and for subsequent replication. In the meantime, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is required for the induction of adaptive immune cells, especially cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, to clear the virally infected cells. This perspective review article proposes different aspects to explain the varying symptoms of the individuals who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, which relates to the polymorphisms of these involved molecules.

scholarly journals A Perspective of Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Lessons Learned and Forward Directions for All Cancers

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S29425 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Nahas ◽  
Nykia D. Walker ◽  
Margarette Bryan ◽  
Pranela Rameshwar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Protection

Immunotherapy for cancer has been a focus 50 years ago. At the time, this treatment was developed prior to cloning of the cytokines, no knowledge of regulatory T-cells, and very little information that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (originally colony forming unit-fibroblasts [CFU-F]) could be licensed by the inflammatory microenvironment to suppress an immune response. Given the information available at that time, mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood were activated ex vivo and then replaced in the patients with tumor. The intent was to harness these activated immune cells to target the cancer cells. These studies did not lead to long-term responses because the activated cells when reinfused into the patients were an advantage to the resident MSCs, which can home the tumor and then become suppressive in the presence of the immune cells. The immune suppression caused by MSCs would also expand regulatory T-cells, resulting instead in tumor protection. As time progressed, these different fields converged into a new approach to use immunotherapy for cancer. This article discusses these approaches and also reviews chimeric antigen receptor in the context of future treatments for solid tumors, including breast cancer.

scholarly journals Neonatal Pig Sertoli Cells Survive Xenotransplantation by Creating an Immune Modulatory Environment Involving CD4 and CD8 Regulatory T Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 096368972094710
Author(s):  
Gurvinder Kaur ◽  
Kandis Wright ◽  
Payal Mital ◽  
Taylor Hibler ◽  
Jonathan M. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Neonatal Pig ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

The acute cell-mediated immune response presents a significant barrier to xenotransplantation. Immune-privileged Sertoli cells (SC) can prolong the survival of co-transplanted cells including xenogeneic islets, hepatocytes, and neurons by protecting them from immune rejection. Additionally, SC survive as allo- and xenografts without the use of any immunosuppressive drugs suggesting elucidating the survival mechanism(s) of SC could be used to improve survival of xenografts. In this study, the survival and immune response generated toward neonatal pig SC (NPSC) or neonatal pig islets (NPI), nonimmune-privileged controls, was compared after xenotransplantation into naïve Lewis rats without immune suppression. The NPSC survived throughout the study, while NPI were rejected within 9 days. Analysis of the grafts revealed that macrophages and T cells were the main immune cells infiltrating the NPSC and NPI grafts. Further characterization of the T cells within the grafts indicated that the NPSC grafts contained significantly more cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) regulatory T cells (Tregs) at early time points than the NPI grafts. Additionally, the presence of increased amounts of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and apoptosis in the NPSC grafts compared to NPI grafts suggests the presence of regulatory immune cells in the NPSC grafts. The NPSC expressed several immunoregulatory factors such as TGFβ, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase, and galectin-1, which could promote the recruitment of these regulatory immune cells to the NPSC grafts. In contrast, NPI grafts had fewer Tregs and increased apoptosis and inflammation (increased TNFα, decreased IL-10 and TGFβ) suggestive of cytotoxic immune cells that contribute to their early rejection. Collectively, our data suggest that a regulatory graft environment with regulatory immune cells including CD4 and CD8 Tregs in NPSC grafts could be attributed to the prolonged survival of the NPSC xenografts.

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