scholarly journals Consequences of Succinylcholine Administration to Patients Using Statins

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alparslan Turan ◽  
Maria L. Mendoza ◽  
Shipra Gupta ◽  
Jing You ◽  
Alexandru Gottlieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Clinical Consequence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Difference

Background Statins cause structural changes in myocytes and provoke myotoxicity, myopathy, and myalgias. Thus, patients taking statins may be especially susceptible to succinylcholine-induced muscle injury. The authors tested the hypothesis that succinylcholine increases plasma concentrations of myoglobin, potassium, and creatine kinase more in patients who take statins than in those who do not and that succinylcholine-induced postoperative muscle pain is aggravated in statin users. Methods Patients who took statins for at least 3 months and those who had never used statins were enrolled. General anesthesia was induced and included 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine for intubation. The incidence and degree of fasciculation after succinylcholine administration were recorded. Blood samples were obtained before induction and 5 and 20 min and 24 h after succinylcholine administration. Patients were interviewed 2 and 24 h after surgery to determine the degree of myalgia. Results The authors enrolled 38 patients who used statins and 32 who did not. At 20 min, myoglobin was higher in statin users versus nonusers (ratio of medians 1.34 [95% CI: 1.1, 1.7], P = 0.018). Fasciculations in statin users were more intense than in nonusers (P = 0.047). However, plasma potassium and creatine kinase concentrations were similar in statin users and nonusers, as was muscle pain. Conclusions The plasma myoglobin concentration at 20 min was significantly greater in statin users than nonusers, although the difference seems unlikely to be clinically important. The study results suggest that the effect of succinylcholine given to patients taking statins is likely to be small and probably of limited clinical consequence.

scholarly journals A COVID-19 Hotspot Area: Activities and Epidemiological Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cito ◽  
Laura Amato ◽  
Alessandra Di Giuseppe ◽  
Maria Luisa Danzetta ◽  
Simona Iannetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
P Value ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Abruzzo Region ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village ◽  
Emergency Measures

By late March 2020, Villa Caldari, a small village of the municipality of Ortona (Abruzzo region), was registering an incidence rate of COVID-19 cases ten times greater than the overall municipality and was declared a hotspot area. Twenty-two days later, epidemiological investigation and sampling were performed, to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 circulation and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Overall, 681 nasopharyngeal swabs and 667 blood samples were collected. Only one resident of the village resulted in being positive for RNA viral shedding, while 73 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall seroprevalence was 10.9%. The difference between the seroprevalence of infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals was significant (χ2 = 14.50 p-value = 0.0001). Amongst the residents positive for antibodies, fatigue and/or muscle pain, fever and anosmia were the most experienced symptoms, whose most frequent onset was observed during the first two weeks of March. Familial and habit-related clusters were highlighted. Nevertheless, the investigations showed a low SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the village at the time of the sampling, demonstrating virus transmission could be limited when strict emergency measures are followed. Given the favorable results, the emergency measures were then lifted.

Non-Linear Pharmacokinetics of Atomoxetine in Adult Japanese Patients With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Atsunori Sugimoto ◽  
Yutaro Suzuki ◽  
Naoki Orime ◽  
Taketsugu Hayashi ◽  
Jun Egawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Linear Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Atomoxetine Treatment

Objective: The objective was to reveal the relationship between dose and concentration of atomoxetine. Method: Fifty-five blood samples of 33 patients with ADHD were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The plasma concentrations were 53.2 ± 67.0, 298.0 ± 390.5, and 639.3 ± 831.9 ng/mL at doses of 40 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg, and the concentration/dose were 1.33 ± 1.67, 3.73 ± 4.88, and 5.33 ± 6.93 ng/mL/mg, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation between the concentration and the dose of atomoxetine ( p = .004), and a trending toward significance in the difference in the concentration/dose in the three dosage groups ( p = .064). The concentration/dose at 40 and 80 + 120 mg/day were 1.33 ± 1.67 and 4.22 ± 5.53 ng/mL/mg, the latter was significantly higher than the former ( p = .006), which suggested non-linear pharmacokinetics. Conclusion: Clinicians should carefully titrate in high dose atomoxetine treatment.

Pharmacokinetics of Prilocaine after Intravenous Administration in Volunteers 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auke Dirk van der Meer ◽  
Anton G. L. Burm ◽  
Rudolf Stienstra ◽  
Jack W. van Kleef ◽  
Arie A. Vletter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Unbound Fraction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background Prilocaine exists in two stereoisomeric configurations, the enantiomers S(+)- and R(-)-prilocaine. The drug is clinically used as the racemate. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers after intravenous administration of the racemate. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers received 200 mg racemic prilocaine as a 10-min intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected for 8 h after the start of the infusion. Plasma concentrations were measured by stereoselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Unbound fractions of the enantiomers in blank blood samples, spiked with racemic prilocaine, were determined using equilibrium dialysis. Results The unbound fraction of R(-)-prilocaine (mean +/- SD, 70%+/-8%) was smaller (P < 0.05) than that of S(+)-prilocaine (73%+/-5%). The total plasma clearance of R(-)-prilocaine (2.57+/-0.46 l/min) was larger (P < 0.0001) than that of S(+)-prilocaine (1.91+/-0.30 l/min). The steady-state volume of distribution of R(-)-prilocaine (279+/-94 l) did not differ from that of S(+)-prilocaine (291+/-93 l). The terminal half-life of R(-)-prilocaine (87+/-27 min) was shorter (P < 0.05) than that of S(+)-prilocaine (124+/-64 min), as was the mean residence time of R(-)-prilocaine (108+/-30 min) compared with S(+)-prilocaine (155+/-59 min; P < 0.005). Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of prilocaine are enantioselective. The difference in clearance is most likely a result of a difference in intrinsic metabolic clearance. The difference in the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of prilocaine does not seem to be clinically relevant.

scholarly journals Effort of Varying Intensity as a Factor Influencing the Variability of Selected Biochemical Blood Parameters of Jumping Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Krzysztof Lutnicki ◽  
Agnieszka Zofia Rowicka ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Monika Bryl
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intensity Characteristic

Abstract Blood samples were collected from horses in four time points of the spring-winter training season, according to the difference in effort intensity characteristic for each period. Serum contents of glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine, as well as activity of creatine kinase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Training did not cause muscle damage, and as a result of training, changes in the characteristics of both, contraction and biochemical properties of muscle tissue took place, which was confirmed by the conducted tests.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eccentric Retraining on Sensation of Muscle Pain and Delay Onset Muscle Soreness Markers on Sedentary Young Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-423
Author(s):  
Ali Forutan Ghojebiglo ◽  
◽  
Marefat Siahkohian ◽  
Leila Fasihi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Delay Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aims Due to the concerns among trainers about relieving muscle pain as soon as possible, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric retraining on muscle pain and Delay Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) markers in sedentary young men. Methods In this study, sixteen inactive healthy young men voluntarily and after written informed consent. Subjects were randomly divided into control (n=8) and experimental (n=8) groups. Both groups performed seventy eccentric contractions in the flexor elbow muscles with 80% of maximal repetition. Muscular pain perception, serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) indices were measured before, one, 26, 48 and 72 hours after eccentric training. Independent t-test and Repeated measure analysis variance in the significant level of P≤0.05 used for data analysis. Results The sensation of muscle pain and creatine kinase in both groups increased significantly after exercise (P≤0.05), lactate dehydrogenase level was increased in both groups. Still, this increase was not significant (P>0.05). Also, no significant difference in the CK and LDH and pain perception in the measurement stage between the two groups was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion This study results showed that retraining isn’t an essential influential variable on muscle pain and DOMS markers. However, more research needs to be done in this area.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses in Cats Following Primary and Annual Vaccination against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) with an Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Mark Westman ◽  
Dennis Yang ◽  
Jennifer Green ◽  
Jacqueline Norris ◽  
Richard Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Primary Antibody Response ◽  
Residual Blood

Although the antibody response induced by primary vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (three doses, 2–4 weeks apart) is well described, the antibody response induced by annual vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (single dose every 12 months after primary vaccination) and how it compares to the primary antibody response has not been studied. Residual blood samples from a primary FIV vaccination study (n = 11), and blood samples from cats given an annual FIV vaccination (n = 10), were utilized. Samples from all 21 cats were tested with a commercially available PCR assay (FIV RealPCRTM), an anti-p24 microsphere immunoassay (MIA), an anti-FIV transmembrane (TM; gp40) peptide ELISA, and a range of commercially available point-of-care (PoC) FIV antibody kits. PCR testing confirmed all 21 cats to be FIV-uninfected for the duration of this study. Results from MIA and ELISA testing showed that both vaccination regimes induced significant antibody responses against p24 and gp40, and both anti-p24 and anti-gp40 antibodies were variably present 12 months after FIV vaccination. The magnitude of the antibody response against both p24 and gp40 was significantly higher in the primary FIV vaccination group than in the annual FIV vaccination group. The differences in prime versus recall post-vaccinal antibody levels correlated with FIV PoC kit performance. Two FIV PoC kits that detect antibodies against gp40, namely Witness® and Anigen Rapid®, showed 100% specificity in cats recently administered an annual FIV vaccination, demonstrating that they can be used to accurately distinguish vaccination and infection in annually vaccinated cats. A third FIV PoC kit, SNAP® Combo, had 0% specificity in annually FIV-vaccinated cats, and should not be used in any cat with a possible history of FIV vaccination. This study outlines the antibody response to inactivated Fel-O-Vax® FIV whole-virus vaccine, and demonstrates how best to diagnose FIV infection in jurisdictions where FIV vaccination is practiced.

scholarly journals Tacrolimus-Based Immunosuppressive Therapy Influences Sex Hormone Profile in Renal-Transplant Recipients—A Research Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Dagmara Szypulska-Koziarska ◽  
Aleksandra Wilk ◽  
Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec ◽  
Daria Śleboda-Taront ◽  
Barbara Wiszniewska
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

It is estimated that approximately 20% of couples suffer from infertility worldwide and within renal-transplant recipients, this problem is 10 times more common. An intake of immunosuppressants may lead to hormonal imbalance. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of tacrolimus-based therapy on the hormonal status of grafted patients. Blood samples were obtained from patients from the Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine of Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Pomeranian Medical University. All 121 patients had stable graft function for over 6 months. The blood plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, cortisol were assessed by the electrochemiluminescence method. We observed decreased levels of prolactin (11.9 ng/mL) and cortisol (87.4 μg/mL) in patients under tacrolimus-based therapy. Tacrolimus-based therapy was also associated with increased testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone in males, 4.04 ng/mL and 6.9 mLU/mL, respectively, and decreased testosterone levels in females, 0.121 ng/mL. We also assessed that immunosuppressive therapy based on tacrolimus is less nephrotoxic in comparison to other regimens. Concluding, tacrolimus-based therapy may influence the hormonal status of transplant recipients in the current study. Results presented here are believed to be helpful for clinicians and patients, especially within the aspect of willingness for biological offspring.

Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns in SARS-CoV-2, its mutants and other respiratory viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Tyagi ◽  
Rahila Sardar ◽  
Dinesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) poses a worldwide human health crisis, causing respiratory illness with a high mortality rate. To investigate the factors governing codon usage bias in all the respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different geographical locations (~62K), including two recently emerging strains from the United Kingdom (UK), i.e., VUI202012/01 and South Africa (SA), i.e., 501.Y.V2 codon usage bias (CUBs) analysis was performed. The analysis includes RSCU analysis, GC content calculation, ENC analysis, dinucleotide frequency and neutrality plot analysis. We were motivated to conduct the study to fulfil two primary aims: first, to identify the difference in codon usage bias amongst all SARS-CoV-2 genomes and, secondly, to compare their CUBs properties with other respiratory viruses. A biased nucleotide composition was found as most of the highly preferred codons were A/U-ending in all the respiratory viruses studied here. Compared with the human host, the RSCU analysis led to the identification of 11 over-represented codons and 9 under-represented codons in SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Correlation analysis of ENC and GC3s revealed that mutational pressure is the leading force determining the CUBs. The present study results yield a better understanding of codon usage preferences for SARS-CoV-2 genomes and discover the possible evolutionary determinants responsible for the biases found among the respiratory viruses, thus unveils a unique feature of the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and adaptation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at comparative CUBs analysis on the worldwide genomes of SARS-CoV-2, including novel emerged strains and other respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses After Different Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Protocols

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Callegari ◽  
Jefferson S. Novaes ◽  
Gabriel R. Neto ◽  
Ingrid Dias ◽  
Nuno D. Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Set Protocol ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Elevate Plasma

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the responses of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after performing different resistance and aerobic exercise protocols. Twelve recreationally trained men (age, 23.2 ± 5.6 years; body mass, 84.3 ± 9.3 kg; body height, 178.9 ± 4.5 cm; and BMI, 26.3 ± 2.3 kg·m2) volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental protocols (crossover): (a) aerobic training at 60% of VO2max, (b) aerobic training at 80% of VO2max, (c) a resistance exercise (RE) session with a bi-set protocol, and (d) an RE session with a multiple sets protocol. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 24 hours following the experimental protocols. After 24 hours, there was a significant increase in CK for the 80% of VO2max protocol vs. the bi-set RE session (p = 0.016). Immediately after the protocols, we observed a significant increase in LDH among certain groups compared to others, as follows: multiple sets RE session vs. 60% of VO2max, bi-set RE session vs. 60% of VO2max, multiple sets RE session vs. 80% of VO2max, and bi-set RE session vs. 80% of VO2max (p = 0.008, p = 0.013; p = 0.002, p = 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, aerobic exercise performed at 80% of VO2max appears to elevate plasma CK levels more than bi-set RE sessions. However, the bi-set and multiple sets RE sessions appeared to trigger greater levels of blood LDH compared to aerobic protocols performed at 60% and 80% of VO2max.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of home-based cognitive training program on a cognitive level, the activity of daily living among elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment in selected community settings of Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5301-5309
Author(s):  
Govindakumari R ◽  
Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy ◽  
Vijay Raghvan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Brain

Aging is a physiological process that leads to both biological and psychological changes. The brain undergoes structural changes as a part of aging. According to the investigator's best knowledge and based on the extensive review, no structured study was conducted in India to test the effectiveness of cognitive training program. Hence, the present study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a home-based training program on select outcomes. A total of 314 elderly participants were recruited for the study after obtaining the written informed consent. After recruiting, the participants were randomly grouped into two groups, that is control and intervention groups, with 157 participants in each group. The intervention was administered to the experimental group. The present study results suggest that the home-based cognitive training program is effective in improving cognitive functions and daily life activities. The study recommends further detailed and multi-centered studies in this area to recommend the implementation of the program in the management of the cognitive impairments of the elderly.

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