Critical care for severe coronavirus disease 2019: a population-based study from a province with low case-fatality rate in China

We previously published rates of pediatric stroke using our population-based Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (GCNK) for periods July 1993–June 1994 and 1999. We report population-based rates from 2 additional study periods: 2005 and 2010. We identified all pediatric strokes for residents of the GCNK region that occurred in July 1, 1993–June 30, 1994, and calendar years 1999, 2005, and 2010. Stroke cases were ascertained by screening discharge ICD-9 codes, and verified by a physician. Pediatric stroke was defined as stroke in those <20 years of age. Stroke rates by study period, overall, by age and by race, were calculated. Eleven children died within 30 days, yielding an all-cause case fatality rate of 15.7% (95% confidence interval 1.1%, 26.4%) with 3 (27.3%) ischemic, 6 (54.5%) hemorrhagic, and 2 (18.2%) unknown stroke type. The pediatric stroke rate of 4.4 per 100 000 in the GCNK study region has not changed over 17 years.

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Temporal trends in stroke incidence and case-fatality rates in Arcadia, Greece: A sequential, prospective, population-based study

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/1747493021995594 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174749302199559

Author(s):

Eleni Karantali ◽

Konstantinos Vemmos ◽

Evangelos Tsampalas ◽

Konstantinos Xynos ◽

Persefoni Karachalia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

European Population ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Southern Greece

Background Stroke incidence and case-fatality are reported to decline in high-income countries during the last decades. Epidemiological studies are important for health services to organize prevention and treatment strategies. Aims The aim of this population-based study was to determine temporal trends of stroke incidence and case-fatality rates of first-ever stroke in Arcadia, a prefecture in southern Greece. Methods All first-ever stroke cases in the Arcadia prefecture were ascertained using the same standard criteria and multiple overlapping sources in three study periods: from November 1993 to October 1995; 2004; and 2015–2016. Crude and age-adjusted to European population incidence rates were compared using Poisson regression. Twenty-eight days case fatality rates were estimated and compared using the same method. Results In total, 1315 patients with first-ever stroke were identified. The age-standardized incidence to the European population was 252 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 231–239) in 1993/1995, 252 (95% CI 223–286) in 2004, and 211 (192–232) in 2015/2016. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates fell by 16% (incidence rates ratio 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97). Similarly, 28-day case-fatality rate decreased by 28% (case fatality rate ratio = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.90). Conclusions This population-based study reports a significant decline in stroke incidence and mortality rates in southern Greece between 1993 and 2016.

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One-year case fatality rate following stroke in the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study: a population-based study of stroke in Iran

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1111/ijs.12611 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (SA100) ◽

pp. 96-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ali Shoeibi ◽

Maryam Salehi ◽

Amanda G. Thrift ◽

Moira K. Kapral ◽

Mohammad Taghi Farzadfard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Study ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

One Year

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Incidence and prognosis of tuberculosis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. A Danish nationwide population based study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899003593 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 221-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

A. M. THULSTRUP ◽

I. MØLLE ◽

N. SVENDSEN ◽

H. T. SØRENSEN

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Day Case ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Increased Risk

We examined the incidence rate and prognosis of tuberculosis in a cohort of patients with liver cirrhosis in Denmark. In a study cohort of 22675 patients with liver cirrhosis, we identified 151 cases of tuberculosis from 1977 to 1993. The incidence rate was 168·6 per 100000 person-years of risk, and the highest incidence rate was among men above 65 years of age, with an incidence rate of 246·0 per 100000 person-years of risk. The 30-day case-fatality rate was 27·3% and the 1-year case fatality rate was 47·7%. The results demonstrate that patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk of tuberculosis. Additionally, it is suggested that liver cirrhosis is an independent risk factor for tuberculosis, and that patients with liver cirrhosis who acquire tuberculosis have a poor prognosis.

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Correlation of population mortality of COVID-19 and testing coverage: a comparison among 36 OECD countries and Taiwan

10.1101/2020.05.27.20113969 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Wei ◽

Chien-Chang Lee ◽

Tzu-Chun Hsu ◽

Wan-Ting Hsu ◽

Chang-Chuan Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Population Based ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Successful Infection ◽

Population Mortality ◽

Testing Coverage

ABSTRACTAlthough testing is widely regarded as critical to fighting the Covid-19 pandemic, what measure and level of testing best reflects successful infection control remains unresolved. Our aim was to compare the sensitivity of two testing metrics-population testing number and testing coverage-to population mortality outcomes and identify a benchmark for testing adequacy with respect to population mortality and capture of potential disease burden. This ecological study aggregated publicly available data through April 12 on testing and outcomes related to COVID-19 across 36 OECD (Organization for Economic Development) countries and Taiwan. All OECD countries and Taiwan were included in this population-based study as a proxy for countries with highly developed economic and healthcare infrastructure. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between the aforementioned metrics and following outcome measures: deaths per 1 million people, case fatality rate, and case proportion of critical illness. Fractional polynomials were used to generate scatter plots to model the relationship between the testing metrics and outcomes. Testing coverage, but not population testing number, was highly correlated with population mortality (rs= −0.79, P=5.975e-09 vs rs = − 0.3, P=0.05) and case fatality rate (rs= −0.67, P=9.067e-06 vs rs= −0.21, P=0.20). A testing coverage threshold of 15-45 signified adequate testing: below 15, testing coverage was associated with exponentially increasing population mortality, whereas above 45, increased testing did not yield significant incremental mortality benefit. Testing coverage was better than population testing number in explaining country performance and can be used as an early and sensitive indicator of testing adequacy and disease burden. This may be particularly useful as countries consider re-opening their economies.

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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: long-term trends in incidence and survival in Olmsted County, Minnesota

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2019.12.jns192468 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Enrico Giordan ◽

Christopher S. Graffeo ◽

Alejandro A. Rabinstein ◽

Robert D. Brown ◽

Walter A. Rocca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Olmsted County ◽

Day Case ◽

Incident Cases

OBJECTIVERecent population-based and hospital cohort studies have reported a decreasing incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and declining aSAH-associated case-fatality rates. Principal drivers of these trends are debated, but improvements in smoking cessation and hypertension control may be critical factors.METHODSThe population-based medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiological Project was used to document aSAH incidence and 30-day case fatality rates during a 20-year study period (1996–2016) in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Incidence rates in the study period were compared with data from a previous Olmsted County study concerning aSAH incidence from 1965 to 1995 and with regional trends in tobacco use.RESULTSOne hundred nineteen incident cases of aSAH were included. The median age at hemorrhage was 59 years (range 16–94 years), and 74 patients were female (62.2%). The overall average annual aSAH incidence rate was 4.2/100,000 person-years (P-Y). The aSAH incidence rate decreased from 5.7/100,000 in 1996 to 3.5/100,000 P-Y in 2011–2016. The overall aSAH-associated 30-day case-fatality rate was 21.9% and declined by approximately 0.5% annually. An accelerated decline in the fatality rate (0.9%/year) was observed from 2006–2016. Smoking among adult Olmsted County residents decreased from 20.4% in 2000 to 9.1% in 2018.CONCLUSIONSA decline in the incidence of aSAH and 30-day case-fatality rate from 1996 to 2016 was observed, as well as an accelerated decline of the fatality rate from 2006 to 2016. These findings confirm and extend the trends reported by prior studies in the same population. The decrease in aSAH in the years studied paralleled a noticeable reduction in the population smoking rates.

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Case Fatality Rate Related to Microcephaly Congenital Zika Syndrome and Associated Factors: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Brazil †

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12111228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1228

Author(s):

Maria Conceição N. Costa ◽

Luciana Lobato Cardim ◽

Maria Gloria Teixeira ◽

Mauricio L. Barreto ◽

Rita de Cassia Oliveira de Carvalho-Sauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Population Based ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome

Background: The clinical manifestations of microcephaly/congenital Zika syndrome (microcephaly/CZS) have harmful consequences on the child’s health, increasing vulnerability to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study analyzes the case fatality rate and child–maternal characteristics of cases and deaths related to microcephaly/CZS in Brazil, 2015–2017. Methods: Population-based study developed by linkage of three information systems. We estimate frequencies of cases, deaths, case fatality rate related to microcephaly/CZS according to child and maternal characteristics and causes of death. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied. Results: The microcephaly/CZS case fatality rate was 10% (95% CI 9.2–10.7). Death related to microcephaly/CZS was associated to moderate (OR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.63–2.83), and very low birth weight (OR = 3.77; 95% CI 2.20–6.46); late preterm births (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.21–2.23), Apgar < 7 at 1st (OR = 5.98; 95% CI 4.46–8.02) and 5th minutes (OR = 4.13; 95% CI 2.78–6.13), among others. Conclusions: A high microcephaly/CZS case fatality rate and important factors associated with deaths related to this syndrome were observed. These results can alert health teams to these problems and increase awareness about the factors that may be associated with worse outcomes.

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COVID19 - A Correlation Study of Infection Fatality Rate vs Age

10.21203/rs.3.rs-85482/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

JAYDIP DATTA

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Model ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Special Case

Abstract In this article one of the most important epidemiological parameter ie Infection fatality rate [ 1 ] is correlated with age of the population through a sigmoid statistics of Logistic model. The IFR is a special case of case fatality rate ( CFR ) . The CFR ( 1 ) is termed as the number of deaths due to symptomatic Covid infection within entire population per unit time . The IFR is a special case of CFR where number of deaths to be considered as total number of deaths due to symptomatic as well as asymptomatic infection within the same population per unit time .The sigmoid fit can also be approximated to modified quadratic fit [ 4-5 ]. CFR can be more specifically correlated to comorbidities [8 ]through linear regression analysis. co morbidities due to SARS-COV-2 infection for different chronic diseases like heart , Lung , Kidney , related chronic failure are analysed by a significant Pearson statistics ( 10 ) are discussed here . The IFR can be realised from mild to hospitalisation under ICU , critical care and finally severity to death( 9,12).

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Time trends and case fatality rate of in-hospital treated pulmonary embolism during 11 years of observation in Northwestern Italy

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th15-02-0172 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (02) ◽

pp. 399-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Walter Ageno ◽

Fulvio Pomero ◽

Luigi Fenoglio ◽

Alessandro Squizzato ◽

Matteo Bonzini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Time Trends ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Entire Study ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Hospital Case

SummaryPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disorder with high mortality and morbidity rates. However, population-based information on its incidence and prognosis remains limited. We conducted a large epidemiology study collecting data on hospitalisation for PE (from 2002 to 2012) in a population of about 13 million people in Northwestern Italy. Patients were identified using the ICD-9-CM codes: 415.11, 415.19; gender and age specific incidence rate of PE during the study period were estimated using the resident population for each year of the study. Furthermore, time trends in the in-hospital PE-related mortality and case fatality rate were calculated. Results were adjusted for possible confounders. A total of 60,853 patients (mean age 72.8 years, ± 14.1, 59.6 % females) with PE were included; the overall crude incidence rate for the entire study period was 55.4 and 40.6 events per year per 100,000 inhabitants for women and men, respectively (p < 0.001). However, this difference was completely lost after standardisation for age. The incidence of PE significantly increased in both genders during the study period. In-hospital case fatality rate significantly decreased throughout the study period (p < 0.001) in women (from 15.6 % to 10.2 %) and in men (from 17.6 % to 10.1 %). The observed decrease of the in-hospital case-fatality throughout the study period remained significant also after adjustment for possible confounders. In conclusion, time trends over an 11-year period show an increasing incidence of PE, but a significant reduction in mortality during hospitalisation. Reduction in the case fatality rate remained significant after adjustment for these possible confounders.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

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