Is it possible to use the serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin as a serum biomarker to distinguish endometriosis and endometriosis-associated epithelial ovarian cancers?

Aim Deficiency of Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) can be a genetic condition that increases the risk of developing liver, lung and possibly gastrointestinal disease. Since many autistic children also have gastrointestinal disorders, this study was designed to measure serum concentration of AAT and establish AAT genotypes in autistic children, age and gender matched non-autistic siblings, parents and controls. Subjects and Methods We used an indirect ELISA with monoclonal IgG to AAT to measure AAT serum concentrations in 71 members from 16 families of individuals with autism and 18 controls (no family history of autism). We used a duplex polymerase chain reaction to detect M, S and Z alleles for alpha-1 antitrypsin expression in 52 members of 12 of the above families. Results A significantly high number of autistic family members had lower than normal serum levels of AAT when compared to controls. Autistic children with regressive onset had significantly lower levels of AAT compared to controls, and a significant number of autistic children with low serum AAT also had hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal disease and respiratory problems. We also found that a significantly high number of these individuals had the PiMZ genotype and correspondingly low levels of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin. Discussion Knowing that low levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin may be inherited, and that low levels of AAT may be associated with GI disease in autistic children, genotyping autistic children may help identify individuals susceptible to developing digestive problems.

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Alpha 1 antitrypsin serum levels and phenotypes in patients with retinal vasculitis.

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjo.69.7.497 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 497-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D Wakefield ◽

J Easter ◽

S N Breit ◽

P Clark ◽

R Penny

Keyword(s):

Retinal Vasculitis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

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Serum biomarkers to differentiate Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungal infection in febrile patients

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Dongguang Niu ◽

Qian Huang ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Weiliang Tian ◽

Chen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Serum Biomarker ◽

Diagnostic Efficiency ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Introduction. Contamination of specimens and overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics contribute to false positives and false negatives, respectively. Therefore, useful and applicable biomarkers of bacteremia are still required. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. IL-6 can be used as a serum biomarker to discriminate among bacterial infections and fungal infections in febrile patients with a bloodstream infection. Aim. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in discriminating Gram-negative (G−) bacteria from Gram-positive (G+) bacteria and fungi in febrile patients. Methodology. A total of 567 patients with fever were evaluated. Serum levels of IL-6, PCT, NLR and CRP were compared among a G− group (n=188), a G+ group (n=168), a fungal group (n=38) and a culture negative group (n=173). Sensitivity, specificity, Yuden’s index and area under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were obtained to analyse the diagnostic abilities of these biomarkers in discriminating bloodstream infection caused by different pathogens. Results. Serum IL-6 and PCT in the G− group increased significantly when compared with both the G+ group and fungal group (P <0.05). AUC of IL-6 (0.767, 95 % CI:0.725–0.805) is higher than AUC of PCT (0.751, 95 % CI:0.708–0.796) in discriminating the G− group from G+ group. When discriminating the G− group from fungal group, the AUC of IL-6 (0.695, 95 % CI:0.651–0.747) with a cut-off value of 464.3 pg ml−1 was also higher than the AUC of PCT (0.630, 95 % CI:0.585–0.688) with a cut-off value of 0.68 ng ml−1. Additionally, AUC of NLR (0.685, 95 % CI:0.646–0.727) in discriminating the fungal group from G+ group at the cut-off value of 9.03, was higher than AUC of IL-6, PCT and CRP. Conclusion. This study suggests that IL-6 could be used as a serum biomarker to discriminate among bacterial infections and fungal infections in febrile patients with a bloodstream infection. In addition, NLR is valuable to discriminate fungal infections from Gram-positive infections in febrile patients with a bloodstream infection.

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Serum Levels of Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase, Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in 1494 Patients with Various Genotypes for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3923

Author(s):

José María Hernández Pérez ◽

Ignacio Blanco ◽

Agustín Jesús Sánchez Medina ◽

Laura Díaz Hernández ◽

José Antonio Pérez Pérez

Keyword(s):

Liver Damage ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽

Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽

Gamma Glutamyl ◽

Glutamate Pyruvate ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽

Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Normal Genotype

Background: Patients with liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are homozygous for the Z mutation, leading to chronic liver damage. Objective: To assess the serum levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in patients with different genotypes for the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) gene. Methods: Patients (n = 1494) underwent genotyping of the SERPINA1 gene, together with a determination of AAT and GOT and GPT and GGT transaminase levels. Patients with a deficient allele (n = 476) and with a normal genotype were compared. Results: A statistically significant association was found between deficient genotypes and GOT (p < 0.0003), GPT (p < 0.002), and GGT (p < 0.006). Comparing GOT levels in patients with PI*Z deficient variant versus those with normal genotype, an odds ratio (OR) of 2.72 (CI: 1.5–4.87) (p < 0.0005) was obtained. This finding was replicated with the PI*Z allele and the GPT values (OR = 2.31; CI: 1.45–3.67; p < 0.0003). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between liver enzymes and AAT values. Conclusion: The PI*Z allele seemed to be a risk factor for the development of liver damage. AAT deficient genotypes were associated with GOT, GPT, and GGT altered values. Low AAT levels were associated with high GPT and GGT levels.

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ROC Analysis of Diagnostic Performance Utilizing Serum Antiproteases in Cancer Patients

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460088800300310 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 203-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Millán ◽

A. Lorenzo ◽

P. Gallurt ◽

P. Rodriguez ◽

J. Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽

True Positive ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic procedures is made independent of diagnostic criteria by means of a receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curve. We performed ROC analysis for the major serum antiproteases: alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), in 99 cancer patients compared with 71 normal individuals. A1AT and A2M were significantly higher in cancer patients (p < 0.0005). By comparing true positive and false positive rates for different serum levels, ROC analysis showed that serum A1AT quantification seems more useful in clinical practice than serum A2M.

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High expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein–2 messenger RNA in epithelial ovarian cancers produces elevated preoperative serum levels

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00623.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 1529-1535 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J.M. LANCASTER ◽

R.A. SAYER ◽

C. BLANCHETTE ◽

B. CALINGAERT ◽

I. KONIDARI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

High Expression ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Factor Binding ◽

Ovarian Cancers ◽

Preoperative Serum

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P2.01-079 The Serum Levels of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Are Strongly Associated with Its Local Production by Tumor Cells in NSCLC Patients

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1131 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. S835-S836

Author(s):

Adam Szpechcinski ◽

Renata Langfort ◽

Emilia Debek ◽

Dorota Giedronowicz ◽

Mateusz Florczuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Local Production ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽

Nsclc Patients

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Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary: immunohistochemical finding of one case and literature review

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200605000-00075 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 1439-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. YİĞİT ◽

M. A. Uyaroğlu ◽

Z. Kuş ◽

N. Ekinci ◽

Ö ÖZTEKİN

Keyword(s):

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Serum Levels ◽

High Serum ◽

Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽

Ovarian Mass ◽

Hepatoid Carcinoma ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽

Carcinoma Of The Ovary ◽

Immunohistochemical Finding

Hepatoid carcinoma is a rare ovarian tumor and is thought to be a histopathologic subtype different from hepatoid type yolk sac tumor based on its pathologic features. A 63-year-old woman who had postmenopausal bleeding and lower abdominal pain was found to have right ovarian mass on pelvic examination and computed tomography. She had high serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and CA125. Histologically, the tumor resembled hepatocellular carcinoma by architectural and cytologic features. Immunohistochemically tumor cells were immunoreactive for AFP, alpha 1 antitrypsin, and carcinoembryonic antigens.

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