Effort of Varying Intensity as a Factor Influencing the Variability of Selected Biochemical Blood Parameters of Jumping Horses

Abstract Blood samples were collected from horses in four time points of the spring-winter training season, according to the difference in effort intensity characteristic for each period. Serum contents of glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine, as well as activity of creatine kinase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Training did not cause muscle damage, and as a result of training, changes in the characteristics of both, contraction and biochemical properties of muscle tissue took place, which was confirmed by the conducted tests.

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The effects of different anticoagulants on biochemical parameters in blood of dairy cows

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502013b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Branislava Belic ◽

Marko Cincovic ◽

Maja Dosenovic ◽

Dragica Stojanovic ◽

Zorana Kovacevic

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Total Protein ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Holstein Friesian

Routine analysis of blood parameters requires high precision. Therefore a significant number of methods and recommendations has been developed to ensure the obtaining of precise results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the type of anticoagulant affects the values of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows in relation to the values obtained from the serum. The study was carried out on 20 healthy cows of Holstein- Friesian breed in the second month of lactation. The blood was taken by venipuncture from v.coccigea. There were used five types of vacutainers as follows: for the serum separation, with heparin, EDTA, citrate, and fluoride. Samples from each cow were taken in all five types of vacutainers respectively. There was determined the concentration of: albumin, total protein, glucose, Ca, P, BHB, NEFA, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, AP, GGT and bilirubin. The results of the analysis of samples that contained anticoagulants were compared statistically with analysis in serum that was considered to be the control one. It was also calculated the percentage of deviation in average values of concentration of metabolites obtained from samples with different anticoagulants in regard to the serum value. The results of the investigation show that anticoagulants influence the values of biochemical parameters in the blood of cows. In the samples where heparin was used as anticoagulant there was found higher albumin level (deviation 4.1%) as well as total protein (1.4%), but lower value of alkaline phosphatase activity relative to the serum (-33%). In the samples in which EDTA was used there were significantly lower levels of total protein (-5.8%), Ca (-49.6%), P (-17.7%), AP (-32%) and higher value AST (10.6%) compared to serum. In the samples where citrate or fluoride were used as anticoagulants there were found lower values of total protein, albumin, glucose (only citrate), Ca, P, BHB, NEFA, urea (only citrate), cholesterol, AP and GGT (only fluoride) and lower bilirubin when using citrate or higher when using fluoride, in comparison to the serum. Deviations of biochemical parameters measured from blood samples that were in citrate or fluoride were as follows: total protein (-5.3%, -5.2%), albumin (-7%, -5.7%), glucose (only citrate -6.2%), Ca (-55%, -82%), P (-29%, -24%), BHB (-53%, -80%), NEFA (-62.1%, -79 , 4%), urea (only citrate, -25.5%), cholesterol (-28.6%, -28.4%), AP (-38%, -32%), and GGT (only -17 fluoride, 8%) and higher bilirubin (-22.8%, 64.4%). For routine clinical biochemical analysis of blood of cows it is the most reliable to use the samples with heparin as an anticoagulant, because the use of other anticoagulants gives large variations in the values of biochemical parameters in relation to serum.

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Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.2478/acve-2019-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 73-87

Author(s):

Karla Klobučar ◽

Zoran Vrbanac ◽

Jelena Gotić ◽

Krunoslav Bojanić ◽

Tomislav Bureš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Average Speed ◽

Electrolyte Loss ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.

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Amino Acids Changes and Muscle Damage During the 400 km Ultra Trail Gobi Race

10.1101/466706 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Li ◽

Yao Wu ◽

Guangyuan Huang ◽

Song Chen ◽

Shengting Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Progressive Decline ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Mean Values ◽

Ultra Endurance

Current researches demonstrated that completing the Ultra Trail Gobi (UTG) could lead to severe muscle damage. Our study was designed to analysis the muscle damage and amino acid changes reacted to a 400 km ultra-endurance race in experienced runners. Peripheral blood samples from 16 male athletes (mean age 40.3 ± 7.0 years, mean finish time 121.2 ± 21.8 hours), taken 48 h before and immediately after completing the Ultra Trail Gobi Race (UTG), were analyzed for 39 amino acids, 15 steroid hormones and 4 muscle damage factors. In all participants, the 4 biomarkers for muscle damage, i.e., creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the race, whose mean post-race values were 13.7-, 7.3-, 4.7- and 1.5-fold higher than the pre-race values, respectively. 5 amino acids, i.e., alanine, valine, proline, ornithine and citrulline showed significant decrease, whose mean values decreased by 40.4 ± 18.7%, 38.9 ± 9.3%, 48.1 ± 15.2%, 44.8 ± 15.1% and 23.4 ± 30.8% after the race, respectively. Our study revealed that progressive decline in amino acids contents may further contribute to the factors increasing the muscle damage during the UTG.

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Comparison of Measurements of 12 Analytes in Equine Blood Samples Using the In-Practice Falcor 350 and the Reference KoneLab 30i Analysers

ISRN Veterinary Science ◽

10.5402/2012/475419 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Papasouliotis ◽

K. V. Tennant ◽

S. Dodkin ◽

J. Mason

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Total Proteins ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Additional Correction ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Falcor 350 is a wet-reagent biochemistry analyser that is available for in-house use. The aim of this study was to compare the results produced by this analyser with those obtained by the KoneLab 30i that served as the reference instrument. Blood samples from 60 clinical cases were analysed for urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium using both instruments. Good to excellent correlations (rs value) value) were identified for creatinine (0.88), total proteins (0.92), albumin (0.93), creatine kinase (0.98), aspartate aminotransferase (0.98), alkaline phosphatase (0.94), total bilirubin (0.98), phosphate (0.95), and potassium (0.97). The correlations for total calcium (0.71), sodium (0.68), and urea (0.64) were fair. For albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, phosphate, potassium, total bilirubin, creatinine, and total proteins, the two instruments produce values that are closely related to each other and are sufficiently similar to allow them to be used interchangeably without the need for additional correction factor computations. Because of differences in the methodologies, the Falcor results for alkaline phosphatase, total calcium, and sodium cannot be used interchangeably and should be interpreted using reference intervals established from the Falcor analyser.

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CORRELATION OF CREATINE KINASE AND MYOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DEBILITATED CONDITIONS RELATED TO MYOPATHIES

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.1.1/002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Junaid Mahmood Alam ◽

Sumaira Imran Farooqui ◽

Amna Hussain

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significance Level ◽

Inclusion Period

The present study describes the determination of a possible correlation between CK and myoglobin levels, in addition to the hypothesis that increase in myoglobin concentrations may precede changes in CK levels in patients suffering from myopathies. The inclusion period for this cohort study was from December 2005 to December 2007. Patients who met the laid down and referred criteria were eligible for the study, which includes patients aged > 20 years to < 75 years (both gender) and had a diagnosis of myopathies as per description. Standard protocols were followed for blood samples collection and estimation of aldolase, CK AST, ALT, CK and myoglobin levels. Regression correlations were determined and results were compared as per R2 and significance level P < 0.05. A total of 48 patients were included in the study, males = 32 (66.66%) and females = 16 (33.33%). Except for both CK and myoglobin, the rest of the enzymatic components were not found to be linearly correlated showing R2 factor less than 0.0012. Notably CK and myoglobin levels, when plotted through regression, were leading with exceptional correlation, with R2 0.491 for total patients, R2 0.512 for males and 0.532 for females. It was suggested that by combining both CK and myoglobin estimation in patients with myopathies especially dermatomyositis or polymyositis, it provides better overall impression of muscle damage and related conditions. Correlation of CK and Mb levels in myopathies.

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Effects of combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation on athletic performance and recovery of endurance runners：a double blind, random trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-330022/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yiheng Liang ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Guoqiang Geng ◽

Mingyue Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Athletic Performance ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ingesting protein supplementation before endurance exercise. Methods 10 recreationally active male runners (VO2max: 53.61±3.86 ml/kg•min) completed a run-to-exhaustion test three times. Each test involved 90 minutes of running at 70% VO2max, followed by a time to exhausted test for running at 80% VO2max. All subjects ingested three different, randomly assigned, supplement before the first phase. At the end of the first phase, CHO (carbohydrate) + CHO; PRO (protein) + CHO; CHO + PRO. Both carbohydrate and protein were supplemented at 0.4g•kg− 1BM− 1. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and 24 h after exercise for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MB). Results Three different supplement regimens did not cause a significant difference in exhaustion time (CHO + CHO: 432.36 ± 225.51s; PRO + CHO: 463.82 ± 227.45s; CHO + PRO: 461.45 ± 248.5s). However, ALT and AST in PRO + CHO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24h after exercise (ALT: 16.8 ± 6.31 VS. 24.39 ± 2.54 U/L; AST: 24.06 ± 4.77 VS. 31.51 ± 7.53 U/L, p < 0.05), and MB in PRO + CHO and CHO + PRO were significantly lower than CHO + CHO 24 h after exercise (40.71 ± 15.16; 38.12 ± 14.32; 64.32 ± 28.86 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). Compared to CHO + CHO, CK in PRO + CHO increased less 24 h after exercise (404.22 ± 75.31 VS. 642.33 ± 68.57 U/L, p < 0.05). Conclusion Although combined carbohydrate and protein supplementation did not prolong exhaustion time, it can effectively relieve muscle damage, and it is better to supplement PRO before exercise.

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Effect of Immersion in Cold Water on Creatine Kinase and Myoglobin Levels in Soccer Players

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17921/2447-8938.2020v22n2p151-155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 151-155

Author(s):

Fernanda Bortolo Pesenti-Tofalini ◽

Eduardo Rossi Spartalis ◽

Alessandra Miyuki Okino ◽

Danielle Venturini ◽

Ariobaldo Frisseli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Cold Water ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Athletic Injuries ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

And Control

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of body immersion in cold water on creatine kinase and myoglobin levels in soccer athletes. For this, 10 soccer players aged between 16 and 18 years old, submitted to 5 blood samples, were analyzed: fasting, post-match, after 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the match they were randomized into intervention group (GI) and control (CG). GI immersion in cold water, water plate at the level of the iliac crests, 10 ° C, for 10 minutes and the GC immersed in water at room temperature at the same height and for the same period of time. The levels of creatine kinase did not change in the analyzed groups and moments. Myoglobin levels increased significantly after the match and returned to baseline after 24 and 72 hours, with a peak in 48 hours. There was no difference between the intervention groups at all the evaluated moments. It was concluded that immersion in cold water did not alter the creatine kinase and myoglobin levels in relation to the control group in soccer athletes, indicating that for this population immersion in cold water was not able to reduce muscle damage after exercise. Keywords: Athletic Injuries. Myalgia. Fatigue. Cryotherapy. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da imersão corporal em água fria nos níveis de creatinoquinase e mioglobina em atletas de futebol. Para isto, foram analisados 10 atletas de futebol com idade entre 16 e 18 anos, submetidos à 5 coletas sanguíneas: em jejum, após jogo, após 24, 48 e 72 horas. Ao término do jogo foram aleatorizados em grupo intervenção (GI) e controle (GC). O GI realizou imersão em água fria, lâmina da água à altura das cristas ilíacas, 10ºC, por 10 minutos e o GC realizou imersão em água à temperatura ambiente à mesma altura e durante o mesmo período de tempo. Os níveis de creatinoquinase não apresentaram alteração nos grupos e momentos analisados. Já os níveis de mioglobina aumentaram significativamente após o jogo e retornaram aos valores basais após 24 e 72 horas, com pico em 48 horas. Não houve diferença entre os grupos de intervenção em todos os momentos avaliados. Conclui-se então que a imersão em água fria não alterou os níveis de creatinoquinase e mioglobina em relação ao grupo controle em atletas de futebol, indicando que para esta população a imersão em água fria não foi capaz de reduzir o dano muscular após exercício. Palavras-chave: Traumatismos em Atletas. Mialgia. Fadiga. Crioterapia.

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HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF STEERS AFTER VASECTOMY

Ġylym ža̋ne bìlìm ◽

10.52578/2305-9397-2021-1-1-79-83 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 79-83

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Lysozyme Activity ◽

Phagocytic Index ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Lower Volga ◽

Hereford Cattle ◽

Serum Lysozyme ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Experimental Group

The Kazakh white-headed breed is a breed of beef cattle from Kazakhstan and Russia. The breed was developed between 1930 and 1950 on state farms in the Kazakh republic and the Lower Volga by crossing Hereford cattle with local Kazakh and Kalmyk stock. The breed resembles the Hereford in colour and conformation while incorporating the hardiness of the local breeds. The article shows the results of a study of blood parameters of Kazakh white-headed breed bulls after vasectomy. For this purpose two groups of 20 similar males of 12-14 months of age. The males of the experimental group underwent vasectomy in the farm «Aislu», by «torzing» the tail of the appendage. At 14-16 months of age blood samples were taken from both groups. Erythrocytes and haemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, β and γ globulin were higher in vasectomized males. Data of leucocytes, calcium, phosphorus, reserve alkalinity, α- globulins were similar. Vasoectomy had little effect on serum lysozyme activity and on neutrophil phagocytic activity and phagocytic index. The bactericidal activity of serum of operated males was higher.

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Consequences of Succinylcholine Administration to Patients Using Statins

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0b013e31822079fa ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 28-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alparslan Turan ◽

Maria L. Mendoza ◽

Shipra Gupta ◽

Jing You ◽

Alexandru Gottlieb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Clinical Consequence ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Study Results ◽

The Difference

Background Statins cause structural changes in myocytes and provoke myotoxicity, myopathy, and myalgias. Thus, patients taking statins may be especially susceptible to succinylcholine-induced muscle injury. The authors tested the hypothesis that succinylcholine increases plasma concentrations of myoglobin, potassium, and creatine kinase more in patients who take statins than in those who do not and that succinylcholine-induced postoperative muscle pain is aggravated in statin users. Methods Patients who took statins for at least 3 months and those who had never used statins were enrolled. General anesthesia was induced and included 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine for intubation. The incidence and degree of fasciculation after succinylcholine administration were recorded. Blood samples were obtained before induction and 5 and 20 min and 24 h after succinylcholine administration. Patients were interviewed 2 and 24 h after surgery to determine the degree of myalgia. Results The authors enrolled 38 patients who used statins and 32 who did not. At 20 min, myoglobin was higher in statin users versus nonusers (ratio of medians 1.34 [95% CI: 1.1, 1.7], P = 0.018). Fasciculations in statin users were more intense than in nonusers (P = 0.047). However, plasma potassium and creatine kinase concentrations were similar in statin users and nonusers, as was muscle pain. Conclusions The plasma myoglobin concentration at 20 min was significantly greater in statin users than nonusers, although the difference seems unlikely to be clinically important. The study results suggest that the effect of succinylcholine given to patients taking statins is likely to be small and probably of limited clinical consequence.

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Investigation of the Effects of Volleyball Training on Athletes' Liver Enzymes and Muscle Damage Markers

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i831207 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ramazan Erdoğan

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Test Results ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test

Aims: It is seen that regular exercises cause physiological changes in the organism. The effects of such a training are not known especially on liver enzymes and muscle damages. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the effects of long-term volleyball training on athletes’ indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages. Methodology: 20 male volunteer athletes in volleyball branch participated in the study. In the study, a 12-week training program was applied to the athletes four days a week, and one day intended for conditioning training in each week. Blood samples were received from the athletes for two times when they were resting that was before and at the end of the training. Indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages of athletes were determined in these blood samples received. The data obtained in this study were analysed by SPSS 22 package program. Paired Samples t-test was used in the comparison of pre-post test data of the study group. Significance level was accepted to be p<0,05. Results: After the data evaluated, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-test results of muscle damage indicators and CK (Creatine Kinase) and CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB) values of the athletes participating in the study (p<0,05). Considering the pre and post-test results of the athletes’ liver enzymes, a statistically significant difference was found to be at LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and ALP (Alanine aminotransferase) levels (p<0,05) while there was no statistically significant difference at GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) levels. Conclusion: As a result, regular volleyball training was determined to cause changes in the athletes’ indicators of liver enzymes and muscle damages. Considering the physiological changes caused by the training programs to be applied, it is thought that the performances of the athletes will be positively affected.

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